• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.259-269
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• 1999

최근 초음파속도법과 충격반향기법 등과 같이 탄성파를 이용한 비파괴검사 방법이 콘크리트의 강도나 탄성계수를 결정하는데 유용하게 사용되고 있다. 하지만 탄성파 속도에 영향을 미치는 다양한 인자들이 고려되지 않은 상태에서 비파괴검사가 행해지고 있어 실제로 만족할 만한 결과를 주지 못하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 다양한 영향인자들 중에서 특히 콘크리트의 수분함유량이 종파 속도에 미치는 영향정도를 실험을 통해 조사하였다. 콘크리트 내부의 수분함유량이 감소하면, 즉 콘크리트가 건조해지면 종파 속도는 점점 감소하며, 충격반향기법에 의해 측정된 막대파 속도가 초음파 속도보다 수분의 영향을 더 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기건양생하에서는 재령이 증가함에 따라 수분함유량이 감소하게 되어 콘크리트의 종파 속도는 거의 증가하지 않는 반면에 강도는 점차적으로 증가하는 경향을 보이기 때문에 종파 속도와 콘크리트 강도의 상관관계 설정시 이를 반드시 고려해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 강섬유와 FRP 시트에 의한 충격 저항성능 향상 효과를 평가하기 위하여 고속 충격하중을 받는 2방향 RC 슬래브에 대한 유한요소 해석을 수행하였다. 유한요소 해석 프로그램으로는 충격해석에 탁월하다고 알려진 LS-DYNA를 사용하였으며, 실험결과와의 비교를 위하여 핀란드 VTT 연구소에서 수행한 고속 충격 실험과 동일한 조건으로 해석을 수행하였다. $2100{\times}2100{\times}250$ mm의 RC 슬래브에 강 (steel)발사체를 통해 충격하중을 가하였으며 발사체의 무게는 47.5kg, 속도는 134.9m/s였다. 본 연구에서는 별도의 재료부재에 대한 충격실험을 통해 해석에 사용할 재료 모델을 검증하였다. 본 해석에서는 SFRC의 비선형적 연화 현상을 모사하기 위해 elastic-plastic hydro model을 적용하였으며, 보통콘크리트와 FRP의 재료모델을 모사하기 위해서 concrete damage model과 orthotropic elastic model을 각각 사용하였다. 해석 결과, 제안된 해석 기법은 충분한 신뢰성을 가지고 있으며, 보강 재료와 보강 기법의 유효성을 평가하는데 효과적으로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 강섬유와 FRP Sheets 보강방법은 고속충격하중에서 우수한 충격 저항 성능을 보여주는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1589-1597
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• 1997

The high-velocity impact forging process with eccentric loading condition is analyzed using the explicit time integration finite element method. In order to consider the strain hardening, strain rate hardening and thermal softening effects, which are frequently observed in high-velocity deformation phenomena, the Johnson-Cook constitutive model is applied to model the workpiece. It is assumed that the material response of the dies is elastic in the study. As a result of the eccentric loading simulation, it is found that the increase of the eccentric ratio and the allowable tilting angle cause the decrease of the maximum forging load and the blow efficiency, and it is also found that the forging load and the blow efficiency generated in the high-velocity impact forging process with three-dimensional geometry can be obtained efficiently.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.777-796
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• 2016

In this paper, the behavior of woven E-glass fabric composite laminate was experimentally investigated under quasi-static indentation and high velocity impact by flat-ended, hemispherical, conical (cone angle of $37^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$) and ogival (CRH of 1.5 and 2.5) cylindrical perforators. Moreover, the results are compared in order to explore the possibility of extending quasi-static indentation test results to high velocity impact test results in different characteristics such as perforation mechanisms, performance of perforators, energy absorption, friction force, etc. The effects of perforator nose shape, nose length and nose-shank connection shapes were investigated. The results showed that the quasi-static indentation test has a great ability to predict the high velocity impact behavior of the composite laminates especially in several characteristics such as perforation mechanisms, perforator performance. In both experiments, the highest performance occurs for 2.5 CRH projectile and the lowest is related to blunt projectiles. The results show that sharp perforators indicate lower values of dynamic enhancement factor and the flat-ended perforator represents the maximum dynamic enhancement factor among other perforators. Moreover, damage propagation far more occurred in high velocity impact tests then quasi-static tests. The highest damage area is mostly observed in ballistic limit of each projectile which projectile deviation strongly increases this area.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.851-856
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• 2002

In this study, the property against low velocity of the compesite material, which will be applied a rail vehicle, is shown using experiment and a finite element code. The property can be denoted the resistance of impact force, which is defined by maximum impact force over damage area. A damage propagation model is necessary to estimate accurately the impact property of a composite material through FEM code.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권4A호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2011

RC 슬래브에 배근되는 철근비와 충격체의 충돌속도가 국부손상에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 일련의 충돌해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과, 철근비는 관입깊이 및 관통두께에 별 다른 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 후면 콘크리트의 탈락면적에는 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 충격체의 충돌속도가 증가할수록 철근콘크리트 슬래브의 국부손상 정도는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 해석결과는 격납건물 및 구조물의 내충격설계시 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2013

This study assesses neck injury of occupants in a real traffic accident case that a preceding vehicle moved backward and impacted a parked vehicle at a low velocity. This case is different from a case of whiplash injury caused by rear impact on vehicle. The impact velocity was estimated from damages of the two vehicle bumpers and the displacement of the parked vehicle was also estimated from CCTV images. MADYMO simulation was performed based on the vehicle specifications and investigation report. The comparison of neck flexion moments with the corresponding injury criteria revealed that occupants of the parked vehicle might have hardly neck injury.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1365-1381
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 Kant 등이 제안한 고차판이론의 C연속변위 유한요소 모델을 사 용하여 충격자와 적층판의 저속 충격 응답에 대하여 연구하여 그 결과를 Mindlin의 판 이론에 의한 계산 결과와 비교하고, 경계 조건의 영향 및 충격자의 충격속도, 질량변 화에 대한 접촉력의 변화를 고찰하고자 한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.595-616
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• 2011

Impact experiments have been carried out on concrete slabs. The first group was traditionally manufactured, densely reinforced concrete targets, and the next were ordinary Portland and calcium aluminate cement based HPSFRC (High performance steel fiber reinforced concrete) and SIFCON (Slurry infiltrated concrete) targets. All specimens were hit by anti-armor tungsten projectiles at a muzzle velocity of over 4 Mach causing destructive perforation. In Part I of this article, production and experimental procedures are described. The first group of specimens were ordinary CEM I 42.5 R cement based targets including only dense reinforcement. In the second and third groups, specimens were produced using CEM I 42.5 R cement and Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC40) with ordinary reinforcement and steel fibers 2 percent in volume. In the fourth group, SIFCON specimens including 12 percent of steel fibers without reinforcement were tested. A high-speed camera was used to capture impact and residual velocities of the projectile. Sample tests were performed to obtain mechanical properties of the materials. In the companion Part II of this study, numerical investigations and simulations performed will be presented. Few studies exist that examine high-velocity impact effects on CAC40 based HPSFRC targets, so this investigation gives an insight for comparison of their behavior with Portland cement based and SIFCON specimens.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.395-403
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• 2023

The main objective of this article is to investigate the response of different fiber metal laminates subjected to low velocity impact experimentally and numerically via finite element method (FEM). Hence, two different fiber metal laminate (FML) samples (GLARE/CARALL) are made of 7075-T6 aluminum sheets and polymeric composites reinforced by E-glass/carbon fibers. In order to study the responses to the low velocity impacts, samples are tested by drop weight machine. The projectiles are released from 1- and 1.5-meters height were the speed reaches to 4.42 and5.42 meter per second and the impact energies are measured as 6.7 and 10 Joules. In addition to experimental study, finite element simulation is done and results are compared. Finally, a detailed study on the maximum deflection, delamination and damages in laminates and geometry's effect of projectiles on the laminate response is done. Results show that maximum deflection caused by spherical projectile for GLARE samples is more apparent in comparison with the CARALL samples. Moreover, the maximum deflection of GLARE samples subjected to spherical projectile with 6.7 Joules impact energy, 127% increases in comparison with the CARALL samples in spite of different total thickness.