• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.84-91
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• 2005

We measured the pitch of one-dimensional (ID) grating specimens using a metrological atomic force microscope (M-AFM). The ID grating specimens a.e often used as a magnification standard in nano-metrology, such as scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thus, we need to certify the pitch of grating specimens fur the meter-traceability in nano-metrology. To this end, an M-AFM was setup at KRISS. The M-AFM consists of a commercial AFM head module, a two-axis flexure hinge type nanoscanner with built-in capacitive sensors, and a two-axis heterodyne interferometer to establish the meter-traceability directly. Two kinds of ID grating specimens, each with the nominal pitch of 288 nm and 700 nm, were measured. The uncertainty in pitch measurement was evaluated according to Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. The pitch was calculated from 9 line scan profiles obtained at different positions with 100 ㎛ scan range. The expanded uncertainties (k = 2) in pitch measurement were 0.10 nm and 0.30 nm for the specimens with the nominal pitch of 288 nm and 700 nm. The measured pitch values were compared with those obtained using an optical diffractometer, and agreed within the range of the expanded uncertainty of pitch measurement. We also discussed the effect of averaging in the measurement of mean pitch using M-AFM and main components of uncertainty.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2017

Background: Recently symptoms-based screening questionnaires have gained attention for screening for a neuropathic pain component (NePC) in various chronic pain conditions. The present study assessed the usefulness of four commonly used NePC screening questionnaires including the Self-completed douleur neuropathique 4 (S-DN4), the ID Pain, the painDETECT questionnaire (PDQ), and the Self-completed Leeds Assessment of neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) questionnaire in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) to assess the presence of NePC. Methods: This is a single-center cross-sectional study where patients with CLBP, with or without leg pain, were included. Participants were initially screened for NePC presence by a physician according to the regular practice, and later assessed using screening questionnaires. The diagnostic accuracy of these questionnaires was compared assuming the physician-made diagnosis as the gold standard. Results: A total of 215 patients with CLBP of which 164 (76.3%, 95% CI, 70.2-81.5) had a NePC were included. S-DN4, ID Pain, and PDQ have an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.8 indicating excellent discrimination. However, S-LANSS has an AUC of 0.69 (0.62-0.75), indicating low discrimination. S-DN4 has a significantly higher AUC as compared to ID Pain (d(AUC) = 0.063, P < 0.01) and S-LANSS (d(AUC) = 0.197, P < 0.01). But the AUC of S-DN4 does not significantly differ from that of PDQ (d(AUC) = 0.013, P = 0.62). Conclusions: S-DN4, ID Pain, and PDQ, but not S-LANSS, have good discriminant validity to screen for NePCs in patients with CLBP. Despite using all the tests, 20-30% of patients with an NePC were missed. Thus, these questionnaires can only be used as an initial clue in screening for NePCs, but do not replace clinical judgment.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2017

In this study, the behavior characteristics and triggering rainfall of debris flow were investigated on the basis of DB constructed by performing field investigation and collecting the rainfall data at the sites where debris flow occurred around the west of Gangwon and adjacent areas during the last 10 years. For hill slope and channelized type of debris flow, its behavior characteristic was analyzed through runout channel of debris flow divided into zone of initiation, transportation and deposition and its magnitude was estimated by considering erosion at zones of initiation and transportation. Some considerations related to establishment of landslide forecasting criterion were raised by comparing the analyzed results of analysis of rainfall at the time of debris-flow occurrence with the previous researches about the triggering rainfall of debris flow. In addition, an ID curve of inducing debris flow adequate to the investigated site was proposed and compared with results of previous study.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

In this paper, we present an identificable face (n face) detection method robust to color degradation and partial veiling. This method is composed of three parts: segmentation of face candidate regions, extraction of face candidate windows, and decision of veiling. In the segmentation of face candidate regions, face candidate regions are detected by finding skin color regions and facial components such as eyes, a nose and a mouth, which may have degraded colors, from an input image. In the extraction of face candidate windows, face candidate windows which have high potentials of faces are extracted in face candidate regions. In the decision of veiling, using an eigenface method, a face candidate window whose similarity with eigenfaces is maximum is determined and whether facial components of the face candidate window are veiled or not is determined in the similar way. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields better the detection rate by about $11.4\%$ in test DB containing color-degraded faces and veiled ones than a conventional method without considering color degradation and partial veiling.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-62
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• 2013

Since research articles aren't be fixed in particular system, author name of articles have been handled not by authority control but by unique identifier. While unique identifier has a tendency that moves toward open-transparent global link system, lately ORCID has been initiated. ORCID is not only link diverse existing ID system as a partner, for example, publisher's ID systems, university's research assessment systems, manuscript tracking systems but also let researchers self-claim by themselves to identify their own articles. Though, since ORCID run based on overseas' publications, it is not appropriate to adapt ORCID shortly to Korean researcher's identification. So this study suggests the direction of domestic researcher's identification system by applying ORCID.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.269-284
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ILIB(Intravenous Laser Irradiation of blood) on Meridian-Heart Circulation CMP and Hyperlipidemia. Circulatory symptom of 20 patients was treated with ILIB. After 10 times' treatment, changes of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and Meridian-Heart Circulation CMP value were observed. The results were as follows : 1. In observation of Meridian-Heart Circulation CMP value, significant increase was observed in both pre-ID generation and post-ID generation. So, distinctive observation between pre-ID generation and post-ID generation became not relatively significant. 2. In observation of Meridian-Heart Circulation CMP value, significant increase was observed in both left and right. So, distinctive observation between left and right became not relatively significant. 3. In observation of Meridian-Heart CMP value, significant increase was not observed in control group, but significant increase close to normal value was observed in treatment group after treatment of Intravenous He-Ne Laser Irradiation. 4. In observation of Meridian-Circulation CMP value, significant increase was not observed in control group, but significant increase close to normal value was observed in treatment group after treatment of Intravenous He-Ne Laser Irradiation. 5. In concentration of plasma total cholesterol and plasma triglyceride, significant decrease was not observed in control group, but significant increase was observed in treatment group after treatment of Intravenous He-Ne laser Irradiation. 6. Significant concentration change of plasma HDL-cholesterol was not observed in both control group and treatment group. From above results, it was thought that Intravenous He-Ne Laser Irradiation was significant effect on heart circulatory system in human body.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2014

Wi-Fi fingerprinting system is a very popular positioning method used in indoor spaces. The system depends on Wi-Fi Received Signal Strength (RSS) from Access Points (APs). However, the Wi-Fi RSS is changeable by multipath fading effect and interference due to walls, obstacles and people. Therefore, the Wi-Fi fingerprinting system produces low position accuracy. Also, Wi-Fi signals pass through walls. For this reason, the existing system cannot distinguish users' floor. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a LED fingerprinting system for accurate indoor positioning. The proposed system uses a received optical power from LEDs and LED-Identification (LED-ID) instead of the Wi-Fi RSS. In training phase, we record LED fingerprints in database at each place. In serving phase, we adopt a K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm for comparing existing data and new received data of users. We show that our technique performs in terms of CDF by computer simulation results. From simulation results, the proposed system shows that a positioning accuracy is improved by 8.6 % on average.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.81-89
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• 2019

This study was analyzed about the relationship between culture microenvironment and cell differentiation of HPV 16 E6/E7-transfected immortalized oral keratinocyte(IHOK). By the alteration of culture environment, IHOK-EF and IHOK-EFKGM were obtained, and the modulation of cell properties was observed by cell proliferation assay, immunofluorescence, microarray, and quantitative real-time PCR analysis. IHOK-EF losed the properties of epithelial cells and obtained the properties of mesenchymal cells, and in the result of microarray analysis, genes related to the inhibition of differentiation such as IL6, TWIST1, and ID2 were highly expressed in IHOK-EF. When the culture environment was recovered to initial environment, these changes were recovered partially, presenting the return of genes involved in the inhibition of differentiation such as IL6, and ID2, particularly. This study will contribute to understand adjustment aspect for cell surviving according to the change of culture microenvironment in the study for determining the cell characteristic, and facilitate therapeutic approach for human disease by applying surviving study according to the change of cancer microenvironment.

• Plant Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.37-41
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• 2021

P&ID((Piping and Instrument Diagram) is a key drawing in the engineering industry because it contains information about the units and instrumentation of the plant. Until now, simple repetitive tasks like listing symbols in P&ID drawings have been done manually, consuming lots of time and manpower. Currently, a deep learning model based on CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) is studied for drawing object detection, but the detection time is about 30 minutes and the accuracy is about 90%, indicating performance that is not sufficient to be implemented in the real word. In this study, the detection of symbols in a drawing is performed using 1-stage object detection algorithms that process both region proposal and detection. Specifically, build the training data using the image labeling tool, and show the results of recognizing the symbol in the drawing which are trained in the deep learning model.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2010

We prove the global (in time) vorticity existence for the 2-D Euler equations of a perfect incompressible fluid in $B^0_{{\infty},1}({\mathbb{R}}^2){\cap}L^p({\mathbb{R}}^2)$ with 1 < p < 2. Moreover, we prove that the particle trajectory map X(x, t) satisfies the following estimate: for some positive constant C $${\parallel}X^{\pm1}(\cdot,\;t)-id(\cdot){\parallel}_{B^1_{\infty,1}}{\leq}Ce^{e^{Ct}}$$, where id represents the identity map on ${\mathbb{R}}^2$.