Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Panaxcerol D from Panax ginseng ameliorates the memory impairment induced by cholinergic blockade or Aβ25-35 peptide in mice

  • Keontae Park (Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Ranhee Kim (Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kyungnam Cho (Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Chang Hyeon Kong (Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Mijin Jeon (Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Woo Chang Kang (Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Seo Yun Jung (Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Dae Sik Jang (Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Jong Hoon Ryu (Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University)
  • Received : 2023.01.25
  • Accepted : 2023.08.11
  • Published : 2024.01.01
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Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has memory impairment associated with aggregation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Although anti-amyloid β (Aβ) protein antibody and chemical drugs can be prescribed in the clinic, they show adverse effects or low effectiveness. Therefore, the development of a new drug is necessarily needed. We focused on the cognitive function of Panax ginseng and tried to find active ingredient(s). We isolated panaxcerol D, a kind of glycosyl glyceride, from the non-saponin fraction of P. ginseng extract. Methods: We explored effects of acute or sub-chronic administration of panaxcerol D on cognitive function in scopolamine- or Aβ25-35 peptide-treated mice measured by several behavioral tests. After behavioral tests, we tried to unveil the underlying mechanism of panaxcerol D on its cognitive function by Western blotting. Results: We found that pananxcerol D reversed short-term, long-term and object recognition memory impairments. The decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in scopolamine-treated mice was normalized by acute administration of panaxcerol D. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), caspase 3, NF-kB p65, synaptophysin and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels in Aβ25-35 peptide-treated mice were modulated by sub-chronic administration of panaxcerol D. Conclusion: Pananxcerol D could improve memory impairments caused by cholinergic blockade or Aβ accumulation through increased phosphorylation level of ERK or its anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, panaxcerol D as one of non-saponin compounds could be used as an active ingredient of P. ginseng for improving cognitive function.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the 2021 from the Korean Society of Ginseng.

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