• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.263-268
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• 2023

This study examined the trend of research, focusing on academic papers related to psychological warfare against North Korea studied from 2000 to 2023. As a result of examining the current status by year, field, and research method, we could feel the lack of papers related to psychological warfare against North Korea, and the lack of research was also small only during the period when inter-Korean relations were strained. In addition, the research field is also limited to policy proposals and psychological warfare media, confirming the need to expand to more diverse fields considering the changing psychological warfare environment. In terms of the last research method, most of them were literature studies, so the need for quantitative research using interviews, surveys, and big data was also found. It is hoped that the analysis results of this paper will play a positive role in setting the direction of future research on the psychological warfare against North Korea, which is still underway.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

As markets and industries continue to evolve rapidly, technology opportunity discovery (TOD) has become critical to a firm's survival. From a common consensus that TOD based on a firm's capabilities is a valuable method for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and reduces the risk of failure in technology development, studies for TOD based on a firm's capabilities have been actively conducted. However, previous studies mainly focused on a firm's technological capabilities and rarely on business capabilities. Since discovered technologies can create market value when utilized in a firm's business, a firm's current business capabilities should be considered in discovering technology opportunities. In this context, this study proposes a TOD method that considers both a firm's business and technological capabilities. To this end, this study uses patent data, which represents the firm's technological capabilities, and trademark data, which represents the firm's business capabilities. The proposed method comprises four steps: 1) Constructing firm technology and business capability matrices using patent classification codes and trademark similarity group codes; 2) Transforming the capability matrices to preference matrices using the fuzzy function; 3) Identifying a target firm's candidate technology opportunities using the collaborative filtering algorithm; 4) Recommending technology opportunities using a portfolio map constructed based on technology similarity and applicability indices. A case study is conducted on a security firm to determine the validity of the proposed method. The proposed method can assist SMEs that face resource constraints in identifying technology opportunities. Further, it can be used by firms that do not possess patents since the proposed method uncovers technology opportunities based on business capabilities.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.47-67
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• 2023

Objectives : The objective of this study is to examine the findings of a survey assessing the treatment and management status of individuals with diabetes and pre-diabetes, along with their inclination to participate in the Korean Medicine Chronic Disease Management Program. Methods : The survey focused on individuals with diabetes and pre-diabetes, gathering information on respondents' demographic details, diabetes diagnosis, duration of diabetes, attitudes and experiences regarding Korean medicine diabetes treatment, and their willingness to participate in the 'Korean Medicine Chronic Disease Management Program'. Results : 33.1% of participants reported prior experience with Korean medicine treatment for diabetes. The intention to actively utilize Korean medicine treatment was positively observed, with a response rate of 61.1% expressing a favorable inclination and 8.9% indicating a negative stance. Furthermore, 75.3% of patients expressed their intention to participate in the 'Korean Medicine Chronic Disease Management Program' in the future. Among those expressing this intention, 81.4% stated a preference for the 'Korean-Western medicine combined management' in the chronic disease management Program. Conclusions : Patients' willingness to participate in 'Korean Medicine Diabetes Management Program' is high, but lack of information about Korean medicine is a factor that deprives people of the opportunity to experience Korean medicine treatment, and non-medical factors such as difficulty in visiting and administrative complexity are factors that impede participation in the 'Korean Medicine Chronic Disease Management Program'. It should be considered for improvement when formulating policies.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2024

Israel craves peace and freedom. Israel has won many wars and conflicts militarily. They have developed strategic thinking based on the data, unique culture, and peacetime preparation system accumulated so far, and the strategic culture based on it contributes to fostering elite strong forces by presenting directions to security strategies.The strategic culture formed by Israeli beliefs, behavioral patterns, and identity influenced strategic thinking and the usefulness of security strategies. The purpose of this study is to redefine the concept of strategic culture by referring to the methodological discussion of strategic culture theory and to examine how useful strategic culture has provided strategic thinking and security strategies. In addition, based on the impact of Israel's strategic culture on security strategy, I would like to present implications for Korea's security strategy.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study is to develop a specialized clinical research protocol for acupuncture treatment specifically designed for disaster survivors based on insights from an expert survey. Methods: An expert panel comprising specialists in neuropsychiatry, acupuncture, and clinical research methodology was assembled. Initial data to inform the clinical research protocol design was collected utilizing open-ended responses, multiple-choice questions, and a 5-point Likert scale to gauge agreement levels. Next, this data was disseminated to a panel of experts. A cohesive clinical research protocol was then formulated during a core panel meeting by integrating insights from a panel of 10 experts. Results: The protocol developed herein entails a non-randomized controlled study involving participants aged 19~64 years old who have been identified as high-risk or cautious according to the National Trauma Center screening test. The study design includes the establishment of an active control group, which allows for the assessment of an additional effect through comparison with conventional therapy. The selected acupuncture approach involves a combination of manual acupuncture and ear acupuncture. For clinical outcome assessment, the Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale for DSM-5 was proposed to gauge trauma symptoms. Representative scales for various domains such as depression, anxiety, anger, insomnia, pain, and quality of life were also provided for reference. Conclusions: The developed protocol is anticipated to streamline the swift design and initiation of clinical trials during disaster scenarios. It is also designed to be scalable, thereby enabling its application in both non-randomized control group studies and single-group before-and-after comparisons.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.2842-2849
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• 2024

The amorphous glasses containing PbO, ZnO, MgO, and B₂O₃ have been fabricated using the melt quenching technique. The structural properties have been analysed using the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Derivative of Absorption Spectra Fitting (DASF) method have been used to estimate the band gap energy from the UV-Vis absorption data which decreases from 3.02 eV to 2.66 eV with increasing the concentration of the PbO.The four glass samples 0.284 and 0.826 MeV showed unique variations in terms of gamma attenuation ability. LZMB4 glass sample proved to be the mist effective in terms of shielding of gamma radiation as it requires little distance compared to LZMB3, LZMB2 and LZMB1 to attenuate. RPE revealed a raise with increase in the thickness of the material and reduces as the energy raises. TF is superior in LZMB1 compared to LZMB2, LZMB3 and LZMB4, confirming that, LZMB4 will attenuate better. The Z_Eff of the materials was seen falling as the energy increases, confirming that the linear attenuation coefficient of the glass materials decreases when the energy is increased. The results confirmed that, glass material LZMB4 is the best option especially for gamma radiation shielding applications compared to LZMB3, followed by LZMB2, then LZMB1.

• Strategy21
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• s.38
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• pp.112-162
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• 2015

This study began to confirm or review the balance of power theory by applying scientific methods through experiential cases. Though there are several kinds of national power, this study supposes military power as a crucial power when it comes to war and peace. This research covered balance and imbalance through comparing relative military power between nations or nations' group. Comparison of relative military power can be achieved by statistically processing the values of which has been converted into the standard variables in same domain, then calculating the values of nation's power which has been synthesized different experiential factors. In addition, the criteria of experiential experiment is highly dedicated to European countries, USA, Japan prior to 1st and 2nd World War, as well as USA, Soviet Union and North East Asia during Cold War era. In addition, the balance of power theory has been redefined to review the action of the state upon the changes of power as mentioned in the theory. To begin with, the redefined theory states that relative level of military power between nations defines the consistency of peace and balance of power. If military power is enough to be on the range of level required to keep the power in equilibrium, peace and balance can be achieved. The opposite would unbalance the military power, causing conflicts. While the relative military level between nations change, nations seek to establish 'nations group' via military cooperation such as alliance, which also shift relative military power between nations group as well. Thus, in order to achieve balance of power, a nation seeks to strengthen its military power(self-help), while pursuing military cooperation(or alliance). This changes relative military power between nations group also. In other words, if there exists balance of power between nations, there is balance of power between nations group as well. In this theory, WWI and II broke out due to the imbalance of military force between nations and nations group, and reviewed that due to the balance of military force during the Cold War, peace was maintained. WWI was resulted from imbalance of military cooperation between two powerful states group and WWII was occurred because of the imbalance among the states. Peace was maintained from cooperation of military power and balance among the states during the Cold War. Imbalance among continental states is more threatening than maritime states and balance of power made by army force and naval force also is feasible. Also the outcomes of two variables are found military power balanced ratio of military power for balance is 67% when variable ratio of balance is 100% and standard value for balance is 0.86. Military power exists in a form of range. The range is what unstabilized the international system causing nations to supplement their military powers. These results made possible the calculation and comparison between state's military power. How balance of power inflicted war and peace has been studied through scientific reviews. Military conflict is highly possible upon already unbalanced military powers of North East Asian countries, if the US draws its power back to America. China and Japan are constantly building up their military force. On the other hand, Korean military force is inferior so in accordance to change of international situation state's survival could be threatened and it is difficult to achieve drastic increase in military force like Germany did. Especially constructing naval force demands lots of time; however but has benefit that naval force can overcome imbalance between continental states and maritime states.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.285-303
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• 2020

A military is not an organization that seeks profits, such as a company, or a research institute whose results and outcomes can produce. Therefore, it can be said that the nature of the bureaucracy is stronger than any other organizations, which perform the task centered based on ranks. In addition, as military missions deal with national and operation security which is closed with each other and more conservative compare to other organization. In this circumstance, the role of military organization and leaders is to carry out their duties with the cost of people's lives, and indeed, leades and leadership in military are more important than those of any organizations. However, many researches are lacking or focused on leadership research in a limited field, especially positive field, developmental, constructive leadership research and researches that are not focused on that area are limited. Already in the United States, research on negative leadership has been actively conducted under the direction of the Secretary of US Army Thomas E. White in 2003, how toxic leadership is serving in military organizations and on the battlefield. Now they realize how toxic leadership had impact on missions in military organizations and on the battlefield. The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze qualitative and quantitative data on the negative leadership of military organizations that have not been studied. The aim of this study was to establish a literature study on the scope and behavior of toxic leadership among negative leadership and to build empirical data on toxic leaders of current military organizations, and to create occupations that occur when subordinates work with toxic leaders. This study analyzes changes in satisfaction and organizational cohesion that mediates results and causes. This study will be more urgent and important for groups that prioritize groups and organizations over individuals, and it may provide new directions for the role and impact of military leaders from attempting these studies.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.23-34
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• 2019

This study utilized big data, one of the new technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution as a policy direction study related to the military security of the Army. By utilizing Text mining and analyzing military security trends in domestic and foreign papers, it will be able to set policy directions and reduce trial and error. In this study, we found differences in domestic and international studies on military sucurity. At first, Domestic research has shown that in the course of the fourth industrial revolution, there is a strong interest in technological security, such as IT technology in security and cyber security in North Korea. On the other hand, Foreign research confirmed that policies are being studied in such a way that military sucurity is needed at the level of cooperation between countries and that it can contribute to world peace. Various academic policy studies have been underway in terms of determining world peace and security levels, not just security levels. It contrasted in our immediate confrontation with North Korea for decades but suggest complementary measures that cannot be overlooked from a grand perspective. Conclusionally, the direction of academic research in domestic and foreign should be done in macro perspective under national network cooperation, not just technology sucurity research, recognizing that military security is a policy product that should be studied in a security system between countries.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.13
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• pp.7-33
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• 2012

The memory of the Korean War is about the time period when people lived toughly during evacuation, due to being exposed to the natural climate such as intense cold or heat without any protection, leaving their comfortable home and living in temporary built shelters which were barely enough to avoid the wind. 'Death is concealed and only the figures of evacuation for survival were expressed, just as how the government ordered. Since the experience of the battlefield is personal and fragmentary, that is broken into pieces, it does not have compatibility. As war is a distorted experience that cannot be placed in a big picture, it is not possible to take a view of the war's big picture. Having this individualized experience as a common collective memory is an issue and it is the will that people tries to pursue. The reason why the evacuees from north to south, and as well as from the south to further south were all able to be adopted as the theme of artworks due to the military action that emptied the occupied territories of the North Korean Army under the forced removal command. In such situations, the natural state of the 'snow' was like a symbol of the 1.4 Recession. The group of people who were thrown into the intense cold displaced the war damage of loosing their base livelihood, and symbolized the obedient citizens who faithfully follow their government's command. The figure of advocating anti-communism is projected as a figure of a refugee during cold winter-time and it contains ones past which he or she obeyed its own country's commands. Evacuation, especially the evacuation during the winter is a visual device that can confirm these kinds of country's command. The consequences were same for the artists as well. Therefore, the situation being communal could be found due to the individual experiences during war are ideological. The image of the refuge shown in the picture played the role of strengthening the consciousness of defecting to South Korea into the meaning of the 'Finding Freedom.' I would like to express that the reason of them leave their home during the harsh winter is in order to avoid the oppression of the Communist Party. The evacuation that people went through was not to 'Finding Freedom', but 'To Survive'. Later, this evacuation has been imprinted as a behavior of choosing free Republic of Korea, which was an ideological issue. Anti-communism was the rule of survival in South Korea society, and people have the tendency to remember what they want to remember. As it is not the people who possesses an incident, but the memory that possesses ones, people cover their memory with disguised plots in order to forget the violence and to live a different prologue. They share the incident of violence as a hurtful memory. The tragedy of the Korean War was the result of Ideology and being in between the powerful nations' rights, but the violence during the war has been depicted as a natural disaster, which was the evacuation in heavy snow.