• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.1768-1773
• /
• 2019

Background: Aging reduces cognitive abilities, including visual memory (VM) and visual discrimination (VD). Since common cortical networks subserve eye movement and attention, voluntary eye movement may improve visual attention. Visual selective attention was major role for memory, and visual memory and visual attention are intimately related. Objective: To identify the improvement in VD and VM, after implementing the eye movement program consisting of saccadic eye movement (SEM) and pursuit eye movement (PEM) in the institutionalized healthy elderly. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study involved a sample of 36 participants, and the mean age was 79.03 years (range 76~84 years). They were randomly allocated to the experimental group (n=16) and control group (n=20). Participants in the experimental group performed SEM 5 times per week for 4 weeks: twice daily at the same time in the morning and afternoon. The program was carried out for 3 minutes, and it consisted of SEM and PEM. The target's moving frequency was set at 0.5 Hz. VM and VD at the baseline and post-intervention were measured using Motor-Free Visual Perception test-4 (MFVPT-4). Results: VM significantly improved in the experimental group (p < .01), and significant differences were observed compared to the control group (p < .01). There was no significant change in VD. Conclusion: The eye movement program consisting of SEM and PEM increased VM more than VD. Therefore, eye movement program was feasible interventions for improving VM in institutionalized elderly persons.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2024

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has memory impairment associated with aggregation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Although anti-amyloid β (Aβ) protein antibody and chemical drugs can be prescribed in the clinic, they show adverse effects or low effectiveness. Therefore, the development of a new drug is necessarily needed. We focused on the cognitive function of Panax ginseng and tried to find active ingredient(s). We isolated panaxcerol D, a kind of glycosyl glyceride, from the non-saponin fraction of P. ginseng extract. Methods: We explored effects of acute or sub-chronic administration of panaxcerol D on cognitive function in scopolamine- or Aβ_25-35 peptide-treated mice measured by several behavioral tests. After behavioral tests, we tried to unveil the underlying mechanism of panaxcerol D on its cognitive function by Western blotting. Results: We found that pananxcerol D reversed short-term, long-term and object recognition memory impairments. The decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) or Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in scopolamine-treated mice was normalized by acute administration of panaxcerol D. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), caspase 3, NF-kB p65, synaptophysin and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels in Aβ_25-35 peptide-treated mice were modulated by sub-chronic administration of panaxcerol D. Conclusion: Pananxcerol D could improve memory impairments caused by cholinergic blockade or Aβ accumulation through increased phosphorylation level of ERK or its anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, panaxcerol D as one of non-saponin compounds could be used as an active ingredient of P. ginseng for improving cognitive function.

• Journal of KIISE
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.177-185
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we propose a hybrid write buffer architecture comprised of DRAM and NVRAM on SSD and a write buffer algorithm for the hybrid write buffer architecture. Unlike other write buffer algorithms, the proposed algorithm considers read pages as well as write pages to improve the performance of storage devices because most actual workloads are read-write mixed workloads. Through effectively managing NVRAM pages, the proposed algorithm extends the endurance of SSD by reducing the number of erase operations on NAND flash memory. Our experimental results show that our algorithm improved the buffer hit ratio by up to 116.51% and reduced the number of erase operations of NAND flash memory by up to 56.66%.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.409-414
• /
• 2007

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we examined the improving effect of L-theanine, a major amino acid in Japanese green tea (Camellia sinensis) on the scopolamine (1 mg/kg/mouse)-induced memory dysfunction in mice. Treatment with L-theanine (2, 4 mg/kg/mouse p.o.) in the drinking water for 7 days reversed the scopolamine-induced latency time and distance in the water maze test, latency time in the passive avoidance test, and inhibited AChE activity. This study suggests that L-theanine may be a useful agent for prevention of progression of AD.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2000.07b
• /
• pp.715-718
• /
• 2000

Although shared memory parallel programs are designed to be deterministic both in their final results and intermediate states, the races that occur when different processes access a common memory location in an order not guaranteed by synchronization could result in unintended non-deterministic executions of the program. So, Detecting races, particularly first data races, is important for debugging explicit shared memory parallel programs. It is possible that all data races reported by other on-the-fly algorithms would disappear once the first races were removed. To detect races parallel programs with nested loops and inter-thread coordination, it must guarantee the order of synchronization operations in an execution instance. In this paper, we propose an improved restructuring method that guarantee ordering execution instance and preserve the semantics of original program. This method requires O(np) time and (s + up) space, where n is the number of total operations, s is the number of synchronization operations and p is the number of parallelism in the execution. Also, this method makes on-the-fly detection of parallel program with nested loops and inter-thread coordination more easily in space and time complexity.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2013

The thin insulator films for organic memory device were made by the plasma polymerization method using the styrene monomer which was not the wet process but the dry process. For the formation of stable plasma, we make an effort for controlling the monomer with bubbler and circulator system. The thickness of plasma polymerized styrene insulator layer was 430 nm, the thickness of the Au memory layer was 7 nm thickness of plasma polymerized styrene tunneling layer was 30, 60 nm, the thickness of pentacene active layer was 40 nm, the thickness of source and drain electrodes were 50 nm. The I-V characteristics of fabricated memory device got the hysteresis voltage of 45 V at 40/-40 V double sweep measuring conditions. If it compared with the results of previous paper which was the organic memory with the plasma polymerized MMA insulation thin film, this result was greater than 18 V, the improving ratio is 60%. From the paper, styrene indicated a good charge trapping characteristics better than MMA. In the future, we expect to make the organic memory device with plasma polymerized styrene as the memory thin film.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.137-146
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Investigation of the anitstress effects of Lycii Radicis Cortex. Methods : Behavior was measured in PAT and FST after applying stress to rats. Also, TH expression-degree in the regions of VTA and LC was measured, respectively. Results : The memory was improved in the LH 50mg/kg treated group in the passive avoidance test(P<0.01). The duration of immobility in the forced swimming test was significantly decreased in the LR 50mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated groups(P<0.0l). Stress-induced TH increases were meaningfully suppressed in the LR 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated group(P<0.001). Conclusion : Lycii Radicis Cortes has the effect of memory improving and antidepressant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.187-190
• /
• 2005

There have been many studies to improve the performance of a database system focused on modifying data structure, data partitioning, and materializing strategy. The main contribution of this study is to propose a new alternative towards improving database performance by designing single table schema or processing queries virtually in main memory space. Material Requirement Planning(MRP) part explosion process has shown almost 2 times shorter under DB schema we suggested, and even more than 10 times shorter when separating and filtering policy of DB archiving process are assumed. Several experimental results are shown to illustrate the excellence of our solution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2007.10a
• /
• pp.768-771
• /
• 2007

Recently, Nand flash memory is widely used for digital equipments and its capacity and performance are rapidly improving. The limit on the number of writings and readings to/from Nand flash memory does not guarantee the integrity of its data. Therefore, ECC algorithm should be applied to the Nand flash controller. To reduce the access time, we use the look-up table to implement the ECC algorithm instead of the conventional logic gates.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.342-345
• /
• 2004

In this work, a new method of measuring volume fraction of deformation-induced ${\varepsilon}$ martensite is proposed using endothermic heat on reverse transformation. As grain size increases, the amount of ${\varepsilon}$ martensite forming on cooling increases. However, with a decrease in grain size, more ${\varepsilon}$ is induced by deformation, improving shape memory effect.