• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.557-563
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• 2011

본 연구는 길경 사포닌 추출물(PGS)를 이용하여 대식세포의 면역조절능력을 평가하였으며, 탐식작용, 항암작용, 항염증 작용에 모두 유의적인 효과를 나타내었다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 농도의존적으로 매우 유의적이게 나타난 PGS의 항암작용 기전을 측정하기 위하여 암세포 독성 물질로 알려진 NO 분비량을 측정하였으며, PGS에 의해 NO의 생성을 증가함을 확인하였다. 또한, PGS가 NO 생성 억제제 NIL을 함께 처리하였을 때 항암효과가 나타나지 않게 됨을 재확인함으로써, PGS 10 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 나타낸 대식세포의 항암효과는 일부 NO 생성 및 분비에 의한 작용 기전임을 보여주었다. PGS의 면역조절작용 중 항염증효과 실험에서는 PGS가 염증환경에서 과도하게 분비된 NO를 다소 억제하는 경향을 보였으나, 항염증조절에서 대표적인 물질로 알려진 TNF-${\alpha}$ 조절에는 효과를 나타내지 않았다. PGS가 염증환경에서의 TNF-${\alpha}$억제조절에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 TNF-${\alpha}$는 항암물질로도 알려져 있으므로 향후 PGS의 항암효과에 대한 연구에서 TNF-${\alpha}$의 생성에 관한 연구는 NO를 매개하는 항암 효과 외에 다른 기전을 설명해줄 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과들은 PGS가 항암요법의 보조제 및 면역보조제로써의 활용에 개발 가능성이 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2012

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an immune disorder that is becoming increasingly prevalent throughout the world. The exact etiology of AD remains unknown, and a cure for AD is not currently available. The hypothesis that appropriate early microbial stimulation contributes to the establishment of a balanced immune system in terms of T helper type Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cell (Treg) responses has led to the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of AD in light of various human clinical studies and animal experiments. Meta-analysis data suggests that probiotics can alleviate the symptoms of AD in infants. The effects of balancing Th1/Th2 immunity and enhancing Treg activity via the interaction of probiotics with dendritic cells have been described in vitro and in animal models, although such an effect has not been demonstrated in human studies. In this review, we present some highlights of the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in humans and animal studies with regard to their effects on the prevention of AD.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.23.1-23.7
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• 2012

The healing properties of medicinal maggots (larval stage of Lucilia sericata) are widely used in the chirurgical debridement of non-healing wounds including diabetic foot ulcers, venous and pressure ulcers, where classical approaches have failed. Several kinds of wounds are prone to complications coming out of a specific wound bed environment. There are multi-resistant bacterial species present, their pathogenic impact is multiplied by their ability to form a biofilm. Moreover, immunological events in chronic wounds differ from those in acute wounds. Non-healing wounds are cycled in the early inflammation phase with increased levels of inflammation attributes like inflammation cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases produced by inflammation phase cells. Application of larval therapy promotes progress in the healing process to the next stages involving tissue granulation and re-epithelisation. Larval debridement is an effective method of cleaning the wound of cell debris, necrotic tissue and bacterial load. This happens in a mechanical and biological manner, but the whole complex mechanism of the maggot healing activity is still not fully elucidated. Centuries of clinical practice brings noticeable proof of the maggots' beneficial effect in wound healing management. This long history led to the investigation of the bioactive components of the larval body and its extracts in vitro. We introduce a review which describes the immunomodulation impact of maggot body components on the cellular and molecular levels of the wound healing process.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2008

Glehnia littoralis (Umbelliferae), a perennial herb distributed along the coastline of northern Pacific countries, is the medicinal plant used traditionally for treatment of various diseases. This review focuses on the various pharmacological activities of Glehnia littoralis for understanding about its traditional medicinal applications, medicinal uses in the modern society, and potentials for drug development Glehnia littoralis was reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-amnesic, blood circulation-promoting, immunomodulatory, anti-microbial, and allelopathic activities. However, their mechanisms remain to be clarified. Because Glehnia littoralis has been prescribed in traditional Oriental medicine as a tonic herb, Glehnia littoralis can be better than other chemical drugs and medicines which exert the equal pharmacological activities. Although the activities of Glehnia littoralis are not specifically high-potent with unique mode of action, it may turn out that it can be beneficial to exert multiple pharmacological activities. In view of low toxicity, relative cheapness, presence in the diet, and occurrence in various herbal remedies of Glehnia littoralis, it needs to be prudent to evaluate its properties and applications further.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.580-587
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• 2005

New evidence is emerging that airway smooth muscle(ASM) may act as an immunomodulatory cell by providing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, polypeptide growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion receptors and co-stimulatory molecules. ASM can promote the formation of the interstitial extracellular matrix, and potentially contribute to the alterations within the extracellular matrix in asthma. In addition, extracellular matrix components can alter the proliferative, survival, and cytoskeletal synthetic function of ASM cells through integrin-directed signaling. Increased ASM mass is one of the most important features of the airway wall remodeling process in asthma. Three different mechanisms may contribute to the increased ASM mass : cell proliferation, increased migration and decreased rate of apoptosis. The major signaling pathways of cell proliferation activated by ASM mitogens are those dependent on extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphoinositide 3'-kinase. The key signaling mechanisms of cell migration have been identified as the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the p21-activated kinase 1 pathways. ASM cells contain ${\beta}2$-adrenergic receptors and glucocorticoid receptors. They may represent a key target for ${\beta}2$-adrenergic receptor agonist/corticosteroid interactions which have antiproliferative activity against a broad spectrum of mitogens.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4753-4758
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• 2014

In recent times, a number of studies have provided evidence that biotoxins present great potential as antitumor agents, such as snake venom, bee venom, some bacteria toxins and plant toxins, and thus could be used as chemotherapeutic agents against tumors. The biodiversity of venoms and toxins make them a unique source from which novel anticancer agent may be developed. Biotoxins, also known as natural toxins, include toxic substances produced by plants, animals and microorganisms. Here, we systematically list representative biological toxins that have antitumor properties, involving animal toxins, plant toxins, mycotoxins as well as bacterial toxins. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge involving biotoxins and the active compounds that have anti-cancer activity to induce cytotoxic, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and apoptotic effects in different tumor cells in vivo or in vitro. We also show insights into the molecular and functional evolution of biotoxins.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2020

Recently, as a natural substance has been emphasized interest in research to enhance the immune function. Green lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a popular vegetable used fresh and it contains various phytochemicals and antioxidant compounds, and has been reported to have various physiological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor and anti-mutagenic. However, only a few studies have investigated on the mechanism of action of immune-enhancing activity of lettuce. Therefore, in this study, the immunomodulatory activities and potential mechanism of action of Green lettuce extracts (GLE) were evaluated in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. GLE significantly increased NO levels by RAW264.7 cells, as well as expressions of immunomodulators such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and MCP-1. Although GLE activated ERK1/2, p38, JNK and NF-κB, GLE-mediated expressions of immunomodulators was dependent on p38, JNK and NF-κB. In addition, TLR4 inhibition blocked GLE-mediated expressions of immunomodulators and activation of p38, JNK and NF-κB. Taken together, these results demonstrated that TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathways participated in GLE-induced macrophage activation and GLE could be developed as a potential immunomodulating functional food.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2014

Phellinus linteus has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Asian countries and is known to have anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities. However, the protective effects of P. linteus against experimental asthma have not been fully investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether P. linteus ethanol extract (PLE) suppresses inflammatory response in an OVA-induced asthma model. As expected, the oral administration of PLE significantly inhibited eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in OVA-challenged BALB/c mice. Supporting these data, the augmentation of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), eotaxin, and adhesion molecules in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after OVA inhalation was markedly attenuated by PLE. Furthermore, PLE reduced OVA-induced activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and p38 MAPK in lung tissues. Therefore, our results suggest the potential of P. linteus as a therapeutic agent for asthma.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.448-453
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• 2013

CpG-DNA has various immunomodulatory effects in dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages. While induction of cytokines by CpG-DNA has been well documented in macrophages, the expression of costimulatory molecules in CpG-DNA treated macrophages has not yet been defined. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CpG-DNA on the expression of costimulatory molecules in RAW 264.7 cells. The surface expression of CD80 was slightly increased and CD83 expression was significantly increased in response to CpG-DNA. However, the expression of CD86 and MHC class II was not changed. As expression of CD83 mRNA was also increased by CpG-DNA, CD83 expression is regulated at a transcriptional level. To understand the contribution of signaling pathways to CD83 induction, we used pathway specific inhibitors. The NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor significantly reduced surface expression of CD83 as well as phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, CD83 expression may contribute to the immunostimulatory effects of CpG-DNA in macrophage cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1182-1187
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Sojagangqi-tang(SJGQT) on the immune cell activity. The addition of SJGQT enhanced the proliferation of cultured-mice splenocytes and thymocytes. Administration of SJGQT(250 mg/kg) accelerated the subpopulation of splenic T lymphocytes especially CD/sup 4+/-TH cells in BALB/c mice. But high concentration(500 mg/kg) of SJGQT decreased the splenic T, B lymphocytes and thymic Tc (CD/sup 8+/) lymphocytes. Oral administration of SJGQT(250 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the production of IFN-γ and IL-4 in mice serum. And also, the addition of SJGQT(100 ㎍/ml) inhibited the proliferation of cultured-Jurkat leukemia cells in vitro. These results suggest that SJGQT have a cellular immuno-modulatory effect and anti-cancer property action