• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.79-81
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• 1991

On May 23, 1990, an acute self-limited gastrointestinal illness was reported by twenty-seven persons. They were some of the employees and family members who attended a company open house picnic in Bergen County, New Jersey. Food questionnaires implicated that ziti was the vehicle of transmission (chi square 9.05). Median incubation period was 9.0 hours, and the median duration of illness 24 hours Clostridium perfringens organisms and enterotoxin were isolated from stool samples.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing Symptoms of Stress in patients with chronic illness. Method: Data were collected by questionnaires from 1,748 patients with chronic disease in General Hospital in Seoul. Chronic diseases of were cardiac disease including hypertension, peptic ulcer, pulmonary disease included COPD and asthma, DM, and chronic kidney disease. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Result: 1. The level of symptoms of stress was moderate(M=2.17). 2. The score of symptoms of stress showed significantly positive correlation with the score of mood state(r=.58, p=.00), perceived stress(r=.57, p=.00), and ways of coping(r=.33, p=.00). The symptoms of stress showed significantly negative correlation with the score of social support(r=-.37, p=.00) and self-esteem(r=-.19, p=.00). 3. The most powerful predictor of symptoms of stress was mood state and the variance explained was 34%. A combination of mood state, ways of coping, perceived stress, social support, and duration of illness account for 45% of the variance in symptoms of stress of the patients with chronic illness. Conclusion: This study suggest that mood state, ways of coping, perceived stress, and social support are significantly influencing factors on symptoms of stress of the patients with chronic illness.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose this research was to provide with basic data in the control of the fatiguer found in the patients with fibromyalgia by analysing the factors that predict that. Method: At three university medical center, appointed 245 out-patients diagnosed of fibromyalgia according to the conditions by American College of Rheumatology (1990). The research instruments used in this study were graphic rating scale(Anxiety, sleep disturbance, pain, joint stiffness and depression), physical activity, the number of tender points, life satisfaction and Self-efficacy scale. In data analysis, SPSS 12.0 program was utilized and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Result: The factors that predict the fatigue of patients with fibromyalgia were sleep disturbance, life satisfaction, pain, joint stiffness, illness duration, and anxiety which explained 50.1% of the fatigue. Conclusion: It has been confirmed that the regression equation model of this research may serve as a fatigue prediction factors in patients with fibromyalgia.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2000

This study was conducted to provide the data for the improvement of cerebral ischemia patient nursing services through the investigation of burden and hospital service satisfaction by family caregivers who were nursing the cerebral ischemia inpatients. The study subjects consisted of 125 family caregivers who were enrolled in four university hospitals with over 300 beds and one Chinese medicine hospital with over 100 beds. The Data were collected from all of the personal subjects using standardized questionnaires by interview from March 1 to March 30 in 2000. Data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA. Scheffe's multiple comparison, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of burden felt by family caregivers who were nursing the stroke patient was 2.18. In relation to the characteristics of patients, higher scores were shown in male patients who were over 80 years old, and patients who had from 4 to 12 days care giving, over three month duration of admission, from one month to three month duration of illness. The burden felt by family caregivers revealed higher score of dependency in the Activities of Daily Living. 2. The mean score of hospital service satisfaction perceived by family caregivers was 3.35. The highest hospital service satisfaction score was shown in female caregivers, and caregivers whose patients graduated from element school, and treatment method was Chinese medicine, the duration of admission was under 1 month. As a result. the family caregivers' burden was seemed to be high when the patients who were old, male and as care giving time, duration of admission, duration of illness were getting longer. In conclution, hospital service satisfaction was good, but the satisfaction was tend to decrease that family caregivers who were male, higher education background and duration of patients' admission getting longer.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to explore the level of children's anxiety related to disease characteristics The subjects of this study were 72 childrens (6year-10 year) who were admitted to the pediatric wards at University Hospital and 24 healthy children, and 24 mothers of children with fatal & chronic illness. The data were collected with sarason's Anxiety scale for children & spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory for mothers and analyzed of One way Anova, Duncun Test, Pearson correlation, and T-test. The results of this study were as follows : 1) There was significant difference in children's anxiety related to disease characteristics(P<0.01) Fatally ill children showed highest level of anxiety and chronically, acutely ill children in order. And there was no significant difference in anxiety between acutely ill children and healthy children. There was significant difference in anxiety between groups of ill and healthy children(P<0.01) .The anxiety of ill children was higher than that of healthy children. 2) There was no significant correlation between children's anxiety and their age. 3) There was no significant difference in children's anxiety related to frequency of hospital admission. 4) There was significant correlation between children's anxiety and duration of illness(P<0.01). The longer the duration of illness is, the higher children's anxiety is. 5) There was significant difference in mothers' anxiety between groups of fatally ill and chronically ill children(P<0.05). The anxiety of mothers of fatally ill children was higher than that of mothers of chronically ill children. 6) There was no significant correlation between children's anxiety of fatal and chronic illness and their mothers' anxiety.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was to develop a stress-adaptation model for family caregivers of cancer patients that could provide the basis of planning nursing intervention. Method: A hypothetical model was developed using the family adaptation model proposed by Haley et al. (1987). In the literature, the stressor was identified as patient's characteristics, caregiver's characteristics, duration of illness, and family life events. It affected stress appraisal, family resources, family coping and finally caregiver's adaptation. In this model, 18 paths were constructed. Data were collected from 241 caregivers, whose family members were in treatment between June and August 2000, at 3 university hospitals and were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL programs. Results: 1) The overall fitness indices of the hypothetical model were x 2=267.78 (P= .0), GFI= .92, AGFI= .87, NFI= .93, NNFI= .93, PNFI= .64, PGFI= .55, and RMR= .43. Ten of the eighteen paths proved to be significant. 2) To improve the model fitness, the hypothetical model was modified considering modification indices and the paths proved not significant. Final model excluded 3 paths demonstrated to be improved by x2=161.96 (P= .00), GFI= .95, AGFI= .91, NFI= .96, NNFI= .96, and RMR= .23. Twelve of fifteen paths proved to be significant. 3) Stress appraisal was influenced by disease related characteristics and duration of illness and was explained 22% of the variance. Family resources were influenced by stress appraisal and was explained 57% of variance. Family coping was influenced by disease related characteristics, caregiver's characteristics, duration of illness, family life event, and stress appraisal and was explained 57% of variance. Family caregiver adaptation was influenced by disease related characteristics, caregiver's characteristics, stress appraisal, and family coping and was explained 31% of variance. Twelve of fifteen paths were significant. Conclusion: Based on this study, to help family caregivers to adapt, individual intervention is necessary with consideration of disease related and caregiver's characteristics and duration of illness. The intervention should include efforts to raise the family resources and to identify positively the stress they encounter, and there is a need to establish an adaptation model that considers emotional aspects of family caregivers. Since there is a difference in emotional status depending on the disease stage, a study needs to be done to analyze the differences among the disease stages (diagnosis, treatment, recurrence, and terminal stages).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate hematologic features in Korean children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in order to determine appropriate management strategies. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the complete blood count (CBC) profiles and assessed the incidence of anemia in 25 children with IBD (Crohn disease, 16; and ulcerative colitis, 9). The correlation between hemoglobin (Hb) and duration of illness and the activity index of IBD were also investigated. Results: The incidence of anemia was 76% in IBD, 88% in Crohn disease, and 56% in ulcerative colitis. Leukocytosis and thrombocytosis were only found in Crohn disease (56% and 25%, respectively). No statistically significant correlation was observed between Hb and duration of illness in Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis or between Hb and the activity index in Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Conclusion: The incidence of anemia found in this study was slightly higher than in previous reports. Additionally, there was no correlation between Hb and the duration of illness or the activity index. Therefore, even if the duration of illness is short, or the activity index is low, appropriate management of children with IBD should include careful evaluation for anemia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 1982

The main purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes toward mental illness and the mentally ill of psychiatric nurses in Korea and to identify the relationships between the nurses' attitudes and demographic variables. Subjects in this study were 122 psychiatricnurses and 111non-psychiatric nurses in active service at 12 hospitals in Seoul. The insrtument used for measuring attitudes was a questionaire developed by Cohen and Struening (1962) referred to as the“Opinions about Mental illness(OMI) Scale”made up to 51 Likert-type items. The findings of this study indicated hatnurses showed negative attitudetoward mental illness and the mentally ill: Very high on social restrictiveness (factor D), low on Mental Health Ideology (factor C), and Interpersonal Etiology (factor E). Since the high score on Factor A, B and the low score on Factor B, C, E reflect a negative altitudes toward mental illness, this study population related extremely negative attitudes compared to any other surveys. And of the demographic variables that related to their attitudes the education degree and the kind of the hospital in active service showed very significant differences. On the basis of the investigation the findings indicated the followings; 1) Althohg attitudes toward mental illness and the mentally ill of psychiatric nurses were not significant differences from non-psychatric nurses, there was a trend that attitudes of psychaitric nurses did show more negative responses rather than those of non-psychiatric nurses. 2) Demographic variables that relate to their attitudes on the OMI scale were the education degree of the respondent and the kind of their hospital in active service. 3) About attitudes toward mental illness and the mentally ill baccalaureate nursesshowed more positive attitudes in Factor A (Authoritarianism), Factor C (Mental Health Ideology) and Factor D (Social Restrictiveness) than diploma program murses. 4) Nurses in active Service in the private hospital revealed more positive attitudes(A,B,C,D) except Factor (E) than those in the national or public hospital. 5) The ages, duration of work, wanted or unwantedG roup of psychiatric ward and satisfactory level of psychiatric nursing service were non-significant.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-25
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• 1998

Rheumatoid arthritis, unlike other chronic diseases, causes the patients to experience uncertainty in their daily lives and thus to feel threat on their emotional comfort because of inconsistent and unpredictable symptoms such as pain. Therefore, a theoretical framework is needed for explanation of uncertainty in patients having rheumatoid arthritis. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of Mishel's Uncertainty Theory and other literature review. The model included 9 theoretical concepts and 19 paths. Subjects of the study constituted 330 partients who visited outpatient clinics of two university hospitals and one general hospital in Seoul. Self report questionnaires were used to measure the variables affecting uncertainty. Reliability coefficients of these instruments were found Cronbach's Alpha=$.70{\sim}.94$. In data analysis, SAS program and PC-LISREL 8.03 computer program were utilized for descriptive statistics and covariance structure analysis. The results of covariance structure analysis for model fitness were as follows : 1) Hypothetical model showed a good fit to the empirical data : Chi-square($X^2$)=41.81 (df=11, P=.000), Goodness of Fit Index=.974, Root Mean Square Residual=.049, Normed Fit Index=.928, Non Normed Fit Index=.814. 2) For the validity and the parcimony of model, a modified model was constructed by appending 2 paths and deleting 5 paths according to the criteria of statistical significance and meaningfulness. 3) The results of hypothesis testing were as follows : (1) Educational level, event familiarity and severity of illness had a direct effect on uncertainty : Event congruency had both direct and indirect effect on uncertainty : Credible authority and symptom consistency had a nonsignificant direct effect on uncertainty, (2) Illness duration, symptom consistency, and event congruency had a direct effect on severity of illness ; Credible authority had a both direct and indirect effect on severity of illness ; Event congruency had the greatest effect on severity of illness, and event familiarity had a nonsignificant direct effect on severity of illness.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1977

This study was made with 1394 clinical records obtained by a mobile charity health team in a rural Korea for 10 days from July 23 to Aug. 1, 1977 to see the disease pattern of the rural population in Korea. The health team consisted of 7 physicians in different clinical departments of the St. Mary's Hospital tried to cover as many as patients in that area by giving full informations and instructions before starting health services. which supposed to minimize the omissions of patients visits in that area. The proportion of each disease as well as its order in terms of the number of patients was reviewed by matching with age and sex distribution of patients, and with the duration of illness (complaints). Major findings obtained in this analysis were as follows; 1. Among 1394 patients, 536 (38.5%) was male and 858(61.5%) was female. As to the age distribution of the patients. those who are in the age group of 10-19 showed the highest proportion of 15.6% and those who are in the age group of 5-9 and 40-49 was the next with the proportion of 15.4% and 15.2% respectively. 2. The most prevalent cause of general morbidity were diseases of digestive system, diseases of nervous system and sensory organs, diseases of respiratory system, and diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue in order. And their proportions among all patients were 21.8%, 20.7%, 14.5%, and 12.4% in respectively. The order of the diseases ranked by the number of patiens was slightly different in female population from that of total population, i. e. diseases of nervous system and sensory organs was the first. diseases of digestive system was the second, and the diseases of circulatory system was the third. 3. 23.2% of all patients were found to have had symptoms relating to their illness for more or less 5 years, and 18.3%, for more or less 6 months. Looking at the duration of illness by diseases, 28.6% of digestive tract disease patients and had the relating symptoms for about 1 week while 24.3% had had the symptoms for about 5 years, and in diseases of nervous system and and sensory organs, many(33.7%) had had symptoms for relatively long period (more than one year). On the other hand, in diseases of respiratory system, those who had had the relating symptoms for about 1 month was 24.3 % among all patients in this category and those who had had the symptoms for less than 1 week was 32.2%. 4. The duration of illness (complaints) was longer in females than in males and shorter in younger age groups than in older age groups.