• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.792-798
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• 2002

The spectrum of impulse response signal from an impulse hammer testing is widely used to obtain frequency response function (FRF) of the structure. However the FRFs obtained from impact hammer testing have not only leakage errors but also finite record length errors when the record length for the signal processing is not sufficiently long. The errors cannot be removed with the conventional signal analyzer which treats the signals as if they are always steady and periodic. Since the response signals generated by the impact hammer are transient and have damping, they are undoubtedly non-periodic. It is inevitable that the signals be acquired for limited recording time, which causes the finite record length error and the leakage error. In this paper, the errors in the frequency response function of multi degree of freedom system are formulated theoretically. And the method to remove these errors is also suggested. This method is based on the optimization technique. A numerical example of 3-dof model shows the validity of the proposed method.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2024

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of website quality on impulse buying of the online retailer, which is mediated by positive emotion and moderated by personalized advertising. Research design, data and methodology: The present study used a survey methodology conducted on many user's smartphones. The sample in this study included 409 college students in Indonesia. Purposive sampling was used as the sampling technique. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to many respondents through the Google Documents online survey. Results: The findings derived from the application of structural equation modelling for data analysis show that 1). Website quality affects impulse buying and positive emotion, and 2). The impact of website quality on impulse buying was mediated by positive emotion and moderated by personalized advertising. Conclusions: The findings presented in this study has significant theoretical implications that contribute to the existing concept on the relationship between website quality, positive emotion, personalized advertising and impulse buying. The findings of the research possess managerial implications. It can be used can as a reference in determining website quality and the appropriate personalized advertising that increases online impulse buying at online retailer In Indonesia.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.2301-2307
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 산업용수의 처리 및 운용 과정에서 중요한 문제점으로 지목되고 있는 탄산칼슘에 의한 스케일 형성을 제어하기 위해 고전압 임펄스 (High Voltage Impulse, HVI) 기술의 활용 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 전원부, 고전압발생부, 축전기, 스위치 및 임펄스발생기로 구성된 HVI를 제작하여 17kV의 고전압 펄스를 생성시켰다. 반응조에 $Ca^{2+}$을 포함하고 있는 인공 시료를 투입한 후 HVI를 인가하였다. HVI 접촉시간 5분 후에는 $Ca^{2+}$ 초기값의 3.0% 가량만 감소하였으나, 접촉시간 60분 후에는 약 13.7% 가량 감소하였다. HVI 인가로 인해 용액의 온도와 pH는 증가하였고 전기전도도는 탄산칼슘 석출로 인해 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 칼슘 이온의 감소가 충분하지는 않았지만 전계의 세기 및 접촉시간에 따른 제거율에 간한 구체적인 정보가 얻어진다면, HVI 기술을 적용하여 $Ca^{2+}$ 이온을 탄산칼슘으로 미리 석출시켜 제거하는 연수화 (softening) 공정이나 탈염 기술로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2019

OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)은 다중경로 페이딩에 강하고 고속전송이 가능하다는 장점으로 널리 사용되고 있는 디지털 통신방식이나, 여러 부반송파 변조신호가 동위상으로 겹쳐지면서 송신신호의 PAPR (peak to average power ratio)이 높아진다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 송신단의 IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) 이전에 주파수 영역에서 높은 크기의 임펄스를 삽입하면, 쌍대성 특성으로 인해 시간영역의 OFDM 신호의 PAPR 감소 효과를 가져올 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 CQAM (cross quadrature amplitude modulation) 방식을 채용하는 OFDM 통신시스템에서 송신단의 IFFT 이전에 임펄스를 삽입함으로서 개선되는 PAPR 성능을 분석한다. 또한 PAPR을 최소화시킬 수 있는 최적의 임펄스 삽입위치 찾아내고 이를 적용하였을 경우의 PAPR 개선효과를 검증한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 주파수영역에서 삽입되는 임펄스 크기와 위치에 따라 OFDM-CQAM 시스템의 PAPR 개선효과가 기존 방식에 비해 우수함을 확인한다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2017

Several disposal processes for waste sludge from wastewater treatment plants such as landfill, ocean dump, incineration, reuse as fuels or fertilizers are practiced. However, ocean dumping is prohibited by international treat. New constructions of landfill sites or incineration facilities are limited by NIMBY and reuse processes are still suffering from low energy yield. Therefore, development of alternative processes for sludge disposal are currently needed. In this study, alternative technique for sludge solubilization using HVI (high voltage impulse) was suggested and verified experimentally. Sludge solubilization was carried out for 90 minutes using HVI discharge with peak voltage of 16 kV and pulse duration for 40 microsecond. About 3~9 % of MLSS and MLVSS concentration were reduced, but the soluble COD, TN, TP of the sludge increased to 372 %, 56 % and 102 % respectively. It indicates that the flocs and/or cells of the sludge were damaged by HVI. These resulted in flocs-disintegration and cells-lysis, which means the internal matters were bursted out of the flocs as well as the cells. Thus, electrical conductivity in bulk solution was increased. All of the results verified that the HVI could be used as an alternative technique for sludge solubilization processes.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.111-122
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• 1997

표면파를 이용하여 지반의 강성을 추정하는 기법인 SASW 시험에서 위상속도(phase volocity)를 결정하기 위해서는 위상각(phase angle)의 전개(unwrapping)가 필수적이다. 포장 구조에서처럼 깊이에 따라 강성의 차이가 현저한 경우는 기존의 위상각 전개방식으조는 정확한 위상속도를 결정하기가 용이하지 않다. 이는 기존의 위상각 전개방식은 주위상각(principal phase angle)에 2n의 정수배를 더하는 것인데, 위상각 스펙트럼(phase spectrum)에서 정수배를 결정하는 데에 어려움이 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서, 임펄스 응답 필터 기법(Impulse Response Filtration Technique), 또는 IRF기법이라고 하는 새로운 위상각 분석 기법을 제안하였다. IRF 기법의 원리는 임펄스 응답을 필터 처리함으로써 파군(wave group)을 분리하는 것인데,파군의 분리는 임펄스 응답에 대한 Gabor spectrogram을 분석한 정보를 근거로 한다. Gabor spectrogram은 전파되는 파의 에너지를 주파수-시간 공간에서 나타내는 contour 그림으로서, 파군의 전파 상황을 시각적으로 표현하는 수단이다. 이렇게 필터 처리된 임펄스 응답을 이용하면, 위상각 스펙트럼의 분석을 정확하게 할 수 있으며, 위상각의 전개에 있어서 난해함을 제거할 수 있다. 끝으로, 전쳔적인 포장 구조에 대하여 이론적으로 SASW 시험을 모사하였으며, 그 결과를 이용하여 IRF기법의 효용성을 입증하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.241-246
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• 2002

Usually vibration properties are obtained from frequency response functions or impulse response functions of a system. Since the contact type sensors can affect the characteristics of vibrating systems, the non-contact type sensors such as laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) are being widely used. Currently researches are being carried out in terms of modal analysis using a scanning vibrometer. For the continuous scan; the Chebyshev demodulation (or polynomial) is apparently suggested to extract the mode shapes. With single frequency sinusoidal excitation, this approach is well fitted. In this research, the Chebyshev demodulation technique has been applied to the impact excitation case. The vibration of the tested structure is modeled using impulse response functions. The technique is also adopted to the random excitation case. In order to verify the technique, a simply supported beam was chosen as the test rig. The calculation modules are developed by using MATLAB$\^$(R)/ in WindowsNT$\^$(R)/ environment.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.499-516
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• 2007

An experimental method denoted as Impulse Method is proposed as a cost-effective non-destructive technique for the on-site evaluation of concrete elastic modulus in existing structures: on the basis of Hertz's quasi-static theory of elastic impact and with the aid of a simple portable testing equipment, it makes it possible to collect series of local measurements of the elastic modulus in an easy way and in a very short time. A Hypothesis Testing procedure is developed in order to provide a statistical tool for processing the data collected by means of the Impulse Method and assessing the possible occurrence of significant variations in the elastic modulus without exceeding some prescribed error probabilities. It is based on a particular formulation of the renowned sequential probability ratio test and reveals to be optimal with respect to the error probabilities and the required number of observations, thus further improving the time-effectiveness of the Impulse Method. The results of an experimental investigation on different types of plain concrete prove the validity of the Impulse Method in estimating the unknown value of the elastic modulus and attest the effectiveness of the proposed Hypothesis Testing procedure in identifying significant variations in the elastic modulus.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 근거리 위치 기반 시스템을 위한 3 - 5 GHz IR-UWB(impulse radio-ultra wide band) RFIC를 제안한다. 수신기의 구조는 에너지 검출 방식으로 설계되었고, 고속 sampling을 하기 위해서 4 bit ADC 와 DLL(delay locked loop) 을 이용하여 equivalent-time sampling 기술을 사용하도록 설계되었다. 송신기는 저전력의 디지털 UWB impulse generator 를 설계하였다. 설계된 IR-UWB RFIC 는 CMOS $0.18{\mu}m$ 공정을 이용하여 제작되었다. 측정된 수신기의 감도는 -85.7 dBm 이며, 송신기와 수신기는 1.8 V 전원 전압에서 각각 32 mA 와 25.5 mA 의 전류를 소모한다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2017

As an alternate technique for water softening, high voltage impulse (HVI) is introduced and verified if it can control the $CaCO_3$ scale formation in industrial water treatment. After HVI was applied to the artificial hard water containing $100{\pm}5mg/L$ $Ca^{2+}$ for 4 hours, the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and the electrical conductivity were measured. The concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ was reduced from 94.5 to 86.3 mg/L (8.7% reduction) after 4 hour contact of HVI under 5 kV condition. The $Ca^{2+}$ was decreased from 92 to 77.7 mg/L (15.6% reduction) at 8kV and from 90.1 to 75.4 mg/L (16.3% reduction) at 12 kV condition. Both of the contact time and the applied voltage were important parameters affecting the calcium ion reduction. With these results, it was verified that HVI technique could be potential candidate for control of $CaCO_3$ scale formation.