• ALGAE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.355-366
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• 2014

Fucoxanthin is known to be an effective cell proliferation inhibitor with anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities. However, there is a lack of data regarding the biological effects of cis isomers of fucoxanthin. To assess the potential therapeutic properties of 9'-cis-(6'R) fucoxanthin (FcA), and 13-cis and 13'-cis-(6'R) fucoxanthin complex (FcB) isolated from Sarggassum siliquastrum, we investigated their inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells. FcA and FcB reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein and mRNA levels, as well as the migration of these cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, FcA and FcB increased levels of MMPs inhibition factors such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. FcA and FcB significantly inhibited the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) and by inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Our results demonstrate that suppression of the NF-${\kappa}B$, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways may inhibit PMA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Therefore, FcA and FcB may be useful in noninvasive therapeutic strategies against fibrosarcoma metastasis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-63
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• 1969

A series of experiment was carried out to study on the production of disease-free seed potatoes at the Alpine Experiment Station from 1960 to 1968, which initiated a study of comparison on degeneration of plain warm region and high altitude products and the effect of latent potato virus X (PVX) and potato leaf roll virus(PLRV) on degeneration. Particular observations were made on some aspect of the nature of potato virus disease and its control such as concentrations of PVX, range of host plants, physical properties such as concentrations of PYX, range of host plants, physical properties and carrying effect of insects, by investigating 9 different areas of the main potato producing regions (Kimhae, Taegu, Choongju, Taejoen, Suwon, Kwangju, Chonju, Cheju and Chinju). Highly purified anti-serum was separated and tested for control of the virus disease and also various method of prevention and control of PLRV were observed, using cultivation of sprouted seed tubers, early harvesting method, and systemic chemicals. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Potato yield in the plain region decreased by 32.8~66.3% in the first year cultivation of seed potatoes from colder region, and the rate of virus infection was 92.9 to 95.4%. 2. Plants of three families including, 20 species were susceptible to the PVX, and among the plants Salvia officinalis of a habits only was the carrier while the symptom of Digitalis purpurea of Screphulariaceae was masked. Necrosis and ring spot was occurred in most pJants of the Solanaceae and ring spot symptom also was observed in Nicotiana tabacum L. var. White Burley and in N. glutinosa. 3. The 8$C_2$ strain of virus had the following physical properties; thermal inactivation point, 68-$72^{\circ}C$ : dilution inactivation point, above 1, 000, 000 dilution: ageing in vitro, 240-360 days: and ageing in dry plant tissue, 30 days. 4. Myzus persicae and Oxya spp. did not transmit the 8$C_2$ strain of potato virus. 5. Virus was purified through the ammonium sulphate isolating method, and higher titer value, 1/2048 was obtained through anti-serum test. 6. Inhibition Chenopodiacae on the virus infection of potato was remarkable, and inhibition of local lesion host also was observed. 7, By earlier planting of sprouted seed tubers, growth period could be prolonged by 10 to 12 days. 8. Earlier harvest decreased much the rate of virus infection of seed potatoes. 9. According to the results of aphid control trial using systemic soil insecticides at Kangnung and Taekwanlyung, PSP 204, Disyston and Thimet was effective to aphid control. In particular, control effect of twice treatments of PSP 204 was great. 10. Treatmental effect of those chemicals lasted about 60-70 days. However, single foliar application of emulsified chemicals was not effective to potato virus control. 11. The effect of PSP 204, Disyston, and Thimet on the control of potato leaf roll virus was great, particularly in the case of two treatments of PSP 204, at Kangnung as well as at Taekwanlyung. Higher negative correlationship between the control effect of potato leaf roll virus and potato yield was observed showing the value r=-0.85 at Kangnung, and r=-0.87 at Taekwanlyung. 12. Differences in the control effects among PSP 204, Disyston, and Thimet was not noticed.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.466-474
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of plant oils or egg white powder and wheat fiber on the quality properties of hamburger patties. Beef patties were manufactured from the control oil (tallow, 10%), CP (canola oil, 10%), OP (olive oil, 10%), COP (corn oil, 10%), and SP (sunflower oil, 10%). The patties that contained plant oils had lower cooking loss than the control patties. The CIE $L^{\ast}$-values before cooking were highest for the SP treatments and lowest for the control patties. In terms of the fatty acid composition, the plant oil treatments, regardless of cooking, had higher monounsaturated/saturated fatty acid (M/S) ratios than the control patties, but had lower trans fatty acid contents than the control samples. In the sensory evaluations, the color and overall acceptability were more highly evaluated in the control patties than in the patties that contained plant oils.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.991-995
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 1차원 이송-분산 과정을 연구하고 전단류 흐름 및 분산거동에 있어 Taylor 이론의 핵심이라 할 수 있는 '종방향 이송과 횡방향 확산의 균형'을 기본 개념으로 하여, 이송과 확산을 분리하여 이 두 과정이 순차적으로 발생한다는 가정에 의거한 순차혼합모형을 제시하였다. 본 모형에서는 가상의 하천을 여러 개의 행과 종방향 거리를 길이가 일정한 구획으로 나누어 연속적인 분산과정을 이산적인 형태로 나타낼 수 있게 하고, 횡방향 유속분포에 따라 각 행에 각기 다른 유속을 할당한다. 오염물질은 하폭방향 선오염원으로 원점에 순간주입되며, 주어진 혼합시간 $t_m$ 동안 각 행의 오염물질들이 각자에 할당된 유속을 따라 진행하고 진행이 끝난 후 횡방향 확산이 순간적으로 이루어진다. 횡방향 확산은 횡방향으로 완전하게 일어남을 가정하여, 횡방향 확산이 끝나면 각 열에서의 농도 평균값이 할당된다. 이러한 혼합시간 $t_m$ 동안의 순차적인 이송-확산 과정이 반복되면서 오염물질의 분산이 일어나며, 농도 분포 그래프를 그릴 수 있게 된다. 순차혼합모형을 가상의 직선하천에 적용하여 종분산계수를 유도하였는데, 본 연구에서 유도된 종분산계순식은 Fischer.가 제안한 식과 유사한 형태로 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 본 모형에서 계산된 농도분포 곡선을 해석해와 비교한 결과,두 곡선이 적절히 일치함을 확인할 수 있었으며 해석해와의 비교를 통해 종분산계수 K가 혼합시간 $t_m$과 선형관계임을 확인할 수 있었다. 수심대하폭비에 따라 각기 다른 유속분포에 적용하여 종분산계수 K가 유속편차강도의 제곱에 비례관계에 있음이 밝힐 수 있었다. 수압은 $4.69kg/cm^2$으로 나타났다. 밸브 개폐도가 $100\%$일 때가 밸브를 $60\%$와 $80\%$ 개폐시켰을 때보다 $0.3kg/cm^2,\;0.29kg/cm^2$ 낮게 나타나 밸브를 전체 개방 했을 때 관로내의 수압이 상수설계기준에 적합한 수압을 유지함을 알 수 있다. 상수관로 설계 기준에서는 관로내 수압을 $1.5\~4.0kg/cm^2$으로 나타내고 있는데 $6kg/cm^2$보다 과수압을 나타내는 경우가 $100\%$로 밸브를 개방하였을 때보다 $60\%,\;80\%$ 개방하였을 때가 더 빈번히 발생하고 있으므로 대상지역의 밸브 개폐는 $100\%$ 개방하는 것이 선계기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 밸브 개폐에 따른 수압 변화를 모의한 결과 밸브 개폐도를 적절히 유지하여 필요수량의 확보 및 누수방지대책에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.8R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $Ro(mm)=Ro_{10}{\times}0.797{\times}e^{-0.021s(\%)}$로

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1083-1087
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• 2005

하수처리장의 침전지는 고형물(SS)을 침전, 제거하여 하수를 정화하는 시설로서 생물학적처리에 의해 발생하는 슬러지와 처리수를 분리하는 것을 주목적으로 한다. 장방형침전지의 경우, 유입된 하수가 침전지의 전 단면에 걸쳐 균일하게 도달하게 하기 위하여 $6\~20\%$ 정도의 유공율을 가진 유공정류벽을 설치하며 유효 침전구역에서의 유속은 0.08 m/sec 이하가 되도록 설계되어야 한다. 지금까지 침전지 유입부의 설계시에는 상기 설계기준만을 참조하여 설계가 진행되고 있는 실정으로 보다 나은 대안을 도출하기 위한 분석은 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 수치모형인 FLOW-3D를 이용하여 침전지의 유입부 설계를 위한 설계인자를 도출하였다. 특히 유공정류벽의 크기, 위치 유공율에 따라서 유입하수의 수리적인 특성을 3차원적으로 분석하였다. 저류벽의 위치에 따른 유량의 분배효과를 검토하기 위하여 저류벽의 폭, W를 2.4 m로 고정하고 유입부에서 저류벽까지의 거리, L을 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m로 변화시키며 수치모의를 수행하였다. 그리고 저류벽의 폭에 따른 유량의 분배효과를 검토하기 위하여 L을 고정하고 W를 변화시키며 수치모의를 수행하였다. 유공정류벽의 유공율에 따른 유량의 연직 분배효과를 검토하기 위하여 유공율을 변화시키며 연직위치별 통과유량을 산정하였다 각 모의조건에 대한 통과유량 산정결과, 유공율이 $7\%$일때 통과유량의 표준편차가 가장 작게 발생하며, 유공율이 $7\%$보다 감소하거나 증가하면 표준편차가 증가하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 상용 CFD모형인 FLOW-3D를 계획 중인 하수처리장의 침전지 유입부 설계에 적용하였으며 저류벽의 위치와 폭, 유공정류벽의 유공율에 따른 유입하수의 분배효과를 분석하였다. 실험을 수행하여 보다 정밀한 공식으로 개선할 수 있었다.$10,924m^3/s$ 및 $10,075m^3/s$로서 실험 I의 $2,757m^3/s$에 비해 통수능이 많이 개선되었음을 알 수 있다.함을 알 수 있다. 상수관로 설계 기준에서는 관로내 수압을 $1.5\~4.0kg/cm^2$으로 나타내고 있는데 $6kg/cm^2$보다 과수압을 나타내는 경우가 $100\%$로 밸브를 개방하였을 때보다 $60\%,\;80\%$ 개방하였을 때가 더 빈번히 발생하고 있으므로 대상지역의 밸브 개폐는 $100\%$ 개방하는 것이 선계기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 밸브 개폐에 따른 수압 변화를 모의한 결과 밸브 개폐도를 적절히 유지하여 필요수량의 확보 및 누수방지대책에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.8R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $Ro(mm)=Ro_{10}{\times}0.797{\times}e^{-0.021s(\%)}$로 나타났다.천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심질환이다. 그러나 진단 즉시 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술로 수술적 교정을 해줌으로써 좋은 성적을 기대할 수 있음을 보여주었다.특히 교사들이 중요하게 인식하는 해방적 행동에 대한 목표를 강조

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship of radiographic lesion size, gender, age of patients and radiographic character to the diagnosis of periapical cyst and granuloma. The data was collected from 187 periapical lesions of 167 patients who undergone apical surgery at Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 2003 to 2005. The lesion were surgically removed and send for biopsy to the Oral Pathology Laboratory. From the initial radiograph, lesion size was calculated using $PiViewSTAR^{(R)}$ (INFINITT, Korea) program. The obtained data were statistically evaluated using SPSS (p<0.05). The result were as followings: 1. From 187 biopsy samples, the incidence of periapical cyst was 28.34% and granuloma was 65.24%. 2. There was a significant correlation between periapical cyst and the size of radiographic lesion (p<0.01). 3. There were no significant correlations between age, gender, location of lesion and the final diagnosis (p>0.05). 4. There was a significant correlation between the non-demarcation of the lesion and the incidence of periapical granuloma (p<0.01).

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.172-179
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• 2000

Bretlanomyces C!tstersii Hl-39 mutant was immobilized with various caniers. Immobilized mutant Hl-39 produced more ethanol and showed higher productivity and cell concentration than those of free 81-39 in 3.4% hydrolyzate of wood-chips at different temperatures ($37^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$ and $43^{\circ}C$). At $37^{\circ}C$, ethanol concentration produced by mutant H1-39 immobilized in Ca-alginate and ARG(l % Ca-alginate, 1.67% bentonite, 0.33% glutaraldehyde) bead were higher than those produced by the other earners (ACG ; 1 % CaHalginate. ] .67% celite R-634 , 0.33% glutaraldehyde, ABP ; 1 % Ca-alginate. 1.67% bentonite, 0.33% pectin. ACP: 1 % Ca-alginate, ] .67% celiLe R-634, 0.33% pecLin). The highest value of productivity(l.23 ) was obtained by using ABG beads. At $40^{\circ}C$, ethanol conccntration and productivity obtained by ABC beads ,>,"ere 15.2 glL and 0.84 gl L.h, respectively, which showed the highest value compared to other carriers. Particularly, productivity of ilmnobilized ceIl was increased up to 90% as compared to that offree cell. On the other hand, ABP(l % Ca-alginate+L67% bentonile+O.33% pectin) beads gave the best resulLs at $43^{\circ}C$ for production of ethanol and productivity, which were 13.8 g!l and 0.77 g/l h, respectively.ively.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2017

Recently, tunneling under the seabed is becoming increasingly common in many countries. In Korea, there are proposals to tunnel from the mainland to Jeju Island. Safe construction requires geologic structures such as faults to be characterized during the design and construction phase; however, unlike on land, such structures are difficult to survey seabed. This study aims to develop an algorithm that uses geostatistics to automatically derive large-scale geological structures on the seabed. The most important considerations in this method are the optimal size of the moving window, the optimal type of spatial statistics, and determination of the optimal percentile standard. Finally, the optimal analysis algorithm was developed using the R program, which comprehensibly presents variations in spatial statistics. The program allows the type and percentile standard of spatial statistics to be specified by the user, thus enabling an analysis of the geological structure according to variations in spatial statistics. The geotechnical defense-training algorithm shows that a large, linear geological lineament is best visualized using a $3{\times}3$ moving window and a 10% upper standard based on the moving variance value and fractile. In particular, setting the fractile criterion to the upper 0.5% almost entirely eliminates the error values from the contour image.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.396-403
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• 2014

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is an economically valuable pharmaceutical crop in Korea. In order to find promising biocontrol agents for soil-borne fungal pathogens which infect ginseng roots, we have isolated actinomycete, BK185 from soil. The isolate was investigated for the antifungal activity against to ginseng rot pathogens prior to testing genetic and chemical properties. The strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. using phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. The most closely related species was S. sporoclivatus and S. geldanamycininus with high similarities (>99%). The isolate, BK185 showed positive reaction for PCR detection targeting biosynthetic gene clusters of PKS (Type-I polyketide synthase) and NRPS (Non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetase) genes. Major metabolite from the BK185 was analyzed by The LC/MS and identified to geldamycin, which was known to contained broad antibacterial, antifungal or anticancer activities. The results provide evidences that the strain, BK185 can be promising biocontrol agent for ginseng organic farming.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 1986

In accordance with a rapid growth of demani on aquatic animals, researches of the unused fishery resources On the deep sea b~d in the Korean Waters has been and will be required. The authors carried out a series of fishing experiments to investigate the available resources and to find the effective fishing method on the deep sea bed of the Korean East Sea. In the experiments, 19 kinds of traps which are different from each other in shape, mesh size and entrance diameter were used. The fishing experiments w~r;; carried out in four areas of 20Dm, 600.'11, 800m and 1000.'11 deep respectively, by the Pusan 402 (30:) GT) and the Pusan 403 (279GT), the training ships of National Fisheries University of Pusan, during August, 1986. The catc~ were analyzed with the size, the depth and the construction of traps. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. Main species of the catch w~re pink shrimp, Pandalus bolelis, a kind of welks, Buccimum striatissimum and a kind of larg~ crabs. Chiono8cetes japonicus and the another species were few. 2. The CPUE value (expressed by the number of catch per trap in this paper) of pink shrimp was the highest in the depth of 20J-n around, and the value in the depth of 600.'11 or more decreased gradually with an increase of the depth. But, the value of Buccimum straitissimum was much higher in the depth of 6:J:)!1I or more than that in the depth of 200m around. On the other hand, the value of Chion:Jecetes japonjcus was very low in general. 3. The iniividual body size of the catch differed with the depth. Pink shrimps caught in the depth of 200m around were smaller than those in the depth of 600.'11 or more. In contrast with this, Baccimum striatissim:t.m caught in the depth of 200m around were larger than those in the depth of 600.'11 or more. 4. Depending on the selection curve in Ishida's method for the mesh size of trap webbing, the carapace length of pink shrimp and the shell length of Buccimum striatissimum which are equivalent to 100% relative catching efficiency can be estimated about 3.5cm and 6.5cm or so respectively. 5. The number of catch of pink shrimp and Buccimum striatissimum by the 60.'1'1.'11 entrance diameter of trap were less than that by the 90mm, 120mm and 150mm, even thogh the diffierence am~r, g 9:Jmm, 120.'11.'11 and 150:1'.'11 are not so large.