• 제목/요약/키워드: Immune challenges

검색결과 63건 처리시간 0.023초

Role of dietary nucleotides to mitigate post-weaning stress in newly weaned pigs

  • Shin, Taeg Kyun;Wickramasuriya, Samiru Sudharaka;Cho, Hyun Min;Kim, Eunjoo;Kim, Younghwa;Park, Juncheol;Macelline, Shemil Priyan;Heo, Jung Min;Yi, Young-Joo
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.477-486
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    • 2017
  • This review provides an overview of dietary nucleotides as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for weaning pigs. Dietary nucleotides are composed of DNA or RNA molecules and are normally contained in protein-rich feed ingredient, brewer's yeast, yeast extract, and milk. Weaning pigs are suffering from several stresses, such as environmental challenges (i.e. crowding, transportation, and feeding). Such stressors can damage the intestinal epithelium and cause an invasion by Escherichia coli, secondary inflammatory responses, and post weaning diarrhea. To overcome weaning disorder, people often use antibiotics which reduce symptoms and boost growth performance. However, since antibiotics were banned due to concerns of antibiotic resistant bacteria, researchers are studying alternative materials to antibiotics. Dietary nucleotides are one of the alternative materials for replacing antibiotics and can be used in abnormal conditions, such as weaning diarrhea, low digestibility, and disease condition. Nucleotides have substances that have important roles in cell division and cell growth, affecting growth performance, intestinal condition, and immunological effect at the weaning stage. However, nucleotides' composition is very different between sources and this aspect makes it difficult to utilize nucleotides at the weaning stage. Therefore, this review paper focuses on i) the characteristics and functions of dietary nucleotides and ii) the effect of dietary nucleotides on the growth performance and immune system of pigs.

Cisplatin을 처리한 뇌세포에서 보혈면역단의 세포방어효과 (Cytoprotective Effects of Bohyulmyunyuk-dan in Cisplatin-treated Brain Cells)

  • 강태희;문구원;문석재;원진희
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.296-302
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    • 2002
  • Bohyulmyunyuk-dan is an Oriental herbal formulation to enhance the general body conditions as well as immune response against both endogenous and exogenous harmful challenges. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Bohyulmyunyuk-dan on the cisplatin-induced toxicity of primary rat astrocytes and C6 glioma cells. After trestment of astrocytes and C6 glioma cells with cisplatin, MTT assay was carried out to measure cytotoxicity of brain cells. To explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity, astrocytes were treated with Bohyulmyunyuk-dan and followed by the addition of cisplatin. Then, the protective effects of Bohyulmyunyuk-dan were investigated in apoptosis signaling pathway. The results were obtained as follows ; Bohyulmyunyuk-dan protected the death of astrocytes by cisplatin, which decreased the viability of astrocytes and C6 glioma cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Bohyulmyunyuk-dan protected the apoptotic death of astrocytes from cisplatin induced cell apoptosis. Bohyulmyunyuk-dan inhitited the activation of caspase-3 and -9 protease in astrocytes by cisplatin. Bohyulmyunyuk-dan inhibited the deavage of PARP in astrocytes by cisplatin. According to above results, Bohyulmyunyuk-dan may prevent brain cells from cytotoxicity induced cell apoptosis induced by chemotherapeatic agents induding displatin.

Immunogenomics approaches to study host innate immunity against intestinal parasites

  • Lillehoj, Hyun S.
    • 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국가금학회 2006년도 제23차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 2006
  • Poultry products including meat and eggs constitute a major protein source in the American diet and disease - causing pathogens represent major challenges to the poultry industry. More than 95 % of pathogens enter the host through the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, digestive and reproductive tracts and over the past few decades, the two main mechanisms used to control diseases have been the use of vaccines and antibiotics. However, in the poultry industry, there are mounting concerns over the ability of current vaccines to adequately protect against emerging hyper - virulent strains of pathogens and a lack of suitable, cost effective adjuvants. Thorough investigation of the immunogenetic responses involved in host-pathogen interactions will lead to the development of new and effective strategies for improving poultry health, food safety and the economic viability of the US poultry industry. In this paper, I describe the development of immunogenomic and proteomic tools to fundamentally determine and characterize the immunological mechanisms of the avian host to economically significant mucosal pathogens such as Eimeria. Recent completion of poultry genome sequencing and the development of several tissue-specific cDNA libraries in chickens are facilitating the rapid application of functional immunogenomics in the poultry disease research. Furthermore, research involving functional genomics, immunology and bioinformatics is providing novel insights into the processes of disease and immunity to microbial pathogens at mucosal surfaces. In this presentation, a new strategy of global gene expression using avian macrophage (AMM) to characterize the multiple pathways related to the variable immune responses of the host to Eimeria is described. This functional immunogenomics approach will increase current understanding of how mucosal immunity to infectious agents operates, and how it may be enhanced to enable the rational development of new and effective strategies against coccidiosis and other mucosal pathogens.

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황화패장, 백화패장의 항천식 작용의 비교연구 (Comparitive study on anti-asthmatic activities of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fischer ex Link and Patrinia villosa Jussieu in a mouse model of asthma)

  • 차종태;이장천;이영철
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 2012
  • Objective : In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological profile of the aqueous extract of $Patrinia$ $scabiosaefolia$ Fischer ex Link (EPS) and $Patrinia$ $villosa$ Jussieu (EPV) for its anti-asthmatic activities. The purpose of this study is to ascertain if EPS result in better anti-asthmatic activities and functional outcome as compared with EPV. Methods : In this study, BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed intratracheally, intraperitoneally, and by aerosol allergen challenges. We investigated the effect of EPS, EPV on the recruitment of pulmonary inflammatory cells, various immune cell phenotypes, Th1/Th2 cytokine gene expression and production and histamine production in serum. Results : In BALB/c mice, we found that EPV-treated groups had more effectively suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration of lung and BALF, B220+IgE+, CD11b+Gr-1+ cell population in lung and these occurred by suppressing the gene expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-4 cytokine production in BALF and serum. Conclusions : These results suggest that EPV may play an important role in the control of anti-asthmatic activities by down-regulation of Th2 cytokine (especially IL-4, IL-5). In general, EPV has shown a better anti-asthmatic activities compared to EPS.

Mannose-binding lectin의 선천성 면역과 질병에 대한 역할 (Roles of Mannose-Binding Lectin on Innate Immunity and Disease)

  • 장호정;박정혜;정경태
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제20권9호
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    • pp.1420-1425
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    • 2010
  • 선천성 면역이란 감염성 질환에 대응하는 분자들의 네트워크가 반응하는 숙주의 첫 번째 방어 메카니즘이다. 간에서 만들어져 혈액에 존재하는 Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)은 선천성 면역에 관여하는 단백질군인 collectin에 속하는 분자로서 감염성 질병을 유발하는 다양한 세균, 바이러스, 효모, 곰팡이 및 원생동물의 표면에 존재하는 특징적인 당쇄를 인식한다. 이런 감염성 인자들의 표면에 드러난 당쇄의 공통적인 패턴을 MBL이 인식하여 자기(self)와 비자기(non-self)를 구분하기 때문에 MBL을 패턴 인식 분자(pattern recognition molecule)라고 한다. MBL은 MBL2 유전자에 의해 만들어지며, MBL2 유전형은 여러 가지 다형성(polymorphisms)이 있는 것으로 나타났다. MBL2 유전자의 변이는 상당히 많은 사람에서 나타나며, MBL 결여의 원인이다. MBL 결여는 감염성 질환에 대한 감수성을 증가시키므로, MBL의 유전적 변이와 임상적 중요성에 대해 많은 연구가 진행 되어져 왔다. 이 총설은 현재 우리가 알고 있는 MBL의 구조와 기능에 대해 전반적으로 논의하고자 한다.

흰쥐 모델에서 공여항원에 감작된 수지상세포가 피부동종이식의 생착에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Donor Antigen-pulsed Dendritic Cells on Survival of Skin Allograft in a Rat Model)

  • 은석찬;김병준;김진희;허찬영;백롱민;장학;민경원
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.367-372
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: Prevention of acute rejection in skin allografts without continuous immunosuppression lacks reports in worldwide literature. Needs for chronic immunosuppression preclude the use of tissue allograft as a routine surgical reconstructive option. Recently dendritic cells(DC) gained considerable attention as antigen presenting cells that are also capable of immunologic tolerance induction. This study assesses the effects of alloantigen-pulsed dendritic cells in induction of survival increase in a rat skin allograft model. Methods: Recipient-derived dendritic cells were harvested from rat whole blood and cultured with GM-CSF(200 ng/mL) and IL-4(8 ng/mL) for 2 weeks. Then donor-specific alloantigen pulsed dendritic cells were reinjected into tail vein before skin graft. The rat dorsal skin allografts were transplanted in 5 subgroups. Groups: I) untreated, II) anti-lymphocyte serum(ALS, 0.5 mL), III) FK-506(2 mg/kg), IV) DCp, VI) DCp and FK-506. Graft appearance challenges were assessed postoperatively. Results: The group V(DC and FK-506 treated) showed longest graft survival rate(23.5 days) than other groups; untreated(5.8 days), ALS(7.2 days), FK-506 (17.5 days), DCp(12.2 days). Conclusion: Donor antigen pulsed host dendritic cell combined with short-term immunosuppression prolong skin allograft survival and has potential therapeutic application for induction of donor antigen specific tolerance.

돌돔(Oplegnathus fasciatus)으로부터 Metallothionein 유전자 Isoform들의 분리 및 발현 특징 분석 (Isolation and mRNA Expression of Metallothionein Isoforms from Rockbream Oplegnathus fasciatus)

  • 이상윤;남윤권
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.126-140
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    • 2011
  • Genetic determinants of two metallothionein isoforms (MT-A and MT-B) were isolated and characterized from the perciform species, rockbream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). Rockbream MT-A and MT-B shared a high degree of homology at amino acid levels with representative orthologs from other perciform species, especially with respect to the conserved cysteine residues. At the genomic level, both MT-A and MT-B genes represent a tripartite structure typical of vertebrate MT genes. However, rockbream MT-B showed unusually large introns (1.2 kb and 0.8 kb for intron I and II, respectively), a phenomenon that has rarely been seen in other vertebrate MT genes. MT-A and MT-B transcripts were ubiquitously detected in a wide array of tissues, wherein brain and eye showed the highest basal expression levels, and the fin exhibited the lowest expression of both isoforms. The basal expression of MT-A in most tissues was significantly higher (ranging from 4- to 10-fold) than that of MT-B. Upon heavy metal exposures to Cd, Cu or Zn at 25 ppb for 48 h, MT-A and MT-B transcripts in the liver were significantly activated by Cd and moderately by Zn. On the other hand, exposure to Cu did not result in alterations of MT-A, nor in the significant suppression of MT-B. Following bacterial challenges with Escherichia coli, Edwardsiella tarda or Streptococcus iniae, MT isoforms in the liver, kidney and spleen were highly modulated and exhibited a pattern that was dependent on the bacterial species, tissues and isoforms. These results suggest that the two MT isoforms could be taken into account as potential indicators of metal toxicity and immune perturbations of this aquaculture-relevant species.

Protective Antitumor Activity through Dendritic Cell Immunization is Mediated by NK Cell as Well as CTL Activation

  • Kim, Kwang-Dong;Kim, Jin-Koo;Kim, Se-Jin;Choe, In-Seong;Chung, Tae-Hwa;Choe, Yong-Kyung;Lim, Jong-Seok
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.340-347
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    • 1999
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) capable of inducing the primary T cell response to antigen. Although tumor cells express target antigens, they are incapable of stimulating a tumor-specific immune response due to a defect in the costimulatory signal that is required for optimal activation of T cells. In this work, we describe a new approach using tumor-DC coculture to improve the antigen presenting capacity of tumor cells which does not require a source of tumor-associated antigen. Immunization of a weakly immunogenic and progressive tumor cocultured with none marrow-derived DCs generated an effective tumor vaccine. Immunization with the cocutured DCs was able to induce complete protectiv immunity against tumor challenges and was effective for the induction of tumor-specific CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) activity. Furthermore, high NK cell activity was observed in mice in which tumors were rejected. In addition, immunization with tumor-pulsed DC s induced delayed tumor growth, but not tumor eradication in tumor-bearing mice. Our results demonstrate that coculture of DCs with tumors generated antitumor immunity due to the NK cell activation as well as tumor-specific T cell. This approach would be used for designing tumor vaccines using DCs when the information about tumor antigens is limited.

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전송선의 크로스토크를 이용한 물리적복제방지기능(PUF) 구현 (Implementation of Physical Unclonable Function(PUF) using Transmission Line Crosstalks)

  • 이관희;김승열;조경록;유영갑
    • 전자공학회논문지
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    • 제50권5호
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 2013
  • 본 논문은 인접한 전송선에서 크로스토크의 크기가 임의의 값을 갖는 것을 이용한 PUF 회로를 제안한다. 기존의 PUF는 동작전압과 온도변화와 같은 환경변화에 따라 출력 값이 일정하지 않기 때문에 신뢰성이 보장되지 않는다. 제안된 PUF는 세 개의 전송선으로 구성되고 두 개의 크로스토크를 발생시킨다. 각각의 전송선에서 발생되는 크로스토크의 크기는 서로 다른 임의의 값을 갖는다. 제안된 회로는 전송선간에 발생되는 각각의 크로스토크의 크기가 서로 다르고 그 크기는 항상 일정한 값을 갖고 크로스토크의 특성으로 동작전압과 온도변화와 같은 환경변화에 강하다. 따라서 제안된 PUF 회로는 요청된 값에 대해 신뢰성 있는 응답 값을 제공한다. 이 회로는 인증 및 암호화 등의 보안시스템에 활용 될 수 있다.

백개자, 나복자 및 두 배합 약물의 천식 동물 모델에 대한 효과 (The Effects of Sinapis Semen, Raphani Semen, and mixture decoction on the Asthmatic Mouse Model)

  • 김창민;이영철;이장천
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : To clarify the possible effects of Sinapis Semen and Raphani Semen on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation in a asthmatic mouse model. Methods : BALBav/c mice were sensitized to OVA followed intratracheally and by aerosol allergene challenges. We investigated the effect of Sinapis Semen and Raphani Semen on airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophiic infitratio, immune cell phenotype, The2 cytokine product, and OVA-spedific IgE production. Results : Total lung cells, eosinophils, and lung leukocytes, OVA specific IgE levels, and Th 2cytokine levels such as IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-alpha, and eotaxin in BALF were reduced compared with those of OVA sensitized asthma mice (control). The absolute numbers of $CD3^+$, $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD3^-/CCR3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+$, $B220^+/CD22^+$, $B220^+/IgE^+$ cells in lung tissiues significantly reduced compared to those of control. Specially total lung cells in BALF and the absolute number of $CD3^+/CD69^+$ and, $B220^+/IgE^+$ cells in lung tissiue effectively reduced in Sinapis Semen plus Raphani Semen compared to those of Sinapis Semen and Raphani Semen. Conclusions : These results indicate that Sinapis Semen plus Raphani Semen has deep inhibitory effects on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in asmatic mouse model and also has effect of suppression of IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, OVA specific IgE production in BALF. The results verified that Sinapis Semen, Raphani Semen, and Sinapis Semen plus Raphani Semen could act as a immunomodulator which possess anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic property by modulating the relationship of Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance.