• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.675-683
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• 2016

One osmotolerant strain from among 44 yeast isolates was selected based on its growth abilities in media containing high concentrations of sucrose. This selected strain, named SK-ENNY, was identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer regions and partial D1/D2 large-subunit domains of the 26S ribosomal RNA. SK-ENNY was utilized to produce high-fructose glucose syrup (HFGS) from sucrose-containing biomass. Conversion rates to HFGS from 310-610 g/l of pure sucrose and from 75-310 g/l of sugar beet molasses were 73.5-94.1% and 76.2-91.1%, respectively. In the syrups produced, fructose yields were 89.4-100% and 96.5-100% and glucose yields were 57.6-82.5% and 55.3-79.5% of the theoretical values for pure sucrose and molasses sugars, respectively. This is the first report of employing M. guilliermondii for production of HFGS from sucrose-containing biomass.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.6-15
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• 2013

Dr. Ranganathan's "Principles for Helpful Sequence" among the set of normative principles play an exclusive role in the arrangement of subject isolates. Each subject in the universe of subjects is regulated by a guiding principle of its own which analogously determines the sequence of Arrays in ordering the subject surrogates or isolates. For example, the "Principle of Later-in-Evolution" is applied for sequencing isolates of Animal and Plant Species; this concept can be applied to one of the tools of KOS viz. Taxonomies. The application of Principles for Helpful Sequence is summarily presented and in the process the paper highlights the inherent elements of knowledge organization in each one of these principles in a manner that might map the future course of research in this area with the potentiality to bring about a relation between principles for helpful sequence and KOS.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.9
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• 2019

Understanding the role of the microbiome in human health and how it can be modulated is becoming increasingly relevant for preventive medicine and for the medical management of chronic diseases. The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies has boosted microbiome research through the study of microbial genomes and allowing a more precise quantification of microbiome abundances and function. Microbiome data analysis is challenging because it involves high-dimensional structured multivariate sparse data and because of its compositional nature. In this review we outline some of the procedures that are most commonly used for microbiome analysis and that are implemented in R packages. We place particular emphasis on the compositional structure of microbiome data. We describe the principles of compositional data analysis and distinguish between standard methods and those that fit into compositional data analysis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

Objectives : Angelica Gigantis Radix is prescribed as the root of different Angelica species on the pharmacopoeia in Korea, Japan and China. Chemical components and their biological activities were also different according to their species. A study for the development of simple method to compare Angelica roots was needed. In order to classify them, the methods such as DNA sequencing analysis and taste sensor were applied to three Angelica species like Angelica gigas, Angelica acutiloba and Angelica sinensis. Methods : PCR amplification of intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region was performed using ITS1 and ITS4 primer from nine Angelica roots, and then nucleotide sequence was determined. Taste pattern of samples were measured using the taste-sensing system SA402B equipped with a sensing unit, which consists of artificial lipid membrane sensor probes of anionic bitterness, astringency, saltiness, umami, and cationic bitterness (C00, AE1, CT0, AAE, and AN0, respectively). Results : As a result of comparing the similarity of the ITS region sequences, A. sinensis was discriminated from the others (A. gigas and A. acutiloba). Equally this genetic result, A. gigas and A. acutiloba showed similar taste pattern as compared to A. sinensis. Sourness, bitterness, aftertaste of bitterness, astringency, and aftertaste of astringency of A. sinensis were significantly high as compared with A. gigas and A. acutiloba. In contrast, richness was significantly low. Conclusions : These taste pattern can be used as a way of comparison of Angelica species and this technic could be applied to establish a taste pattern marker for standardization of herbs in various purposes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.821-834
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• 2002

In order to measure the inter- and intraspecific genetic divergences within the genus Alexandrium, the variations within the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) regions and 5.85 ribosomal RNA gene of eight Alexandrium species were examined for 33 strains from diverse geographical locations by direct sequencing. Five isolates of A. tamarense (AT-2, AT-6, AT-10, AT-A and AT-B) from Jinhae Bay, Korea were found to be completely identical to a Japanese strain OFX151-A. The length of the amplified ITSI-5.85-ITS2 region varied from 481 nucleotides (in A. margalefi) to 528 nucleotides (in A. affine CU1-1). ITS1 and ITS2 nucleotide lengths were negatively correlated, whereas a positive correlation was found between their G＋C content. The degree of sequence divergence ranged from 0.3% (1 bp) to a maximum of 53% (305 Up). Pairwise sequence comparisons revealed a small degree of divergence between A. tamarense and A. Pundyense isolates (1.2 - 2.3% ＝ 6-12 bp), but a high degree of divergence between A. tamarense and A. catenella (19.8% ＝ 102 bp), and between A. catenella and A. Pundyense (19.7%). Although most nodes were weakly supported by bootstrap values, some types tend to form independent molecular groups. A. catenella isolates also formed an independent molecular sub-group, with relaticula strong bootstrap values (94% or 85% and 79% or 98%, respectively in PAUP and NJ trees). Interestingly, A. cohorticula and A. frateculus always clustered within the same sub-group, this result being supported by strong bootstrap values. Our results indicate that the ITS regions provide useful informations on hierarchical population genetic structure and a high phylogenetic resolution in intraspecific and interspecific Alexandrium population.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.123-129
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• 2008

To isolate Bacillus cereus presenting at a level of 5 log CFU/g in kochujang, a primary dilution ($10^{-1}$) of kochujang was heated at $85^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. Two isolated strains Voges-Proskauer positive colony (KBC) and a negative colony (KBM) were identified as B. cereus and Bacillus mycoides, respectively, by biochemical test and 16S rDNA sequencing. $D_{100^{\circ}C}$-Values of KBC and KBM strains was 8.37 and 7.08 min, respectively. When spores of KBC strain were inoculated to kochujang at the level of 4-5 log spores/g, the number of spores was no significant difference (p<0.05) for each sample from 1 up to 60 day of aging. When kochujang was inoculated with 4 log spores/g and heated at $85^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, the number of spores was similar to that of unheated kochujang. Therefore, we estimated that B. cereus isolated from kochujang resistant on the heat treatment ($85^{\circ}C$, 15 min) and its heat resistance characteristics could be used to count the number in kochtjang.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2020

A bacterial strain inhibiting the growth of Vibrio anguillarum, the causative agent of vibriosis, was isolated from fish intestines. The isolated strain HS36 was identified as Aerococcus urinaeequi based on the characteristics of the genus according to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology and by 16S rRNA sequencing. The growth rate and antibacterial activity of strain HS36 in shaking culture were higher than those in static culture, while the optimal pH and temperature for antibacterial activity were 7.0 and 30℃, respectively. The active antibacterial substance was purified from a culture broth of A. urinaeequi HS36 by Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography, Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Its molecular weight, as estimated by Tricine SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was approximately 1,000 Da. The antibacterial substance produced by strain HS36 was stable after incubation for 1 h at 100℃. Although its antibacterial activity was optimal at pH 6-8, activity was retained at a pH range from 2 to 11. The purified antibacterial substance was inactivated by proteinase K, papain, and β-amylase treatment. The newly purified antibacterial substance, classified as a class II bacteriocin, inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, and Vibrio alginolyticus.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.109-112
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• 2016

We performed a molecular genetic study on the sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA (ITS1 region) gene in 4-day-old adult worms of Macroorchis spinulosus recovered in mice experimentally infected with metacercariae from crayfish in Jeollanam-do Province, Korea. The metacercariae were round, $180{\mu}m$ in average diameter, encysted with 2 layers of thick walls, but the stylet on the oral sucker was not clearly seen. The adult flukes were oval shape, and $760-820{\mu}m$ long and $320-450{\mu}m$ wide, with anterolateral location of 2 large testes. The phylogenetic tree based on ITS1 sequences of 6 M. spinulosus samples showed their distinguished position from other trematode species in GenBank. The most closely resembled group was Paragonimus spp. which also take crayfish or crabs as the second intermediate host. The present study is the first molecular characterization of M. spinulosus and provided a basis for further phylogenetic studies to compare with other trematode fauna in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.431-443
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• 2020

Echinostoma mekongi n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) is described based on adult flukes collected from humans residing along the Mekong River in Cambodia. Total 256 flukes were collected from the diarrheic stool of 6 echinostome egg positive villagers in Kratie and Takeo Province after praziquantel treatment and purging. Adults of the new species were 9.0-13.1 (av. 11.3) mm in length and 1.3-2.5 (1.9) mm in maximum width and characterized by having a head collar armed with 37 collar spines (dorsal spines arranged in 2 alternative rows), including 5 end group spines. The eggs in feces and worm uterus were 98-132 (117) ㎛ long and 62-90 (75) ㎛ wide. These morphological features closely resembled those of Echinostoma revolutum, E. miyagawai, and several other 37-collar-spined Echinostoma species. However, sequencing of the nuclear ITS (ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2) and 2 mitochondrial genes, cox1 and nad1, revealed unique features distinct from E. revolutum and also from other 37-collar-spined Echinostoma group available in GenBank (E. bolschewense, E. caproni, E. cinetorchis, E. deserticum, E. miyagawai, E. nasincovae, E. novaezealandense, E. paraensei, E. paraulum, E. robustum, E. trivolvis, and Echinostoma sp. IG). Thus, we assigned our flukes as a new species, E. mekongi. The new species revealed marked variation in the morphology of testes (globular or lobulated), and smaller head collar, collar spines, oral and ventral suckers, and cirrus sac compared to E. revolutum and E. miyagawai. Epidemiological studies regarding the geographical distribution and its life history, including the source of human infections, remain to be performed.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2012

To understand South Korea's economic success several contending paradigms have emerged, ranging from a neo-classical explanation to a statist perspective, and Schumpeterian structuralism. The Korean miracle can be seen as a product of multiple factors involving the strategic choice of export-led growth, timely and active human-capital investment, business activism, and individual innovative ideas. However, South Korea needs more complex and innovative ideas to continue its both economic growth and S&T Development. The ideas of Schumpeterian structuralist needs to be more emphasized. Changing state-society relations and subsequent policy choice are greatly influenced by the industrial life cycle. The industrial life cycle is closely related to the historical sequencing and diffusion of technology. The complex mixture of statist-market-Schumpeterian structuralist perspectives could lead more technologically advanced society in South Korea.