• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.427-438
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• 2018

The reduction of $CO_2$ emissions has been a key target in the marine industry since the IMO's MEPC published its findings in 2009. Air lubrication method is one of the mature technologies for commercialization to reduce the frictional resistance and enhance fuel efficiency of ships. Air layer is formed by the coalescence of the injected air bubbles beyond a certain air flow rate. In this study, a model ship (${\lambda}=33.33$) of a 50,000 ton medium range tanker is equipped with an air lubrication system. The experiments were conducted in the 100 m long towing tank facility at the Pusan National University. By selecting optimal air injector configuration and distribution ratio between two injectors, the total resistance of model $R_{TM}$ was able to be reduced down to 18.1% in the model scale. Key issue was found to suppress the sideway leakage of injected air by appropriate injection parameters.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.577-587
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• 2017

The recent IMO MEPC regulation on EEDI, EEOI and increased fuel cost has worsened the financial condition of the small and medium sized passenger ferry companies, and it is situated to acquire the economic ships with a pretty high resistance performance. The purpose of this research is to develop a design method on the efficient gooseneck bulb for the middle-sized passenger ferry operated in the Far East Asian seas. The hull forms are designed by varying the gooseneck bulb parameters to find the changes on the resistance performance according to the shape of bulb. The numerical series tests are made to derive the regression equation for estimating the resistance through analyzing the data statistically. This equation is set as an objective function, and then using the optimization algorithm searches for the optimal combination of the design variables. After a hull form is designed corresponding to optimized parameters.

• Journal of Korea Ship Safrty Technology Authority
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• s.29
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• pp.42-59
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• 2010

IMO에서는 MEPC58차, 59차 회기에서 선박평형수, 온실가스, 선박재활용 등 약 20종의 의제가 논의되었으며 이들 중에서 시급성을 요하는 NOx, SOx 강화기준, 유조선간 유류이송, IOPP증서 및 기름기록부의 양식변경 등에 관한 MARPOL 부속서6 및 1의 결의사항에 대하여 국내의 해양환경법에도 국제협약의 개정사항을 수용해야 한다. 또한, 정부에서는 현행의 해양 환경관리법에서 선박오염방지에 관한 법률을 분리제정하려는 동향이 있는 바 정부시책에 동참하는 선상에서 국제협약의 개정사항을 반영한 선박해양오염방지에 관한 법률 제정안을 선박검사 기관의 입장에서 제시한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.620-625
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• 2015

In an effort to reduce the onset of global warming, the International Maritime Organization Marine Environment Protection Committee (IMO MEPC) proposed the reduction in ship speeds as a way of lowering the proportion of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) in the Green House Gas emissions from ships. To minimize fuel costs, shipping companies have already been performing slow steaming for their own fleets. Specifically, the slow steaming approach has been adopted for most ocean-going container lines. In addition, because of the increased marine fuel cost that is required to enable increased capacity, there is an urgent need for more advanced fuel-saving technologies. Therefore, in this present study, we propose a fuel-cost reduction method that can improve the performance of diesel engines. We introduce a predetermined amount (0.025% of the amount of fuel used) of fuel additive (oil-soluble calcium-based organometallic compound). For improved experimental accuracy, as the test subjects, we utilize a large two-stroke diesel engine installed in land plants. The loads of the test engine were classified as low, medium, and high (50, 75, and 100%, respectively). We compare the engine performance parameters (power output, fuel consumption rate, p-max, and exhaust temperature) before and after the addition of fuel additives. Our experimental results, confirmed that we can realize fuel-cost savings of at least 2% by adding the fuel additive in low load conditions (50%). Likewise, the maximum combustion pressure was found to have increased. On the other hand, we observed that there was a reduction in the exhaust temperature.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.762-767
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• 2016

High thermal efficiency and the ability to use various types of fuel are a few of the many advantages of diesel engines. However, a major disadvantage is that their exhaust emissions are more harmful to humans and the environment than that of conventional engine. Consequently, the provisions of the international emissions standards for diesel engine equipped passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and ships have become more stringent. These standards include the EU Euro 6, the IMO MEPC Tier 3, and the US EPA Tier 4. Ryu et al. published a study that applied fuel additives to two-stroke diesel engines. In this study, a four-stroke diesel engine using diesel oil for a generator is utilized as the test subject, and an experiment is performed to verify whether fuel additive can be used to improve performance and exhaust emissions. In addition, this experimental study presents research results for the application of fuel additives in both two-stroke and four-stroke diesel engines. The experimental results were compared and analyzed by placing an oil-soluble calcium-based organometallic compound in diesel oil. The results confirmed that the addition of fuel additive improved the performance (fuel consumption rate, exhaust gas temperature) and exhaust emissions (NOx, CO) of the diesel engine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.206-211
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• 2003

Bans on TBT based antifouling paints have been drafted since 1998 by meeting 42, 43, 45 and 46 for the MEPC(Marine Environmental Protection Committee) of the International Marine Organization, and decided finally at a Diplomatic Conference of the IMO in October 2001. It was a key issue that there should be a global prohibition on the presence of organo-tin compounds in ships by 1 Jan. 2008. TBT Paint Waste from ship happens by vast quantity since 2003. This paper suggests a method to design Treatment System for TBT Paint Waste from Ship. The result of measurement in pyrolysis system were removal rate on 99％. at hight temperature in 1000$^{\circ}C$ and reaction time 1hr. TBT removal was more that 99％.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.449-454
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• 2003

Bans on TBT based antifouling paints have been drafted since 1998 by meetings 42, 43, 45 and 46 for the MEPC(Marine Environmental Protection Committee) of the international Maritime Organization, and decided finally at a Diplomatic Conference of the IMO in October 2001. It was a key issue that there should be a global prohibition on the presence of organo-tin compounds in ships by 1 Jan. 2008. TBT Paint Wastes from ship have been produced by vast quantity since 2003. This paper suggests a method to design Treatment System for TBT Paint Waste from Ship. The organotion compound was dissolved by heating, and the organic matters was oxidized and turned into inorganotins, then they were stabilized in the end. At 500^{\circ}C$, the organotin compound which heated for one hour was removed by 58%, and in 1000^{\circ}C$ the organotin compound was treated by 99.9% after and hour of heating treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.19-20
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• 2006

The emission of particulate matter from marine diesel engines is already restricted by regional regulations in some countries, and IMO has been preparing the regulation for particulate matter from 53rd MEPC. But confusingly, the gravimetric PM measurement methods and procedures are not established clearly yet. On the other hand, smoke measurement method is set clearly, and it can also indicate PM, though it is not direct gravimetric method. As the preparing step for regulations about PM, we measured the smote density of exhaust emission from the marine four-stroke diesel engines operated in constant speed and various load steps on the test-bed, using the filter-type smoke measuring instrument. As a result, we understood the omission characteristics of smoke from the engines. Additionally, to obtain the objective reliability of our measurement data, we carried out experimental studies about various measuring parameters that could affect the smoke density.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.362-373
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• 2012

The ship recycling industry is growing rapidly. It is estimated that the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) decision to phase-out single hull tankers by 2015 will result in hundreds of ships requiring disposal. At present, the ship recycling industry is predominantly based in South Asia. Due to the bad practice of current scrapping procedure, the paper will highlight the harm occurring to health, safety and environment. The efforts of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) which led to the signing of the Hong Kong International Convention are also reviewed. The criteria and standards required to reduce the risk and damage to the environment are discussed and a proposed plan for the safe scrapping of ships is then presented. A technological and economic study for the ship recycling in Egypt is carried out as a case study. This includes the ship recycling facility size and layout. The equipment and staff required to operate the facility are also evaluated. A cost analysis is then carried out. This includes site development, human resources, machineries and equipment. A fuzzy logic approach is used to assess the benefits of the ship breaking yard. The use of the fuzzy logic approach is found suitable to make decisions for the ship breaking industry. Based on given constraints, the proposed model has proved capable of assessing the profit and the internal rate of return.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.198-200
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• 2013

최근 국제해사기구(IMO)의 해양환경보호위원회에서(MEPC)는 선박에서 대기로 방출되는 CO2의 양을 최소로 하기 위해서 신조선 설계 건조시 에너지효율지수(EEDI : Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships), 에너지 효율지표(EEOI : Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator), 그리고 에너지 효율관리 계획(SEEMP : Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) 지수들을 이용하여 전 세계 이산화탄소 배출 규제 방침을 운영하고 있다. 이러한 환경규제 강화와 발맞추어 세계 각국은 지속적인 Green-ship의 개발과 저탄소 고효율 선박의 운항을 위해 연구와 노력한다. 본 연구에서는 선박이 움직이는데 있어 동력이 시작되는 부분과 그 힘이 전달되어 운항자의 의식이 반영되어 선체의 이동으로 이어지기까지 흐름에 대해 도식 및 수식으로 정리하였다. 그리하여 해상의 상태와 이에 따른 운항결정이 어떤 결과를 초래할 수 있는지 살펴보고 이 부분에서 운항효율을 증대시킬 수 있는 부분에 대해 모색해 보았다. 또한 엔진의 상태에 따른 연료 절감율에 대해 살펴보고 보다 경제적 운항을 위한 적정 RPM과 속도 등에 대해서 고찰해 보았다. 이 같은 정리를 통해 앞으로의 Echo-ship, Green-ship의 연구방향에 대한 초석으로 삼고자 한다.