• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1569-1579
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the level of grief experience, family hardiness and family resource for management after bereavement of a family member. The subjects of this study were 100 family members who had lost a family member from cancer within the past two years. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson correlation. The results were as follows. 1. The mean score for the level of grief was 2.84 $\pm$ 0.66. The mean score for the a family hardiness was 3.08 $\pm$ 0.39. The mean score for the level of family resource management was 2.70 $\pm$ 0.35. 2. The level of grief experience differed respondent's age was F=2.95, p=.02, and type of bereavement was t=2.01, p=.04. 3. The level of family hardiness was not significantly different according to respondent's and familial characteristics. 4. The level of family resource management differed according to monthly income of the family (F=3.98, p=.01). 5. There were negative correlations between grief experience and family hardiness (r= -.551, p<.001), grief experience and family resource for management (r=-.351, p<.001). Family hardiness was positively related with family resource for management (r=.709, p<.001). In conclusion, family hardiness and family resource management were identified as important variables that contributed to reduce the grief experience. Therefore, it is important to develop nursing intervention that enhances family hardiness and family resource for management for bereaved family.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.686-698
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• 2003

Purpose: This is a descriptive correlation study purposed to provide basic data for comprehensive nursing care by analyzing the relationship between the burden and the quality of life of family caregivers of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Methods: As for the subjects of this study, 66 family caregivers who take care of cancer patients hospitalized and treated with chemotherapy participated in the research. The tool of this study was a structured questionnaire including questions concerning burden(19 items) and the quality of life(33 items). Collected data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ program through descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple linear regression. Results: 1) The mean score of burden was 2.6383. The mean score of quality of life was 3.3034. These score show that family caregivers perceive a moderate level of burden and the quality of life. 2) Family caregivers' burden was significantly related to symptoms in the cancer patient (r= 0.3501, P=0.0042) and family caregivers(r= 0.5340, P=0.0001). Family caregivers' quality of life was significantly related to symptoms in the cancer patient(r= -0.3528, P=0.0039) and family caregivers(r= -0.5472, P=0.0001). According to the result of examining' the relationship between burden and the quality of life, there was a statistically negative correlation(r= -0.6326, P=0.0001). 3) 'Family income after the onset of the patient' was the most important predictor of the burden of family caregivers($R^2$=0.158). 'Usual relationship with the patient' was the most important predictor of the quality of life of family caregivers($R^2$=0.138). Conclusions: The results presented above indicate that we must consider burden of family caregivers and symptoms experienced by them in order to improve the quality of life of family caregivers of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-96
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• 2010

In this study, the effect of firm's patent competency on the their management performance was analysed. The number of patents granted to Korean firms, patent grade score as of the firm's patent competence were considered in the perspectives of patent volume and patent value respectively. Specially the analysis were implemented focusing on the high performance venture ranked 200th in Korea. The patent source data were from the Korean Intellectual Property Office, Korean Credit Evaluation Information Company, and the Patent Evaluation System of KIPO and KIPA. And the year sales and net profit volume as of the firm's management performance data from the KIS. Management performance data are consisted of the mean sales, net profit and ROI during the 4 years from FY2005 to FY2008. Major results are as follows. The regression model were proved significantly that the year sales volume and net profit are effected by the number of patents and patent grade score. But the model including the ROI were shown not significantly. So it can be concluded that patent volume and patent value are the important factors on firm's financial performance as of the year sales volume and net profit. Also the regression model including the control variables, firm's number of employee and business year, the number of patents and patent grade score are the significant factors on firms performance. And regression coefficients of patent value model were higher than these of patent volume model. So it can be recognized that patent value of firms' patent competency are more important factor than the patent volume.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.761-768
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• 2009

This study evaluated on the recognition and satisfaction for functional bakery products by consumers living in Seoul, Overall, 82.0% answered of the respondents reported that they had 'yes' which was 4.5 times as much as those who answered 'no' tried functional bakery products. Purchasing mostly depended on 'myself' (69.0%), and other methods of acquiring information as well as 'bakery' (10.8%), 'neighbour' (8.5%), 'media' (7.9%), and the 'internet' (3.7%). The preferred functional ingredients were 'sweet potato' with (22.9%), and 'rye and oat' (13.8%), 'green tea' (13.5%), 'pumpkin' (11.4%), and 'chestnut' (7.3%) were other preferred ingredients. The reasons for this preference were that they were 'healthy' by (47.1%) and had a 'good taste' by (36.6%). Evaluation of the recognition of functional bakery products revealed that, 'nutrition' had the highest scale of recognition of (3.80 out of 5), and followed by 'healthy' with (3.69 out of 5). Conversely, 'proper price' received a below average score of 2.97, indicating dissatisfaction. Moreover, the overall average satisfaction with functional bakery products was 3.37, and with the taste, nutrition, and quality receiving a highly satisfactory score of 3.52, and price receiving an unsatisfactory score of 3.00. The factors most important to improve functional bakery products were, 'variety' (37.6%) was most important, followed by 'increased nutrition' (21.2%) and 'lower price' needed to be improved as well. The factor that had the greatest influence on the decision to purchase functional bakery products was 'material' with (3.737) followed by 'name value' with (3.56).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the management practices and to measure the degree of job satisfaction of employees of hamburger chain restaurants in Seoul. Management practices were evaluated in terms of service, quality, cleanliness and shift management in 30 hamburger restaurants of 3 domestic and 3 foreign chain brands. Employee job satisfaction was measured by using questionnaires of Job Descriptive Index. 200 employees from the same 30 restaurants were participated in the survey. Results were analyzed by using SAS program in terms of t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. The results are as follows: 1. The factor of quality got the highest score and cleanliness the second, service the third, and shift management got the lowest score in the evaluation of management practiecs of hamburger chain restaurant. The foreign brands showed significantly higher scores than the domestic ones in every measured factors. 2. The factor of coworkers got the highest score and then supervision, the work-itself, promotion and pay got the next highest scores in descending order in measured Job satisfaction. The foreign brands showed significantly higher scores than domestic ones in JDI. 3. The foodservice employees rated work-itself was considered by employees the most important job satisfaction factor, and the next important factor was pay and then coworkers, supervision, and promotion. 4. The significant positive relationship between management practice factor of shift management and all the factors of job satisfaction except the factor of pay were found.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.246-254
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to measure college students' understanding of elderly's sexual life. Method: For this study, questionnaires were distributed to 423 students in 'K' college of Chungcheongbuk-do during the period from November 17 to December 3 2003. Result: With regard to elderly's sexual life, 38.5% of the respondents answered' very important' or 'important'. With regard to disturbances of elderly's sexual life, 56.7% of the respondents answered 'because of aging', and 53.4% answered 'because of social and moral dignity'. Of the respondents, 95.0% agreed on elderly's acquaintance with the opposite sex, and 50.8% of respondents who agreed on it answered that the reason of elderly's acquaintance with the opposite sex was to get friends. The score of college students' understanding of elderly's sexual life was 2.64 out of 4 points. Among the areas in the questionnaire on understanding of elderly's sexual life, college students' attitude toward sexual life showed the highest score. The score of the necessity of education and counseling for elderly on sexuality and acquaintance with the opposite sex was 3.11 out of 4 points. Of the respondents, 84.4% agreed on education and counseling on sexuality for elderly, and 90.0% agreed on education and counseling on acquaintance with the opposite sex for elderly. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of college students' understanding of elderly's sexual life according to their grade(F=14.241, p=.000), major(t=4.751, p=.000) and sexual attitudes(F=5.395, 0=.005). Conclusion: The survey result suggests that college students have open-hearted understanding of elderly's sexual life. But to make ordinary people accept elderly's sexual life more open-heartedly, it is necessary to develop various education and counseling programs for elderly's sexual health.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.108-118
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine comparison in the frequency and importance of nurse's job in new graduate nurses working in musculoskeletal ward. Method: A descriptive design was used with convenience sampling of 72 new graduate nurses working in musculoskeletal ward of the 2 hospitals with over 500 beds. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: 1) The total score for frequency of nurse's job was $2.57{\pm}.41$ and the total score for importance of nurse's job was $3.00{\pm}.37$. 2) The most frequent category was to manage for a medication and the most frequent item was to administer a medication in the order. 3) The most important category was to control of tissue perfusion and the most important item was to keep the aseptic techniques. 4) The frequencies among the work places were different significantly in 3 categories. 5) The importances among the work places were different significantly in 2 categories. Conclusion: New graduate nurses perceived the importance than the frequency of nurse's job. Also check or analysis the vital sign and nurses job associated with medication were higher score. Therefore, further research is needed to develop the educational strategies to strengthen not only theory also practice.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.136-149
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• 2023

Objectives: Facial diagnosis is an important part of clinical diagnosis in traditional East Asian Medicine. In this paper, we proposed a model to quantitatively classify cold sensitivity using a fully automated facial image analysis system. Methods: We investigated cold sensitivity in 452 subjects. Cold sensitivity was determined using a questionnaire and the Cold Pattern Score (CPS) was used for analysis. Subjects with a CPS score below the first quartile (low CPS group) belonged to the cold non-sensitivity group, and subjects with a CPS score above the third quartile (high CPS group) belonged to the cold sensitivity group. After splitting the facial images into train/validation/test sets, the train and validation set were input into a convolutional neural network to learn the model, and then the classification accuracy was calculated for the test set. Results: The classification accuracy of the low CPS group and high CPS group using facial images in all subjects was 76.17%. The classification accuracy by sex was 69.91% for female and 62.86% for male. It is presumed that the deep learning model used facial color or facial shape to classify the low CPS group and the high CPS group, but it is difficult to specifically determine which feature was more important. Conclusions: The experimental results of this study showed that the low CPS group and the high CPS group can be classified with a modest level of accuracy using only facial images. There was a need to develop more advanced models to increase classification accuracy.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.390-396
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• 2024

Vision Transformer (ViT) learns relationships between patches, but it may overlook important features such as color, texture, and boundaries, which can result in performance limitations in fields like medical imaging or facial recognition. To address this issue, this study proposes the Pairwise Attention Reinforcement (PAR) model. The PAR model takes both the training image and a reference image as input into the encoder, calculates the similarity between the two images, and matches the attention score maps of images with high similarity, reinforcing the matching areas of the training image. This process emphasizes important features between images and allows even subtle differences to be distinguished. In experiments using clock-drawing test data, the PAR model achieved a Precision of 0.9516, Recall of 0.8883, F1-Score of 0.9166, and an Accuracy of 92.93%. The proposed model showed a 12% performance improvement compared to API-Net, which uses the pairwise attention approach, and demonstrated a 2% performance improvement over the ViT model.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 1996

The assessment of acrosomal status is important in evaluating the ability of sperm to fertilize the egg. The acrosomal status of sperm from 47 normal volunteers with proven fertility and 167 subfertile men with not to achieve pregnancy for at least 1 year were evaluated with Acrobeads test(FUSO Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd, Japan) using immunobeads coated with MH61 monoclonal antibody, which is specific for acrosome-reacted sperm. The mean${\pm}$SD of acrobeads score in 47 volunteer group was $2.8{\pm}0.7$, of which 46(97.9%)cases were ${\geq}$ 2. The mean${\pm}$SD of acrobeads score in 167 subfertile group was $1.7{\pm}0.8$, of which 73(79.3%)cases were ${\leq}$ 1. The aerobe ads score in subfertile group were significantly lower(r=0.294, p<0.05) than those in volunteer group. In subfertile group, acrobeads score were well correlated with the sperm density and motility(r=0.275, r=0.281, p<0.01), but not with semen volume(r=0.16) and serum hormone level(FSH r=0.084, LH r=0.036, testosterone r=0.058, prolactin r=0.006 and estradiol r=0.060)(p>0.05). Of 63 subfertile cases with normozoospermia, 22(34.9%)cases showed 0 or 1 of acrobeads score, which means to accompany with a functional defect in spite of normal morphology. As a results, Acrobeads test is not only a technically simple sensitive procedure with good reproducibility in evaluating the sperm fertilizing capacity but also an useful in the evaluation of effectiveness in the treatment of infertility and the separation of acrosome-reacted sperm in the assisted reproductive technique.