• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권7호
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• pp.328-338
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• 2021

Humanity has been suffering from the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic that began late in 2019. In 2020, for the first time in history, new vaccine platforms-including mRNA vaccines and viral vector-based DNA vaccines-have been given emergency use authorization, leading to mass vaccinations. The purpose of this article is to review the currently most widely used coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, investigate their immunogenicity and efficacy data, and analyze the vaccine safety profiles that have been published, to date.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.135.3-136
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• 2003

In the present study, type A influenza live virus, NC-22-8, which is a combination of a cold-adapted attenuated donor virus (HTCA-A101) and a wild type virus (A/New Caledonia/20/99), was constructed and the efficacy of this new virus was assessed by immunogenicity and protection tests in the mouse model. NC-22-8 (1'$10^7, 1'10^5, 1'10^3$ pfu/mouse) was intranasally administered to mice. Four weeks later, the titers of specific IgG and haemagglutinin inhibiton (HI) were measured from blood and the titer of secretary IgA (sIgA) was also detected from boncho alveolar lavage (BAL) and mucosal fluid. (omitted)

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2022

Botulinum toxin treatment is the most common non-surgical cosmetic treatment. Although there are many available treatments using botulinum toxin, their effects are temporary and repeated injections are required. These frequent injections can trigger an immunological response. In addition, botulinum toxin acts as an antigen in the body; thus, its effect disappears progressively due to this immunological reaction, which may cause treatment failure. Active botulinum toxin consists of a core neurotoxin and complexing proteins, the exact effects of which remain unclear. However, the complexing proteins are closely related to the immune response and the formation of neutralizing antibodies. Since neutralizing antibodies can lead to treatment failure, their formation should be prevented. Furthermore, various methods of detecting neutralizing antibodies have been used to predict treatment failure.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2003년도 식물바이오벤처 페스티발
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• pp.169-169
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• 2003

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 춘계총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.215.1-215.1
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• 2000

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 1996

The recombinant pseudorabies virus major capsid protein (rMCP) was produced by expression of the MCP gene in Sf-9 cell using baculovirus transfer vector system. Following evaluation of the immunochemical properties of the rMCP, the immunogenicity of the recombinant subunit protiens were investigated in guinea pig and swine to obtain the preliminary guide line for the subunit vaccine using rMCP and gP50. It was proved that ultrasonication and 30% ammonium sulfate was most efficient to concentrate and purify the protein. The rMCP was safe in mice, guinea pigs and piglets. In guinea pigs, rMCP mixed with various adjuvants induced substantial degree of serum neutralizing antibody titers, but revealed incomplete protectivity against challenge. In swine, the combination of rMCP and gP50 showed the higher serum neutralizing antibody titers and cellular immune responses than rMCP alone. However, the protectivity was lower in comparison with the commercial gI-deleted inactivated vaccine. We expect these results to contribute to characterization of MCP gene of Korean isolate of PRV and to ultilize as preliminary information for prodution and evaluation of PRV recombinant subunit vaccines.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2009

Human erythropoietin(EPO) is a glycoprotein that enhances red blood cell production by stimulating proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) suffer from anemia caused by reduced production of EPO in the kidney. Recombinant human EPO protein has been used successfully for the treatment of anemia associated with CKD. Recently, attention has been paid to the development of side effect of EPO, pure red cell aplasia(PRCA), in some patients with CKD. PRCA is a rare disorder of erythropoiesis that leads to a severe anemia due to an almost complete cessation of red blood cell production. EPO-related PRCA is caused by the production of EPO-neutralizing antibodies(Abs) that eliminate the biological activity of EPO as well as endogenous EPO in patients undergoing therapy. Since 1988, almost 200 cases worldwide have been reported with Ab-positive PRCA after receiving EPO therapeutics. The underlying mechanisms of the breaking of immune tolerance to self-EPO have been investigated. Modification of formulation, organic compounds of container closures, and route of administration has been suggested for the possible mechanism of increased immunogenicity of EPO. A number of assays have been used to detect Abs specific to EPO. These assays are generally grouped into two major categories: binding Ab assays and neutralizing Ab assays(bioassays). There are several types of binding Ab assays, including radioimmunoprecipitation assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the BIAcore biosensor assay. In vitro cell-based bioassays have been utilized for the detection of neutralizing Abs. Finally, the recent experience with anti-EPO Abs may have considerable implications for the future development and approval of EPO preparations. Also, considering that millions of patients are being treated with EPO, clinicians need to be aware of signs and consequences of this rare but severe clinical case.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate enhancing the immunogenicity effects of Platycodon grandiflorum(PG) on adaptive immune system. Methods: To investigate the effect of PG as an adjuvant, we used the ovalbumin (OVA) as an antigen at first. The proliferation of lymphocytes, the antibody titer, the subisotypes of antibodies and the production of cytokines were measured. Results: The proliferation of lymphocytes and the antibody titer were increased after PG treatment. The increased subisotypes of antibodies were IgG2 and IgG3 induced from T1-helper cells. However IgE induced from T2-helper cells was decreased. The production of cytokines derived from T1-helper cells was increased but that from T2-helper cells was decreased. Conclusion: It is supposed that PG has an immunogenicity effect as an adjuvant on adaptive immune system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1990

Since the reservoir of leptospires organism is consisted of a broad spectrum of animals, the best method of prevention is vaccination. The clinical trial of leptospires vaccine conducted on human volunteer for its immunogenicity and safety. Summarized results are as following : 1. The Oral temperature among vaccinated group ranged from $36.7{\pm}0.46^{\circ}C\;to\;37.0{\pm}0.34^{\circ}C$, while in placebo injected group it ranged from $36.4{\pm}0.46^{\circ}C\;to\;36.7{\pm}0.53^{\circ}C$. There was no association between vaccination and fever (p>0.05) 2. Mild local reactions revealed in vaccinees were swelling (50-75% ), Redness($75{\sim}90%$), and induration ($25{\sim}40%$). Placebo injected group revealed only redness in 12.5% in 1st injection and 37.5% in second injection. The duration local reactions on injection site for th vaccinees and place groups disappeared within 48 hours. 3. Generalized Symptoms complained by the vaccinees were myalgia (25%), back pain(15%), headache (15%), pruritus(15%), and abdominal pain(10%), whereas placebo group complained of headache (25%), myalgia(12.5%), back pain(12.5%), pain in eyes(12.5%), abdominal pain(12.5%) pruritus (12.5%) and nausea(12.5%). 4. The serological test(MAT) of vaccinees showed geometric mean antibody titer as follows : a. L. icterohemorrhagiae lai 1 week after 1st vaccination : 22.45 1 week after 2nd vaccination : 111.23 3 week after 2nd vaccination : 266.64 b. L. canicola canicola 1 week after 1st vaccination : 24.62 1 week after 2nd vaccination : 123.92 3 week after 2nd vaccination : 276.55 c. L. icterohemorrhagiae copenhageni 1 week after 1st vaccination : 28.28 1 week after 2nd vaccination : 128.55 3 week after 2nd vaccination : 247.88 Whereas all of the place injected group showed below 1:20 titers. The sero-conversion rate of vaccinees were 100 percent.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2013

In the present study, we investigated if priming of autoreactive $CD8^+T$ cells would be inhibited by competitive peptides for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I binding. We used a mouse model of vitiligo which is induced by immunization of $K^b$-binding tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2)-180 peptide. Competitive peptides for $K^b$ binding inhibited IFN-${\gamma}$production and proliferation of TRP2-180-specific $CD8^+T$ cells upon ex vivo peptide restimulation, while other MHC class I-binding peptides did not. In mice, the capability of inhibition was influenced by T-cell immunogenicity of the competitive peptides. The competitive peptide with a high T-cell immunogenicity efficiently inhibited priming of TRP2-180-specific $CD8^+T$ cells in vivo, whereas the competitive peptide with a low T-cell immunogenicity did not. Taken together, the inhibition of priming of autoreactive $CD8^+T$ cells depends on not only competition of peptides for MHC class I binding but also competitive peptide-specific $CD8^+T$ cells, suggesting that clonal expansion of autoreactive T cells would be affected by expansion of competitive peptide-specific T cells. This result provides new insights into the development of competitive peptides-based therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.