• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.238-238
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• 2017

Salt stress is one of the deteriorating abiotic stresses due to the climate change, which causes over-accumulation of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ ions in plants and inhibits the growth and yield of rice especially in coastal Southeastern Asia. The yield components of rice plant (panicle number, spikelet number per panicle, 1000-grain weight, % of ripened grains) that are majorly affected by salt stress vary with growth stages at which the plant is subjected to the stress. In addition, the salt sensitivity of each yield component differs among rice varieties even when the salt-affected growth stage was same, which indicates that the physiological mechanism to maintain each yield component is different from each other. Therefore, we hypothesized that rice plant has different genes/QTLs that contribute to the maintenance of each yield component. Using a Japanese leading rice cultivar, Koshihikari, and salt-tolerant Nona bokra's chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with the genetic background of Koshihikari (44 lines in total) (Takai et al. 2007), we screened higher yielding CSSLs under salinity in comparison to Koshihikari and identified the yield components that were improved by the introgression of chromosome segment(s) of Nona bokra. The experiment was conducted in a salinized paddy field. One-month-old seedlings were transplanted into a paddy field without salinity. These were allowed to establish for one month, and then the field was salinized by introducing saline water to maintain the surface water at 0.4% salinity until harvest. The experiments were done twice in 2015 and 2016. Although all the CSSLs and Koshihikari decreased their yield under salinity, some CSSLs showed relatively higher yield compared with Koshihikari. In Koshihikari, all the yield components except panicle number were decreased by salinity and % of ripened grains was mostly reduced, followed by spikelet number per panicle and 1000-grain weight. When compared with Koshihikari, keeping a higher % of ripened grains under salinity attributed to the significantly greater yield in one CSSL. This indicated that the % of ripened grains is the most sensitive to salt stress among the yield components of Koshihikari and that the Nona bokra chromosome segments that maintained it contributed to increased yield under salt stress. In addition, growth analyses showed that maintaining relative growth rate in the late grain filling stage led to the increased yield under salt stress but not in earlier stages.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2013

FPS (farnesyl diphosphate synthase) plays an essential role in organ development in plants. However, FPS has not previously been identified as a key regulatory enzyme in triterpene biosynthesis. In order to investigate the effect of FPS on ginsenosides biosynthesis, we over-expressed FPS of Centella asiatica (CaFPS) in Panax giseng adventitious roots. PCR analysis showed the integrations of the CaFPS and hygromycin phosphotransferase genes and we ultimately selected three lines. The result of Southern blot analysis demonstrated the introduction of the CaFPS gene into genome of ginseng. In addition, the results of RT-PCR analysis revealed that CaFPS gene overexpression induced an accumulation of its transcription in the ginseng adventitious roots. To determine whether or not the overexpression of the CaFPS gene contributes to the downstream gene expression associated with triterpene biosynthesis, the level of mRNAs was analyzed by real-time PCR. The result showed that no differences were detected in any expression of all genes. To determine quantitatively the content of ginsenosides in transgenic ginseng adventitious roots, HPLC analysis was conducted. The content of total 7 ginsenosides was increased to 1.8, 1.4, and 1.7 times than that of the controls, respectively. This indicated that the overexpression of CaFPS in ginseng adventitious roots causes an increase in ginsenoside content, although down stream genes of FPS gene were suppressed by CaFPS overexpression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2012

This study aims to present the ground for the introduction of energy-saving landscape facilities which can meet the requirements of the age and create a new space by introducing the facilities which saves energy and that users prefer at the space where urbanites enjoy leisure activities in the urban parks. Thus, in addition to a spatial analysis of the parks for 10 urban parks in Gimpo, through an attitude survey on the users' behaviors, the following conclusions were drawn out. First, as a result of putting all facilities in the urban parks in Gimpo, on average, 6.9 out of the standards of 9 (76.6%) have been installed, and as a result of an analysis on the total number of the installed facilities, on average, about 28 kinds of facilities have been installed, so only 22.4% of the total 125 facilities were installed. Second, many urbanites are using the parks for the purpose of taking a walk and exercise to improve their health; however, the legal standards regulate only 2.9 exercise facilities on average in the target area, which are somewhat insufficient. Third, regarding the citizens' intent to participate in responding to climate change, 76% of them showed their intention of participation. Thus, if the energy-saving facilities, the purpose of this study, are introduced, many users will use them, and it is judged that costs for existing street lights and electric power plants will decrease. Fourth, as a result of an analysis of their satisfaction with the facilities, the value of R-square meaning the explanatory power of the independent variables put in a linear model for dependent variables was 0.860, approximately 81% of the total satisfaction, which was a high explanatory power. This study conducted an attitude survey on the users of urban parks in Gimpo at the dimensions of the introduction of energy-saving facilities in the urban parks, the national policies and responses to climate change. It is significant that it identified the appropriateness of developing much more energy-saving landscape facilities needed for low-carbon green growth in various types, and as a subsequent project, a more precision study on this is necessary continuously.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.706-713
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• 2017

This study compared and analyzed the water treatment efficiency and the applicability of water treatment plant using the existing Mechanical Rapid-Mixer by introducing the Non-powered Vortex Mixer to the domestic water treatment plant. For this study, fluid flow characteristics and head loss of a Non-powered Vortex Mixer are calculated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)respectively. The head loss rate inside the mixer was 11.30% when the inflow velocity was 0.5 m/sec, 16.27% at 0.6 m/sec and 21.44% at 0.7 m/sec, the head loss rapidly increased at the optimal velocity of 0.5 m/sec. For the inflow velocity of 0.5 m/sec, the turbulent intensity at the inlet was 2.37% and at the outlet was 7.83%, so there was sufficient mixing strength for the particulate matter and the coagulant. The result of the water quality of the treatment plants with the inflow velocity of 0.38 m/sec that was operated in three years after replacing all 12 units of the existing Rapid-Mixer with the Non-powered Mixer met the standards. Hence, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption of 64,143 ~ 65,306 kWh/year since the Rapid-Mixer is replaced by the Non-powered Vortex Mixer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2008

Xylan is a major hemicellulose component of the cell walls of monocots and hardwood, representing up to 30% of the dry weight of these plants. To efficiently hydrolyze xylan, the endoxylanase gene from Bacillus sp. was expressed in B. subtilis DB431 by introducing the plasmid pJHKJ4. The total activity of the recombinant endoxylanase reached about 857 unit/ml by batch fermentation of B. subtilis DB431/pJHKJ4 in LB maltose medium. The majority (>92%) of endoxylanase was efficiently secreted into the culture medium. The recombinant endoxylanase hydrolyzed more the birchwood xylan efficiently than the other xylans. When 4 % concentration of xylan was used, the highest production of xylooligosaccharide was observed, and xylobiose and xylotriose were the major products. Optimal amount of enzyme and reaction time for producing xylooligosaccharide were found to be 10 unit and 1 hr, respectively. In addition, the temperature of $40^{\circ}C{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ gave the highest production of xylooligosaccharide. Consequently, the optimized conditions for the production of xylooligosaccharide through the hydrolysis of xylan were determined as follows: 10 unit endoxylanase, $50^{\circ}C$, 4% birchwood xylan, 1 hr reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.26-34
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• 2023

This study conducted interviews with former and current managers of Cheongwadae landscape architecture to provide basic information necessary to preserve, manage, and utilize Gyeongbokgung Palace's back garden, and the main conclusions summarized are as follows. First, the topography changed a lot with the construction of the main building and the official residence under President Roh Tae-woo. The water system was connected to Gyeongbokgung Palace in the past, but is now disconnected. Second, in the case of planting, the most important principles were the president's security and protocol, and accordingly, trees were placed or managed. Trees were planted by introducing excellent trees in various regions, and wildflowers and ground cover plants were frequently replaced according to the season. Third, facilities and roads were arranged for the president's protocol, hobbies, and workers' rest, and fire-fighting facilities were installed to prevent disaster in the forest area of Baegaksan Mountain. Fourth, the biggest inflection point of Gyeongbokgung Palace's back garden during Cheongwadae period was the change in topography due to the new construction of the main building and official residence during President Roh Tae-woo, the removal of A and B barbed wire fences that separated space during President Roh Moo-hyun, and the extensive landscaping carried out for the G20 Summit under President Lee Myung-bak. The area of Gyeongbokgung Palace's back garden is expected to face another inflection point due to the opening of Cheongwadae on May 10, 2022, and the work of evaluating the historical, academic, and landscape values of Gyeongbokgung Palace's back garden should be carried out while preserving the status.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.54-67
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• 2023

Mount Tai, with an elevation of 1,532 meters, has a reputation as ''The Most Revered of the Five Sacred Mountains (五嶽獨尊)", despite not being the highest mountain in China. A guidebook is a book or pamphlet that contains an introduction and description of specific activities or facilities, especially detailed and accurate information about scenic spots, which provide superior vistas to than other commercially publicized locations. The study aims to investigate Mount Tai's landscape characteristics by analyzing the landscape types and elements, the Kernel Density, the Mean Center and the Standard Deviational Ellipse of the landscape elements appearing in guidebooks introducing Mount Tai. The research results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the landscape type characteristics of Mount Tai are dominated by natural landscapes, which are different from what was shown highlighted in poems and Big Data as they proposed that the landscape characteristics of Mount Tai is dominated by human activities. Second, from the perspective of subdivided landscape types, the landscape elements that appeared in Mount Tai are topography, structure, architecture, plants, semantics, human beings and image orderly, based on the proportion of landscape elements. Third, from the perspective of landscape elements by times series, "Fengshan (封禅)", "sacrifices (祭祀)" and "legends" mostly appeared in the 1950s and 1980s, and after the 1990s, "climbing" and "overlooking" mostly appeared. Fourth, the landscape elements of Mount Tai are concentrated in Daiding (岱顶) and Dai Temple (岱庙) in all periods in terms of spatial distribution. This will become an important space for Mount Tai scenic spots in the future. Moreover, as a whole, the landscape elements of Mount Tai have changed from the concentrated distribution form in Mount Tai scenic spot to the scattered distribution form including Mount Tai and Tai'an City. This will provide necessary enlightenment for the landscape preservation and the re-production of guidebooks of Mount Tai scenic spot in the future.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.460-467
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• 2009

This research was conducted for the purpose of investigating the influence substrates addition such as germanium or Granite porphyry gravel have on the growth of foliage, on the inorganic compositions of leaves as well as on root activity, in order to discover effective means of introducing plants to the indoors. Syngonium podophyllum, Dracaena sanderiana, Epipremnum aureum and Hedera helix were used as study subjects to which soil (mixed top-soil: Sunshine Mix No. 2, USA), tap water, tap water with germanium (300g), tap water with Granite porphyry gravel (300g) were added respectively and formulated. Studies on growth variations according to substrates addition indicate that growth of Syngonium podophyllum was most sluggish under tap water only treatment. Plant growth was most active under geranium-gravel treatment. In the case of Dracaena sanderiana, treatment of substrates addition had no meaningful influence on plant growth. However, the growth of Epipremnum aureum and Hedera helix was also shown to be most active under geranium-gravel treatment. Geranium-gravel treatment was shown to be particularly beneficial for root length, number of roots and dry weight. Root activity was analyzed on ten day intervals and there was discernable difference in the root activity of all the plants according to the varying treatments. In the case of the Syngonium podophyllum, the root activity was sluggish in all three types of treatment on the 10th day but improved gradually. On the 30th to the 50th day of the experiment, the root activity was found to be best under the Granite porphyry gravel treatment. In the case of the Dracaena sanderiana, the root activity was most active under the geranium-gravel treatment from the 10th to the 40th day but deteriorated from the 50th day. However, there was no significant different in all three treatments from the 60th day onwards. Analysis of the inorganic components of the leaves indicates that, while Ca and Mg were higher in the geranium than in the Granite porphyry gravel, they do not directly influence the content of inorganic components in the leaves. The results indicate that Epipremnum aureum and Hedera helix grow better under hydro-culture than when grown in soil and growth under hydro-culture is shown to increase when germanium is added to tap water.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.478-485
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• 2013

"GukMinSoHakDokBon", published in 1895, is the first national textbook designated by the Education Institute. Ten of the 41 chapters consist of scientific contents. In this thesis, some the contents are reviewed in detail and studied to see what significance it has in view of science education. The scientific contents described in "GukMinSoHakDokBon" include Plants Change, Clock, Camels, Wind, Hive, Respiration, Crocodiles, Nature of Animals, and Chemical Elements. For that kind of diversity, it was told that "GukMinSoHakDokBon" was not considered for normal students, and there were many ambiguities due to in sufficient explanations. Some of the contents were even technically wrong. So it has been noted that the scientific contents of "GukMinSoHakDokBon" have more significance in providing new information at that time but not in understanding newly-organized scientific knowledge. However, it is obvious that the early science education in Korea is composed of the methods of reading "GukMinSoHakDokBon". This is a common figure, which can be found in "Willson's Reader", the elementary reading textbook in the U.S. in the 1860's or "小學讀本" by the Ministry of Education in Japan. One thing remarkable is "GukMinSoHakDokBon" induced students' interests through the use of storytelling method for introducing some unfamiliar scientific knowledge. There is no doubt that "GukMinSoHakDokBon" has a very positive role in increasing students interest and intelligence. These advantages are being actively applied in the present model of storytelling education these days. Therefore, "GukMinSoHakDokBon" can be regarded as both a language textbook and an early figure in science education, and it can be also considered that "GukMinSoHakDokBon" has a significance not only in approaching scientific substances theoretically but in using storytelling methods to deliver unfamiliar and strange knowledges to students.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.352-363
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the load of nutrients contained in the drainage discharged from the facility horticultural complex and to use them for re-use of fluids and design for introduction of water treatment plants. Representative hydroponic cultivation crops were selected as tomato, paprika, cucumber, and strawberry, and the total number of samples analyzed for water quality was 80. As a result of the analysis, since various fertilizer components such as N, P, K⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Si₄⁺, HCO₃^-, Cl^-, S^2-, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo and B are contained at very high concentrations in the drainage, the need for water treatment was confirmed. Through statistical analysis, it was analyzed that the drainage concentration of strawberries was lower than that of tomatoes, paprika, and cucumbers. In the case of tomatoes, these essential ion concentrations are the highest, so it was confirmed that they are subject to valuable resources in terms of reuse of fertilizers. The load of N and P of the drainage discharged from the facility horticultural complex 1m² was analyzed. For N, the daily processing capacity of 4.0 kg of tomatoes, 3.3 kg of paprika, 3.0 kg of cucumbers, and 1.5 kg of strawberries was calculated based on 1 ha. It was suggested that the P concentration needs a scale and capacity that can handle 0.5 kg of tomatoes, 0.6 kg of paprika, 0.4 kg of cucumber, and 0.2 kg of strawberries per day. Through this study, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the drainage discharged from the greenhouse of each crop was evaluated to analyze the economy. In addition, it was expected to be used as basic data that can be used to calculate the treatment capacity to be reflected when introducing water treatment facilities in facility horticultural complexes for sustainable agriculture.