• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제24권
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• pp.163-187
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• 1996

The library catalog is considered an important tool to provide library users with conveniences making a search for necessary information. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate "behaviors and attitudes" of library users in a university library using online and card catalogs together, to compare their distinctions between online and card catalogs and then to bring about reforms for the development of future cataloging, thereby improving the utilization of online catalog and its service expansion. For this, this paper carried out a survey research which was randomly questionaired 280 library users of four universities in Seoul from March 28th to April 16th 1996. Major findings are as follow : 1. Library users tended to use more online catalog(50.0%) than card catalog (21.9%). 2. The main reasons the library users us online catalog were time saving(24.0%), convenience of use(21.3%), multiple searching possibility (16.2%), and the preferences of card catalog were location of library materials(34.6%), time saving(17.5%), Bibliographic information(14.9%). 3. The major access points which library users utilized mostly in their online catalog are title(30.3%), author(29.2%) and subject heading (17.6%), and for card catalog, title(40.5%), author(34.6%) and call no.(11.1%). 4. The methods library users learned to use online catalog are terminal screen(44.7%), online manual(26.1%), and for card catalog, library orientation(42.6%), librarian's help(18.5%). 5. It was shown that library users were not mostly satisfied about their searching results: the users satisfied with online catalog in the order of partly(46.2%), as expected(42.3%), more than expected(10.4%), and with the card catalog in the order of partly(54.6%), as expected(27.3%), more than expected(10.4%). It was found that although library users preferred online catalog more than card catalog, 54.8% of the total catalog users were not satisfied about the search results they have had. 6. The items which library users want to add to online catalog are catalogs of materials other libraries have(41.6%), catalogs of the materials the library has(29.3%), titles of serial articles(17.7%). And the additional services library users want are checking function of loan materials and reservation of materials(15.5%), subject headings(14.5%), more terminals(13.4%), catalog use explanations(12.9%), multiple access points(11.0%), searching function of contents, abstracts, and indexes(9.6%). Considering the fact that library users tend to use more favorably online catalog than card catalog and the trend that library change from card catalog to online catalog, it is strongly recommended to su n.0, pply students with formal and informal training programs for online catalog use.talog use.

• 한국HCI학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2008

오늘날 급격한 통신기술의 발전은 우리 삶의 다른 모든 분야와 마찬가지로 의료 환경에도 많은 변화와 새로운 패러다임을 요구하고 있다. 그러나 새로운 컴퓨터 기술이 의료산업을 급속도로 변화시켜 나가고 있음에도 불구하고 그 변화가 실제로 이루어지고 있는 현장을 보는 것은 그리 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 근 미래의 수술실에서 마취과 간호사의 시각으로 마취 과정에 관한 새로운 인터랙션 컨셉을 탐색하고자 하였다. 연구는 5년의 기술적 사회적 시각이 반영되었으며, 근 미래의 수술실에서 새로운 기술이 어떻게 환자 만족을 높이고 간호사의 업무 효율을 향상시켜 궁극적으로 의료 서비스의 품질을 향상시키는지를 보여주고 있다. 연구 결과인 "KEY" 는 다양한 직관적인 인터랙션방식을 통하여 마취과 간호사의 업무에 새로운 비전을 가져왔으며, 이것으로 인해 간호사는 수술과 관련된 기기들로부터 완전히 자유로워 모든 시간동안 환자에게 주의를 기울일 수 있게 되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 안정성, 비용 등의 문제로 아직 초기 단계에 불과하다. 실제적 측면에 있어서 완성도를 높이기 위해 보다 높은 수준의 프로토타입 제작을 통한 논리적 사용자 테스트와 사용자 평가가 요구되며 이를 바탕으로 컨셉의 세밀한 보완 연구가 뒤따라야 한다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.85-102
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• 1982

The current employment status among young home economists and perspectives in occupations for prospective Home Economics graduates were explored in this study which utilized information from 17 to 21 colleges in Korea and colleges in the United States during the five years of 1977∼1981. The Home Economics content areas covered in this study were Clothing and Textiles, Foods and Nutrition, Housing and Interior Design, and Child Development and Family Life. The highest percentage of Korean graduates in Clothing and Textiles was employed either as teachers at the junior high school level or as designers in the clothing and textile industries. Quite a number of the graduates were engaged in further studies at the graduate level. Korean graduates with a master's degree were teaching at the college level and some had furthered their studies at the doctorate level either here or abroad. Koreans with a bachelor's degree in Foods and Nutrition held jobs as teachers in junior high school, dieticians at mass feeding institutions and hospitals, food scientists in food industries, and researchers in institutions. Those with a master's degree were teaching at the college level. Americans with a bachelor's degree worked as dieticians, supervisors in restaurants and institutions, extension workers, researchers at various facilities, teachers and clerks. Americans with a master's or doctorate degree were engaged in teaching at colleges or supervising at research or working as extension specialists. In general, Korean graduates were found to hold positions in less varied areas than their American counter-parts. Among forty-nine graduates those working in their professional field reported less sex discrimination that those working in other fields. The major area of employment in Housing and Interior Design or Home Management graduates in Korea was teaching while in the United States it was extension work, business, governmental work and teaching. It was suggested that in the future, career development in Korea be further explored to include extension service, research, social welfare, financial planning, business, free-lancing, funeral home, home-call, and correctional education. Interviews with executives from 6 business enterprises indicated that most of them were aware of the potential contribution home economists could make for their companies but they expressed a negative attitude towards women in general due to their short stay on the job. Jobs held by Child Development and Family Life majors with a bachelor's degree in Korea were mostly teaching positions in public, junior and senior high school. However, jobs such as nursery school teaching, working in clinical setting, business, and teaching at public, junior and senior high school predominated in the United states. Most Korean graduates with a master's degree were teaching in professional colleges while in the United Stated the job variation among the graduates was rather evenly distributed among teaching at college level, public and high school, nursery school and administration areas. Reports from 7 child development majors on the job indicated that they were paid less that secretarial workers. Only half of them were working in their major area and these expressed satisfaction with their work. Two thirds of the respondents indicated no sex discrimination. It was suggested that in the future Child Development and Family Life majors pursue employment in counseling, guidance, recreation, mass media, administration and outreach work as well as education, research and parent education in services for children, teen-agers, adults and families.

• 감성과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.761-768
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• 2010

마케팅 분야의 많은 연구에서 소비자의 제품이나 서비스에 대한 전체적인 만족도를 결정하는 속성들의 중요도가 시간의 흐름에 따라 달라지고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 이와 같이 사용자가 제품과 인터랙션하는 시간의 흐름에 따라 그 제품에서 느끼는 감성도 달라질 수 있는 것이다. 즉, 사용자가 제품을 처음 접했을 때 느끼는 감성과 제품을 일정기간 사용한 후에 그 제품에서 느끼는 감성 간에는 차이가 있을 것이라는 가정아래 본 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 아이폰을 전혀 사용해 보지 않은 그룹과 아이폰을 일정기간 사용하였고 현재도 사용 중인 그룹으로 나누어 사용자가 아이폰을 처음 경험해 보는 초기 감성과 아이폰을 일정기간 사용한 후에 느끼는 감성 간의 차이를 비교해 보았다. 본 연구에서 진행한 실험 결과, 아이폰을 처음 경험하는 시점에 아이폰에 대한 사용자의 긍정적인 감성으로 인해 불편성이라는 부정적인 감성이 다소 낮게 나왔다가 아이폰을 사용하면서 다소 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 하지만 아이폰 자체의 불편성이 높다고는 할 수 없다. 또한 아이폰에 대한 긍정적인 감성은 아이폰 사용 전후 모두 높게 나타나 아이폰을 사용하면서 느끼는 사용자의 감성은 대개 긍정적인 감성이 많이 표출된다고 할 수 있다. 향후 더 많은 연구를 진행해 봐야 하겠지만, 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 제품 사용 시 사용자가 해당 재품에 대해 반성적 레벨에서 긍정적인 감성을 가지고 있을 때 행동적 레벨에서의 불편함을 어느 정도는 감수할 수 있다고 추측해 볼 수 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2013

Purpose - It is widely accepted that the process of developing marketing strategy is composed of three steps: market segmentation, target market selection and positioning. However, mass marketing strategy based on cost reduction through economies of scale and standardized products, can be also an effective strategic option. Many marketing scholars including Theodore Levitt emphasize the importance of applying the mass production concept to various industries including service industries. Especially, in times of economic downturn, the capability of providing consumers with low-priced, value products can be an important source of competitive advantage, as well as the ability of providing high-priced premium products. Marketers should decide whether they will implement mass marketing strategy or target marketing strategy. The present study theoretically shows that firms should understand the target customers' price elasticity as well as the firm's cost structure in order to make such a strategic decision. Research design, data, and methodology - Instead of implementing an empirical study, this study provides a theoretical(mathematical) investigation on the effect of consumers' price elasticity on a firm's optimal price level, profit, sales volume, revenue, and cost. The results are mostly deduced from derivative calculations and several graphs are utilized to represent the results on the relationships between the variables under study. Results - The analytical results suggest that it is more profitable for a firm to adopt the segment/target marketing strategy (more specifically the differentiation strategy) when the degree of consumers' heterogeneity is high and the proportion of the fixed cost in the total cost is low. On the other hand, if the degree of consumers' heterogeneity is low and the fixed cost is high, it is better to adopt the mass marketing strategy or the cost leadership strategy. The strategy of concentrating on a single target market will be effective when consumers' needs are highly heterogeneous but the fixed cost is high. Any of the three types of generic strategies proposed my Porter(1980, 1985) can be applied when both the consumers' heterogeneity and the fixed cost are low. This study also proposes the contribution-margin-based method for developing the optimal pricing strategy. Conclusions - One of the primary roles of marketers is to find a proper compromise between the two conflicting goals of maximizing customer satisfaction and minimizing cost. In order to do so, he or she should understand the characteristics of the target customers as well as the cost structure of the firm. In addition to the theoretical analyses, this study discusses several business cases and explains how superior companies find the optimal compromise position between these two goals and dominate the market. One of the radical changes recently taking place in business arena is the reduction of production and distribution costs of both physical goods and information due to the advancement and the wide diffusion of information technology. The cost reduction combined with lowered priced elasticity incurred by customized products and services, will enable many firms to adopt the mass customization strategy.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2008

Over the last $15{\sim}20$years, many countries have adopted policies of railway privatization to keep up with increasing competition from road and air transport. Although each country and case has its own history, market characteristics, political context as well as administrative process, railway privatizations (including railway restructure, concession etc.) in the west usually are accompanied with the establishment of new regulatory regimes. Therefore, railway governance has been innovating towards an interaction of government, regulator, industry bodies, user groups, trade unions and other interested groups within the regulatory framework. However, it is not the case in China. Although China had seen a partial privatization in some branch lines and is experiencing a much larger-scale privatization by establishing joint-ventures to build and operate high-speed passenger lines and implementing an asset-based securitization program, administrative control still occupies absolutely dominant position in the railway governance in China. Ministry of Railway (MOR) acts as the administrator, operator as well as regulator. There is no national policy that clearly positions railway in the transportation network and clarifies the role of government in railway development. There is also little participation from interested groups in the railway policy making, pricing, service standard or safety matter. Railway in China is solely governed by the mere executive agency. Efficiency-focused economic perspective explanation is far from satisfaction. A wider research perspective from political and social regime is of great potential to better explain and solve the problem. In the west, separation and constrains of power had long been established as a fundamental rule. In addition to internal separation of political power(legislation, execution and jurisdiction), rise of corporation in the 19th century and association revolution in the 20th century greatly fostered the growth of economic and social power. Therefore, political, social and economic organizations cooperate and compete with each other, which leads to a balanced and resonable power structure. While in China, political power, mainly party-controlled administrative power has been keeping a dominated position since the time of plan economy. Although the economic reform promoted the growth of economic power of enterprises, it is still not strong enough to compete with political power. Furthermore, under rigid political control, social organizations usually are affiliated to government, independent social power is still too weak to function. So, duo to the limited and slow reform in political and social regime in China, there is an unbalanced power structure within which political power is dominant, economic power expanding while social power still absent. Totally different power structure in China determines the fundamental institutional environment of her railway privatization and governance. It is expected that the exploration of who act behind railway governance and their acting strength (a power theory) will present us a better picture of railway governance as a relevant transportation mode. The paper first examines the railway governance in China and preliminarily establishes a linkage between railway governance and its fundamental institutional environment, i.e. power structure in a specific country. Secondly, the reason why there is no national policy in China is explored in the view of political power. In China, legislative power is more symbolic while party-controlled administrative power dominates political process and plays a fundamental role in Chinese railway governance. And then, in the part three railway finance reform is analyzed in the view of economic power, esp. the relationship of political power and economic power.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

최근 관람객의 반응에 따라 실시간으로 대응하여 관객의 몰입과 만족도를 증대시키는 인터랙티브 전시 서비스에 대한 학계와 산업계의 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 인터랙티브 전시 서비스를 효과적으로 구현하기 위해서는 관객의 반응을 통해 해당 관객이 느끼는 감정 상태를 추정할 수 있는 지능형 기술의 도입이 요구된다. 인간의 감정 상태를 추정하기 위한 시도들은 많은 연구들에서 이루어져 왔고, 그 중 대부분은 사람의 얼굴 표정이나 소리 반응을 통해 감정 상태를 추정하는 방식을 도입하고 있다. 하지만, 최근 소개되고 있는 연구들에 따르면 단일 반응이 아닌 여러 반응을 종합적으로 고려하는 이른바 멀티 모달(multimodal) 접근을 사용했을 경우, 인간의 감정 상태를 보다 정확하게 추정할 수 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 키넥트 센서를 통해 측정되는 관객의 얼굴 표정, 몸짓, 움직임 등을 종합적으로 고려한 새로운 멀티모달 감정 상태 추정 모형을 제안하고 있다. 제안모형의 예측 기법으로는 방대한 양의 데이터를 효과적으로 처리하기 위해, 몬테칼로(Monte Carlo) 방법인 계층화 샘플링(stratified sampling) 방법에 기반한 다중회귀분석을 적용하였다. 제안 모형의 성능을 검증하기 위해, 15명의 피실험자로부터 274개의 독립 및 종속변수들로 구성된 602,599건의 관측 데이터를 수집하여 여기에 제안 모형을 적용해 보았다. 그 결과 10~15% 이내의 평균오차 범위 내에서 피실험자의 쾌/불쾌도(valence) 및 각성도(arousal) 상태를 정확하게 추정할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 본 연구의 제안 모형은 비교적 구현이 간단하면서도 안정성이 높아, 향후 지능형 전시 서비스 및 기타 원격학습이나 광고 분야 등에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.610-617
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• 2019

도농복합시는 도시지역과 농촌지역이 병존하는 독특한 공간구조를 갖고 있다. 따라서 도농복합시의 농촌과소화에 대응하기 위해서는 기존 주민의 이탈을 방지할 수 있는 다양한 정책적 지원 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구에서는 '2017년 춘천시 사회조사'를 이용해 도농복합시 농촌지역 과소화 대응 방안으로 기존 거주민의 지속적인 거주의향에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 일반적으로 지역정체성은 내생적으로 결정되기 때문에 본 연구에서는 이러한 지역정체성과 거주의향과의 내생적 관계를 고려하여 연립 이변량 순위 프로빗 모델을 이용하였다. 분석결과, 도농복합시에 대해 지역정체성이 강할수록 지역내 거주의향이 높아지는 것으로 분석되었다. 가구주의 연령과 거주기간이 길수록, 일 여가생활 거주에 대해 만족할수록 지역정체성이 높다. 그리고 의료서비스에 대해 만족할수록, 종사하는 일에 만족할수록 거주의향이 높다. 따라서 도농복합시 농촌지역 거주민들의 생활서비스 수요를 파악 후 적재 적시 적절한 생활서비스를 공급할 수 있는 정책적 지원이 필요하다. 특히 도농복합시의 경우 의료서비스는 지역정체성에는 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않지만, 거주의향에는 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 의료시설에 쉽게 접근하여 사용할 수 있는 시스템 구축이 필요하다.

• 한국신뢰성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신뢰성학회 2001년도 정기학술대회
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• pp.277-278
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• 2001

The successful operation of a product In service depends upon the effective provision of logistic support in order to achieve and maintain the required levels of performance and customer satisfaction. Logistic support encompasses the activities and facilities required to maintain a product (hardware and software) in service. Logistic support covers maintenance, manpower and personnel, training, spares, technical documentation and packaging handling, storage and transportation and support facilities.The cost of logistic support is often a major contributor to the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of a product and increasingly customers are making purchase decisions based on lifecycle cost rather than initial purchase price alone. Logistic support considerations can therefore have a major impact on product sales by ensuring that the product can be easily maintained at a reasonable cost and that all the necessary facilities have been provided to fully support the product in the field so that it meets the required availability. Quantification of support costs allows the manufacturer to estimate the support cost elements and evaluate possible warranty costs. This reduces risk and allows support costs to be set at competitive rates.Integrated Logistic Support (ILS) is a management method by which all the logistic support services required by a customer can be brought together in a structured way and In harmony with a product. In essence the application of ILS:- causes logistic support considerations to be integrated into product design;- develops logistic support arrangements that are consistently related to the design and to each other;- provides the necessary logistic support at the beginning and during customer use at optimum cost.The method by which ILS achieves much of the above is through the application of Logistic Support Analysis (LSA). This is a series of support analysis tasks that are performed throughout the design process in order to ensure that the product can be supported efficiently In accordance with the requirements of the customer.The successful application of ILS will result in a number of customer and supplier benefits. These should include some or all of the following:- greater product uptime;- fewer product modifications due to supportability deficiencies and hence less supplier rework;- better adherence to production schedules in process plants through reduced maintenance, better support;- lower supplier product costs;- Bower customer support costs;- better visibility of support costs;- reduced product LCC;- a better and more saleable product;- Improved safety;- increased overall customer satisfaction;- increased product purchases;- potential for purchase or upgrade of the product sooner through customer savings on support of current product.ILS should be an integral part of the total management process with an on-going improvement activity using monitoring of achieved performance to tailor existing support and influence future design activities. For many years, ILS was predominantly applied to military procurement, primarily using standards generated by the US Government Department of Defense (DoD). The military standards refer to specialized government infrastructures and are too complex for commercial application. The methods and benefits of ILS, however, have potential for much wider application in commercial and civilian use. The concept of ILS is simple and depends on a structured procedure that assures that logistic aspects are fully considered throughout the design and development phases of a product, in close cooperation with the designers. The ability to effectively support the product is given equal weight to performance and is fully considered in relation to its cost.The application of ILS provides improvements in availability, maintenance support and longterm 3ogistic cost savings. Logistic costs are significant through the life of a system and can often amount to many times the initial purchase cost of the system.This study provides guidance on the minimum activities necessary to Implement effective ILS for a wide range of commercial suppliers. The guide supplements IEC60106-4, Guide on maintainability of equipment Part 4: Section Eight maintenance and maintenance support planning, which emphasizes the maintenance aspects of the support requirements and refers to other existing standards where appropriate. The use of Reliability and Maintainability studies is also mentioned in this study, as R&M is an important interface area to ILS.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.108-118
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 사회안전망 측정도구를 개발하여 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하고 이를 적용 하여 지역사회주민의 안전생활만족과의 관계를 규명하는데 있다. 이 연구는 2013년 서울시 시민들을 모집단으로 설정하여 집락무선표집법을 이용해 최종분석에 사용한 자료는 203명이다. 사회안전망 측정도구는 문헌고찰, 개념적 정의 및 설문지 초안 작성, 전문가 회의, 예비검사 및 본 조사, 설문지의 타당도 및 신뢰도 검증 등의 과정을 통하여 개발되었다. 이 연구에서는 설문지의 타당도를 검증하기 위해 전문가 회의를 하였으며, 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 범죄예방설계, 거리 CCTV시설, 지역자율방범활동, 지자체안전교육, 경찰치안서비스, 민간경비서비스 등의 6개 요인을 추출 하였다. 통계처리는 SPSSWIN 18.0 프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석, 일원변량분석, 요인분석 및 신뢰도 분석, 상관분석, 다중회귀분석 등을 실시하였다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회안전망 척도의 타당도는 매우 높다. 즉, 사회안전망 구성 요인은 범죄예방설계, 거리 CCTV시설, 지역자율방범활동, 지자체안전교육, 경찰치안서비스, 민간경비서비스 등으로 탐색되었으며, 범죄예방설계 요인의 설명력이 가장 높다. 둘째, 사회안전망 척도의 신뢰도는 매우 높다. 즉, 사회안전망은 문항과 영역간, 문항과 전반적 사회안전망간의 상관정도가 매우 높으며, 내적일관성 신뢰도 Cronbach's ${\alpha}$값이 .865 이상이다. 셋째, 사회안전망은 지역사회주민의 안전생활만족에 영향을 미친다. 즉, 범죄예방설계, 경찰치안서비스가 체계적으로 구축 된다면 시민들의 사회불안감은 감소한다.