• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2013

Nowadays, it seems like that the concept of the early loading protocol has been intruded between the concept of the immediate loading supported by advanced clinicians and the concept of the conventional loading supported by the prudent clinicians. In particular, the stability dip, which is found to occur usually at 4~6 weeks after dental implant placement because the decrease of the primary mechanical stability is not compensated by the increase of the secondary biologic stability, is frequently pointed out as one of the major causes of early loading failure. In this article, based on our recent clinical investigation about the crestal bone preservation effect of the early loaded NanoTite$^{TM}$ Tapered Certain Prevail$^{(R)}$ (Biomet 3i, USA), the concept of the early loading is revisited. In addition, various methods to overcome the stability dip are reviewed as the oral and maxillofacial surgeon's view point.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.276-279
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• 2009

The aim of this case study was to report the clinical outcome of immediate provisionalization using one-piece narrow diameter (3.0mm) implants in missing maxillary lateral or mandibular incisors. The present study included 36 patients who were treated with 62 one-piece narrow diameter implants. After implant placement, immediate provisional restorations were delivered. All implants showed favorable osseointegration and after progressive loading from 3 months to 9 months (average of 5 months), final restorations were completed without failure in all cases. A survival rate of 100 % (62 of 62) was observed up to 23 months of observation (average of 12.6 months).

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2008

본 연구는 미니 임플란트 식립 후 교정력 부하시기와 관련하여 임플란트 주위골의 치유과정을 조사하였다. 성견 8마리의 하악 협측골에 교정용 미니 임플란트(ORLUS, Ortholution CO, Korea) 48개를 식립한 후 교정력을 주지 않은 대조군과 식립 후 즉시 교정력을 준 즉시 부하군, 그리고 식립 후 3주간의 치유기간을 두고 교정력을 준 지연 부하군으로 나누어 각각의 군에 대해 3주, 6주, 12주가 경과된 시점에 임플란트 주위골의 변화를 조직 계측학적으로 관찰하였다. 골 접촉률은 즉시 부하군에서 시기에 따른 유의한 변화가 없었으며 지연 부하군은 3주에 비해 12주에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 각 시점에서 군간의 골 접촉률을 비교했을 때 12주째 지연 부하군이 즉시 부하군 보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 골 면적비율은 즉시 부하군의 경우, 시기에 따른 유의한 변화가 없었으며, 지연 부하군과 대조군은 6주에 비해 12주째 유의한 증가를 보였으며 (p<0.05), 12주째 실험군 간에 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다(p>0.05). 동요도는 12주째 즉시 부하군과 지연 부하군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 위의 결과에서 즉시 부하가 self drilling형 미니 임플란트 주위골의 안정성에 부정적인 영향을 주지 않았으므로 식립 즉시 교정력을 부여하여 사용하는 데 임상적으로 문제가 없을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2003

This investigation aimed to determine the relative merit of osseointegration in immediate and delayed implantation in the dog mandible using radiography and bone scintigraphy. five adult mongrel dogs with a mean weight of 8.5 kg were used in this investigation. During the entire study period. all dogs were fed with a soft commercial diet and water ad libitum to minimize functional loading of the implant. Twenty titanium alloy systems 4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length blasted with calcium phosphate were prepared for insertion. The second and third left mandibular premolars in each dog were extracted for the delayed implant insertion. Twelve weeks later, the second and third right mandibular premolars were extracted for the immediate implant insertion. Before the delayed and immediate implantation procedures and 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the insertions, radiography and bone scintigraphy were conducted. Bone scans were obtained using a large field of view gamma camera equipped with a collimator about 3 hours after intravenous injection of Tc-99m-MDP to the dogs. All the dogs were evaluated weekly for inflammation, necrosis, and other of the bone or sort tissue. Significant macroscopic lesions were not detected. Radioisotope scintigraphy with Tc-99m-MDP hat proved to be a reliable method for measuring increased bone activity at specific skeleton tissue sites. In conclusion, osseointegration in peri-implant bone did not differ significantly between the immediate and delayed implant procedures during the experimental period. The immediate implant may be an alternative treatment of implant insertion in animals.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.255-264
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• 1997

The conventional osseointegration protocol calls for waiting up to 12 months for ossification of an extraction socket to heal before placing an endosseous implant. In this study, the possibility of placing a pure titanium implant directly into an extraction socket immediately after extraction was investigated. And the marginal bone loss of immediate nonsubmerged and submerged endosseous dental implants placed into extraction sockets was also compared. Pure titanium Nobelpharma Branemark implants and solid screw type ITI implants were placed into premolar extraction sockets of two adult dogs and allowed to heal for a period of 3 months, followed by functional loading of the implant. Radiographic examination was performed before implantation, immediately after implantation and 3, 6, 9, 12 months after implantation. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Immediately placed nonsubmerged ITI implants and submerged Branemark implants showed favorable radiographic osseointegration status and there were minimum marginal bone loss. 2. There were no significant differences in radiographic finding of osseointegration between conventional and immediate implantation. 3. Gingival tissue around implants showed more inflammatory signs than that of adjacent natural teeth. This study suggest that pure titanium Branemark implants and submerged ITI implants have the potential to integrate when placed immediatly after extraction of the teeth and warrants further investigation.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2014

통상적인 임플란트 치료는 식립 후 약 3 - 5개월 뒤 임플란트 상부 보철물을 제작한다. 이러한 치료과정의 단점으로는 환자가 임플란트 식립 후 보철물이 장착되는 최종 치료 시점까지의 기간 동안 유지력과 저작능력이 떨어지는 임시의 치를 사용하여 생활해야 한다는 것이다. 최근의 임플란트 식립 후 즉시 부하 보철물 치료는 시술 적응증에 따른 제한이 있긴 하지만, 잦은 치과 방문이 어렵고 진료에 대한 협조도가 낮은 정신적, 신체적 장애 환자들에게 더욱 유용하다고 생각된다. 본 증례에서는 삼차원 컴퓨터 유도 수술법을 이용한 임플란트 식립 후 즉시 부하 보철치료를 정신지체장애 환자에서 시행하였으며, 시술 후 좋은 경과를 보였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2011

연구 목적: 양악 총의치를 사용 중인 환자를 대상으로 하악에 4개의 작은 직경의 임플란트를 식립하여 implant supported overdenture로 전환 시 환자의 만족도 (저작, 유지, 발음, 심미, 사회적 문제, 심리적 문제)를 평가하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 60세 이상의 완전 무치악 환자 중 상하악 총의치를 장착한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 수술 전에 진단 스텐트를 이용한 방사선 사진 (CT, panorama) 촬영을 시행하고 현재 사용하고 있는 의치에 대한 만족도에 대해 조사하였다. 그 후 하악 이공 전방부에 4개의 mini dental implant 식립 및 immediate loading 후 방사선 사진 촬영을 하였다. 식립 1달 후와 3달 후에 방사선 사진을 촬영하였으며 수술 전과 동일한 설문지를 통한 overdenture 사용 시 만족도 조사하였다. 결과: 현재 9명의 환자를 대상으로 시행하였다. 1. 총 36개의 임플란트를 식립하였으며 이중 1개의 임플란트가 실패하여 97.2%의 생존률을 보였다. 2. 임플란트 식립 전, 후 만족도 비교는 oral health impact profile 49를 이용한 설문 조사를 통해 이루어 졌다. 저작 시 불편감, 유지, 발음, 심미, 사회적 활동시 불편감, 심리적 불편감 등으로 비교 분석하였으며 5점 기준으로 불편감이 심할 수록 낮은 점수를 부여하였다. 그 결과 전반적으로 만족도가 상승하였다. 그 중 유지력 면에서 가장 크게 만족도가 상승하였으며 사회활동시 불편감, 심리적 불편감, 저작시 불편감, 심미, 발음 순으로 개선되었다. 결론: 이번 연구를 통하여 mini dental implant를 이용한 의치를 사용시 환자의 만족도가 높아진 것을 볼 수 있었다. 추 후 좀 더 많은 환자를 통해 장기간 연구를 할 예정이며 추가적인 방사선 사진을 촬영하여 임플란트 주위 골 소실 여부를 관찰할 예정이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2004

A low molecular weight component named bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) chemically isolated from the organic matrix of bone, induce postfetal connective tissue cells surrounding small blood vessels to differentiate into cartilage and bone. The end product of BMP is a spherical ossicle of lamella bone filled with red bone marrow for the functional loading. This is a important point that the graft material is embedded the defect site during the implant surgery. Because present knowledge of the relationship between BMP and bone regeneration arises mainly from studies of induced bone formation in heterotopic sites, it would be helpful to determine whether BMP plays any part in the process of bone healing. The BMPs have been shown to play crucial roles in normal skeletal development as well as bone healing and are able to activate transcription of genes involved in cellular migration, proliferation, and differentiation. The delivery of BMP on matrices has been efficacious in the treatment of defect bone in implant surgery. The purpose of the histologic study was to evaluate the effect of DLB(demineralized lyophilized bone) coated with purified human BMP(hBMP-I) in immediate implant surgery with bony defect to obtain the functional structure of implant asap. The ability of a graft of hBMP-I to accelerate bony defect repair provides a rationale for its use in immediate implant surgery that have large bone defect in edentulous area.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of implant tilting and the loading direction on the displacement and micromotion (relative displacement between the implant and bone) of immediately loaded implants by in vitro experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Six artificial bone blocks were prepared. Six screw-type implants with a length of 10 mm and diameter of 4.3 mm were placed, with 3 positioned axially and 3 tilted. The tilted implants were $30^{\circ}$ distally inclined to the axial implants. Vertical and mesiodistal oblique ($45^{\circ}$ angle) loads of 200 N were applied to the top of the abutment, and the abutment displacement was recorded. Nonlinear finite element models simulating the in vitro experiment were constructed, and the abutment displacement and micromotion were calculated. The data on the abutment displacement from in vitro experiments and FEA were compared, and the validity of the finite element model was evaluated. Results: The abutment displacement was greater under oblique loading than under axial loading and greater for the tilted implants than for the axial implants. The in vitro and FEA results showed satisfactory consistency. The maximum micromotion was 2.8- to 4.1-fold higher under oblique loading than under vertical loading. The maximum micromotion values in the axial and tilted implants were very close under vertical loading. However, in the tilted implant model, the maximum micromotion was 38.7% less than in the axial implant model under oblique loading. The relationship between abutment displacement and micromotion varied according to the loading direction (vertical or oblique) as well as the implant insertion angle (axial or tilted). Conclusions: Tilted implants may have a lower maximum extent of micromotion than axial implants under mesiodistal oblique loading. The maximum micromotion values were strongly influenced by the loading direction. The maximum micromotion values did not reflect the abutment displacement values.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival and success rates of Korean Osstem implants US II Plus, GS II following loading period. Materials and Methods: Dental records were obtained in total 201 patients who were treated with Korean Osstem implants US II Plus, GS II on both maxillary and mandibular anterior and posterior areas in six different clinics for 2 years from January 2007 to December 2008. Total 430 implants were evaluated clinically and radiographically using predefined success criteria prospectively and following results were obtained. Result: US II Plus, GS II implants showed high survival rates of more than 99% and high success rates more than 90% independent of loading period. As a result of cross analysis to evaluate clinical significance between implant loading period and success rate, the P-value of US II Plus was 0.10 (P>0.05), and the P-value of GS II was 0.17 (P>0.05), which showed no statistical significance. Bone quality, smoking, and edentulous state are factors that can affect the survival and success rates following differently loaded implants, but did not significantly affect in this study. Conclusion: These results suggest that selection of loading period of Korean Osstem implants US II Plus, GS II would be done carefully considering implant install area, the quality alveolar bone, the state of edentulous ridge and experience of operator, though they showed clinically good results on both maxillary and mandibular anterior and posterior areas.