• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.53-80
• /
• 2020

Recent studies focus on how open innovation strategies affect innovation in enterprises, but lack research related to the forms of openness. There is also a paradox that an entity should open up for open innovation but also protect its innovation. In this regard, the need for research on innovation protection has expanded. Therefore, this study looked at the effect of the form of openness on product innovation, and explored how the relationship between the form of openness and product innovation depends on the appropriation mechanisms. This study used data from the Korean Innovation Survey(KIS), which was developed and distributed by the OECD. The main findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, the forms of openness has a positive effect on product innovation. Specifically, external search has had a positive impact on exploitative innovation, and collaboration has shown to have a positive impact on exploratory innovation. Second, the appropriation mechanisms has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between the forms of openness and product innovation. Specifically, it was shown that formal appropriation mechanisms had a positive effect on the relationship between external search and product innovation, and that informal appropriation mechanisms had a positive effect on the relationship between collaboration and exploratory innovation. This study is expected to contribute to: First, this study has divided the forms of openness into external search and collaboration, unlike the existing method, and thus identified the type of product innovation and the appropriation mechanisms and forms of openness by identifying the impact on product innovation. Second, depending on the characteristics of the appropriation mechanisms, it was identified that it had the moderating effect on the forms of openness and the relationship of product innovation, so that depending on the type of openness and the type of product innovation, the type of appropriation mechanisms more suitable was identified.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2011

The occupational safety and health expenses in construction since 1988 has contributed significantly to the reduction of injury occurrence rate. But the appropriation standards for the Occupational Safety and Health Expenses in Construction(OSHEC) have been pointed out so many issues. The purpose of this study is to present ways to improve the appropriation standards for OSHEC through the reviewing of several issues about the current system and analysis of existing statistical data. Based on the result of the research, it is proposed the new model for OSHEC.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.61-95
• /
• 2007

Small-and-medium sized enterprises(SMEs) represent quite a large proportion of the industry as a whole in terms of the number of enterprises or employees. However researches on information system so far have focused on large companies, probably because SMEs were not so active in introducing information systems as larger enterprises. SMEs are now increasingly bringing in information systems such as ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning Systems) and some of the companies already entered the stage of ongoing use. Accordingly, researches should deal with the use of information systems by SME s operating under different conditions from large companies. This study examined factors and mechanism inducing faithful appropriation of information systems, in particular integrative systems such as ERP, in view of individuals` active feedback-seeking behavior. There are three factors expected to affect end users` feedback-seeking behavior for faithful appropriation of information systems. They are management support, peer IT champ support, and IT staff support. The main focus of the study is on how these factors affect feedback-seeking behavior and whether the feedback-seeking behavior plays the role of mediator for realizing faithful appropriation of information systems by end users. To examine the research model and the hypotheses, this study employed an empirical method based on a field survey. The survey used measurements mostly employed and verified by previous researches, while some of the measurements had gone through minor modifications for the purpose of the study. The survey respondents are individual employees of SMEs that have been using ERP for one year or longer. To prevent common method bias, Task-Technology Fit items used as the control variable were made to be answered by different respondents. In total, 127 pairs of valid questionnaires were collected and used for the analysis. The PLS(Partial Least Squares) approach to structural equation modeling(PLS-Graph v.3.0) was used as our data analysis strategy because of its ability to model both formative and reflective latent constructs under small-and medium-size samples. The analysis shows Reliability, Construct Validity and Discriminant Validity are appropriate. The path analysis results are as follows; first, the more there is peer IT champ support, the more the end user is likely to show feedback-seeking behavior(path-coefficient=0.230, t=2.28, p<0.05). In other words, if colleagues proficient in information system use recognize the importance of their help, pass on what they have found to be an effective way of using the system or correct others' misuse, ordinary end users will be able to seek feedback on the faithfulness of their appropriation of information system without hesitation, because they know the convenience of getting help. Second, management support encourages ordinary end users to seek more feedback(path-coefficient=0.271, t=3.06, p<0.01) by affecting the end users' perceived value of feedback(path-coefficient=0.401, t=6.01, p<0.01). Management support is far more influential than other factors that when the management of an SME well understands the benefit of ERP, promotes its faithful appropriation and pays attention to employees' satisfaction with the system, employees will make deliberate efforts for faithful appropriation of the system. However, the third factor, IT staff support was found not to be conducive to feedback-seeking behavior from end users(path-coefficient=0.174, t=1.83). This is partly attributable to the fundamental reason that there is little support for end users from IT staff in SMEs. Even when IT staff provides support, end users may find it less important than that from coworkers more familiar with the end users' job. Meanwhile, the more end users seek feedback and attempt to find ways of faithful appropriation of information systems, the more likely the users will be able to deploy the system according to the purpose the system was originally meant for(path-coefficient=0.35, t=2.88, p<0.01). Finally, the mediation effect analysis confirmed the mediation effect of feedback-seeking behavior. By confirming the mediation effect of feedback-seeking behavior, this study draws attention to the importance of feedback-seeking behavior that has long been overlooked in research about information system use. This study also explores the factors that promote feedback-seeking behavior which in result could affect end user`s faithful appropriation of information systems. In addition, this study provides insight about which inducements or resources SMEs should offer to promote individual users' feedback-seeking behavior when formal and sufficient support from IT staff or an outside information system provider is hardly expected. As the study results show, under the business environment of SMEs, help from skilled colleagues and the management plays a critical role. Therefore, SMEs should seriously consider how to utilize skilled peer information system users, while the management should pay keen attention to end users and support them to make the most of information systems.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.103-119
• /
• 2006

One of the most important reasons for using online game is intrinsic motivation which relates the drive to perform a behavior for perceptions of pleasure and satisfaction from the behavior itself. Therefore, most studies for using online game have been based on theories for intrinsic motivation such as flow. However, such theories have some limitations for explaining social aspects of online games such as Massively Multiplayer Online Role Game (MMORPG), which provides a society for game players by using a virtual space for playing games so called 'persistent world'. Adaptive structuration theory (AST) is one of trying to capture the change of using IT due to social interactions between users and system. In order to explain online game players' behavior considering social interaction, we suggest a research model based on AST. Our model aims to investigate the relationship between appropriation which is determined by faithfulness of appropriation (FOA) and consensus on appropriation (COA) and performance which is represented by the relationship among perceived winning, flow, and intention of reuse. An empirical test of our model for 125 MMORPG users which is analyzed by Partial Least Square method shows very satisfactory and interesting results. While hypotheses suggested in our model are supported, the influence of COA on game performance is shown to be stronger than that of FOA.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2015

Based on Technology Threat Avoidance Theory, this study explains the process that the users cope with IT Threat and accomplish IS outcome. To empirically test the proposed model, data were collected through a survey of respondents who have the experience of using IS, and analyzed by using structural equations modelling. The result shows IT Threat had negative effects on Problem-Focused Coping and IS Appropriation. Also Problem-Focused Coping had significant effects on IS Appropriation and IS Appropriation had positive relation on IS Performance. In conclusion the study proposed that IT users improve Convergence Information System Performance by Problem-Focused Coping when they perceive IT Threat.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.131-148
• /
• 2008

Today, it is not difficult to use information technology (IT), especially, Internet based ones. Many people can not only access IT without learning how to use it but also find and develop new techniques and usages which couldn't be expected by system engineers or designers. This is owing to social interactions among users as well as advancement of IT. Theoretically, such social interactions in using IT can be well explained by adaptive structuration theory (AST) which has been considered as one of trying to capture the change of using IT due to social interactions between users and system. This study is to analyze the relationship between social interactions and motivation in using IT which can determine attitude and intention of using IT. For this purpose we provide a research model, in which two AST related variables, faithfulness of appropriation and consensus on appropriation, are independent variables and three beliefs for using IT, usefulness, ease of use and playfulness, are dependent ones. Additionally, for reflection of changing uses, usefulness is formed as second order factor by two first order factors-usefulness of self-expression and communication. An empirical test of our model for blog users which is analyzed by Partial Least Square method shows supporting most of hypotheses except one, consensus-ease of use.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.57
• /
• pp.169-200
• /
• 2014

This paper is aimed at defining the meaning of 'de' in The Book of Document on the basis of it's various example of use and the relation between it and tian(天) ming(命). The conclusion is that 'de' in this book means a special quality of fulfill a ideal role required to a specific being. By the way the role in the case of man is determined by his position. Therefore 'de' is redefined as a special quality of fulfill a ideal role required to a specific position. In short, de can be defined as 'appropriation to a specific being'. The ideal role which is the basis of de is determined first-hand by tianming (天命) and a king's order according to it, and is determined basically by mores. The meaning of 'de' in this book as 'appropriation' defines 'de' monistically and also connotes easily it's various example of use. De in the case of things is interpreted as appropriation to it's nature and in the case of man to his position. And the meaning of 'de' like this gives the basis to interpret 'governing with de'(德治) in the Analects of Confucius as zhenming(正名).

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.151-165
• /
• 2024

This study examines the creation method using parody in fashion, which has changed from the first half of the 20th century to the present day, by considering the creation method expressed in art. A literature review and case studies were conducted for this research method. The scope of this case study was to examine designer works that attempted an artistic approach, focusing on contemporary fashion in the 20th century to the present. First, it was found that parody, as a creative method in fashion, creates works that reflect designers' new perspectives or perspectives in the form of variations that vary from time to time. Second, the forms of variation that vary from time to time demonstrate Poire's imitation technique in the modernist era. Imitation and critical parody techniques were used in the postmodern era. In the post-contemporary era, the extended parody-type appropriation and re-transmission techniques were used. Third, when comparing creation techniques using parody in art and fashion by period, it was found that the fashion technique, which followed the creation technique in art, adopted the same method as the art technique, as it approached recently.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.97-107
• /
• 2013

Occupational safety and health management expense in construction industry means the monetary amount that the purchaser appropriates to prevent various disaster from happening during the construction period by setting aside a certain amount from subcontract based on the construction type and scale. The current appropriation standard of the Ministry of Employment and Labor has been enforced since its stipulation in 1988 although various policy changes for the safety in construction industry, e.g. the development of occupational safety management techniques in construction industry, changes in construction field site environment, cost depreciation, etc., are happening in Korea and overseas. Therefore, it is required at this point to examine whether the current occupational safety and health management expense appropriation is proper or not on the basis of time trend and the changes in the construction industry environment. Accordingly, this study aims at investigating the appropriation of occupational safety and health management expense for construction industry by the construction type and target expense in response to current construction industry environment and proposing the proper appropriation. The above research result proposes the calibration of the appropriation as specified and stipulated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor by the construction type and target expense, which is necessary to reflect the actual condition of the current construction industry environment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.97-108
• /
• 2018

This study is based on the way Kim Kwang Soo works, which reveals a strong expressive tone that is rare in Korean architecture. His work is not decorative and symbolic representation of the intention of positive amusement. Therefore, the following noteworthy points will arise. The various phenomena associated with architecture and society are researched and analyzed in a critical manner. So, it creates and expresses its own formal logic. In this study, the theory of the subversive appropriation theory was identified by using the expressive characteristics of engagement. The study was based on a conceptual framework for the overturning of the mimesis, which Benjamin and Adorno have described. From this, this study summarizes Kim Kwang Soo's nihilistic attitude, finding boundaries and crack points, and subversive expression as a new form of architectural formal logic as main characteristics of interpretation of works. The characteristics of subversive expression of Kim Kwang Soo architecture derived from this are as follows. It does not take an ideological approach to the dismantling of the internalization of traditional Korean architecture. Popular culture and social phenomena are used as materials for expression. These are structured sensibly with appropriated formal logic. Finally, the architectural position adhered to the limit of performativity was recognized as the dimension of new meaning generation.