• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.374-382
• /
• 2001

Nowadays, the commonly used table lookup scheme for IP routing is based on the sc-called classless interdomain routing (CIDR). With CIDR, routers must find out the best matching prefix (BMP) for IP packets forwarding, this complicates the IP lookup. Currently, this process is mainly performed in software and several schemes hale been proposed for hardware implementation. Since the IP lookup performance is a major design issue for the new generation routers, in this article we investigate the properties of the routing table and present a new approach for IP lookups, our approach is not based Gn BMP and significantly reduces the complexity, thus the computation cast of existing schemes can be significantly reduced. We also propose an efficient IP lookup algorithm, with which we improve the binary search on prefixes to 30 millions of packets per second (MPPS) and 5,000 route updates/s under the same experiment setup with an even larger routing table.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2016

Router main task is to provide routing of Internet Protocol (IP) packets. Routing is achieved with help of the IP lookup. Router stores information about the networks and interfaces in data structures commonly called as routing tables. Comparison of IP from incoming packet with the IPs stored in routing table for the information about route is IP Lookup. IP lookup performs by longest IP prefix matching. The performance of the IP router is based on the speed of prefix matching. IP lookup is a major bottle neck in the performance of Router. Various algorithms and data structures are available for IP lookup. This paper is about reviewing various tree based structure and its performance evaluation.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제28권9A호
• /
• pp.728-735
• /
• 2003

IP 네트워크에서 이동시스템에 대한 원활한 이동성 제공은 무선인터넷의 주요한 이슈이다. IETF에 의해 표준화된 IP 이동성 지원은 홈 에이전트로부터 방문 에이전트까지 IP 패킷의 터널링을 지원하며, 방문에이전트에서 홈에 이전트로 역방향 터널링을 지원한다. 이 논문에서 진입필터링 라우터 환경에서 IP 단말의 이동으로 인해 발생하는 패킷의 트라이앵글 라우팅의 문제점을 해결하고, 핸드오프 지연으로 인한 패킷손실 발생을 최소화하는 방법을 제안한다. 각 경계 라우터에 모바일 라우팅 테이블을 유지한 라우팅 에이전트의 동작을 통해, 핸드오프 발생시 각 노드의 처리 메시지의 부하를 줄이고, MN에서 CN으로의 역방향 메시지 전송에 대하여 FA에서 HA를 경유하여 메시지를 전달하지 않고 직접 CN의 라우터로 전달하는 직접 라우팅을 통해 메시지 전달 경로를 줄였으며, 이를 통해 패킷 손실을 줄이는 방법을 제안하였다. 표준 MIP, 라우팅 최적화 MIP, Wu의 방법과 제안 알고리즘의 비교를 통해 실험 결과를 제시하였으며 마지막으로 결론을 제시하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제12권8호
• /
• pp.1408-1414
• /
• 2008

인터넷과 IP 네트워크 기술의 발전은 IPTV, VoIP와 같은 IP Network을 통한 융합화된 새로운 서비스형태를 창출하게 되었다. 특히 차세대(Next Generation) IP 분야인 IPv6의 발전은 인터넷 사용자들의 증가로 인한 IP 주소 고갈의 문제를 해결해 줄 것이며, 보안, QoS 및 대용량의 대역폭등 높은 수준의 서비스 품질을 요구하는 IPTV Network에서는 그 중요성이 매우 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 IPv6 네트워크 환경 하에서 다양한 라우팅 프로토콜들에 대하여, 사용자 관점에서의 객관적 화질 평가방법인 PSNR을 이용하여 IPv6 네트워크에서 최적의 영상 품질을 서비스할 수 있는 기준을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.55-68
• /
• 2003

As mobile IP has been suggested only to support mobility of mobile station(MS) by which it dose nothing but guarantee MS's new connection to the network, it is for nothing in Quality of Service(QoS) after handoff of MS. QoS is very important factor in mobile IP network to provide multimedia applications and real-time services in mobile environment, and it is closely related to handoff delay Therefore as a main issue in mobile IP research area, handoff delay problem is actively studied to guarantee and promote QoS. In this paper, in order to resolve such a problem, we suggest Simple Network Management Network(SNMP) information-based routing that adds keyword management method to information-based routing in active network, and then propose QoS controlled handoff by SNMP information-based routing. After setting up routing convergence time, modeling of suggested method and existing handoff method is followed in order to evaluate the simulations that are carried out with NS-2. The result of simulation show the improvement of handoff delay, and consequently it turns off the QoS has been improved considerably.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.602-611
• /
• 2011

The inter-domain routing scalability issue is a major challenge facing the Internet. Recent wide deployments of multihoming and traffic engineering urge for solutions to this issue. So far, tunnel-based proposals and compact routing schemes have been suggested. An implicit assumption in the routing community is that structured address labels are crucial for routing scalability. This paper first systematically examines the properties of identifiers and address labels and their functional differences. It develops a simple Internet routing model and shows that a binary relation T defined on the address label set A determines the cardinality of the compact label set L. Furthermore, it is shown that routing schemes based on flat address labels are not scalable. This implies that routing scalability and routing stability are inherently related and must be considered together when a routing scheme is evaluated. Furthermore, a metric is defined to measure the efficiency of the address label coding. Simulations show that given a 3000-autonomous system (AS) topology, the required length of address labels in compact routing schemes is only 9.12 bits while the required length is 10.64 bits for the Internet protocol (IP) upper bound case. Simulations also show that the ${\alpha}$ values of the compact routing and IP routing schemes are 0.80 and 0.95, respectively, for a 3000-AS topology. This indicates that a compact routing scheme with necessary routing stability is desirable. It is also seen that using provider allocated IP addresses in multihomed stub ASs does not significantly reduce the global routing size of an IP routing system.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국시뮬레이션학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 1999

A mobile IP is proposed to support host mobility over the current Internet. One of the most important issues on the host mobility is location and routing schemes that allow mobile hosts to move effectively from one site to another. In a Mobile IP environment, frequent handoffs are likely to degrade the performance by minimizing the loss of datagrams during handoffs. The handoff scheme is using routing optimization and binding extension to improve the performance by minimizing the average transfer delay of messages and packet loss. Simulation details show the improvement of transport delays and packet loss rate.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2004

이동 IP 망에서 이동 IP의 삼각 라우팅 문제를 해결한 최적경로 IP 라우팅 기법은 이동 IPv6망에서의 이동성을 지원하는 기본 동작으로 되어있다. 본 논문에서는 이동 IP망의 최적 경로 기법을 ATM망에서의 NHRP를 이용한 단거리 터널설정 기법을 적용하여 그 성능을 평가하였다. 종단간 패킷 전달지연 시간 측면에서 기존 IP 라우팅 기법과 최적경로에서의 단거리 터널링 기법을 상호 비교하기 위하여 수학적 분석 및 모의실험을 수행하였다. 최적 경로의 단거리 터널링 기법은 기존 IP 라우팅 방식보다 초기 데이터의 경우 종단간 전달 지연시간이 클 수 있으나 이후 패킷부터는 종단간 데이터 전달 지연시간이 대폭 개선됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국시뮬레이션학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2003

Mobile IP has been designed only to maintain communication as they move form place to place, so it doesn't guarantee Quality of Service(QoS). QoS in mobile IP is important to provide multimedia and real-time applications services in mobile, and it is closely related to handoff delay. Therefore, handoff delay problem is actively studied to guarantee QoS as a main issue in mobile IP research area Next generation Mobile IPv6 resolve this problem somewhat, triangle problem for first packet and handoff delay still remain. In this paper, we suggest SNMP Information-based routing that adds keyword management method to Information-based routing in active network in order to resolve such a problem, and then suggest QoS controlled handoff based on SNMP Information-Based routing. After modeling of suggested method and existing handoff method simulations we carried out with NS-2 for performance evaluation. The results of simulations show the some improvement on handoff delay, and therefore on QoS improvement.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.873-889
• /
• 2014

IP address lookup is very crucial in performance of routers. Several works have been done on prefix caching to enhance the performance of IP address lookup. Since a prefix represents a range of IP addresses, a prefix cache shows better performance than an IP address cache. However, not every prefix is cacheable in itself. In a prefix cache it causes false hit to cache a non-leaf prefix because there is possibly the longer matching prefix in the routing table. Prefix expansion techniques such as complete prefix tree expansion (CPTE) make it possible to cache the non-leaf prefixes as the expanded forms, but it is hard to manage the expanded prefixes. The expanded prefixes sometimes incur a great deal of update overhead in a routing table. We propose a bitmap-based prefix cache (BMCache) to provide low update overhead as well as low cache miss ratio. The proposed scheme does not have any expanded prefixes in the routing table, but it can expand a non-leaf prefix using a bitmap on caching time. The trace-driven simulation shows that BMCache has very low miss ratio in spite of its low update overhead compared to other schemes.