• 약학회지
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2004

Primary pro-inflammatory cytokines are a trio: tumor necrosis- $\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukine-$\beta$ (IL-$\beta$), and interleukine-6 (IL-6). These cytokines initiate and regulate the acute-phase inflammatory response during infection, trauma, or stress and appear to play an important role in the immune process. Nitric oxide (NO) is a multi-functional mediator, which plays an important role in regulating various biological functions in vivo. NO production by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages is essential for the defense mechanisms against microorganisms and tumor cells. However, over-expression of iNOS by various stimuli, resulting in over-production of NO, contributes to the pathogenesis of septic shock and some inflammatory and auto-immune disease. Solvent fractions of sage ( Salvia officinalis L.), which is cultivated in Jeju-Do, was assayed for their effects on TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Hexane and ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction of sage inhibited the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. Also, incubation of RAW 264.7 cells with the fraction of hexane or EtOAc (50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) inhibited the LPS induced nitrite accumulation and the LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$ induced iNOS protein. And this inhibition of iNOS protein is concordant with the inhibition of iNOS mRNA expression. Above results suggest that extract of sage may have anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6), iNOS and NO.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제57권3호
• /
• pp.216-226
• /
• 2024

This study screened the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of three extracts [1% acetic acid (HAc), distilled water (D.W.), and ethanol] from the common stalked barnacle Pollicipes mitella. Among the extracts, the 1% HAc extract showed the strongest antibacterial activity against several bacteria, but exhibited no activity against Candida albicans. To improve the degree of separation of the 1% HAc extract, solid-phase extraction was performed using a C18 cartridge with three solvents (D.W., 60A, and 100A). The 1% HAc 60A eluate showed the strongest antibacterial activity and enzyme, salt, and temperature stability, with no hemolytic activity. In addition, strong DNA-binding ability but no bacterial membrane permeability was observed. These results indicate that the P. mitella 1% HAc 60A eluate may contain antibacterial organic compounds that target intracellular components but not bacterial membranes. In addition, the 1% HAc 60A eluate exhibited potent inhibitory activity to reduce the production of inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide and prostaglandin E₂) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β) with no cytotoxicity. Therefore, the P. mitella 1% HAc 60A eluate has anti-inflammatory activity. Collectively, our results suggest that the P. mitella 1% HAc 60A eluate can be used as a bioactive source with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.163-173
• /
• 2016

Flavonoid myricetin, usually found in tea and medicinal plants, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Our objectives in this study were to verify the effects of myricetin on periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) under inflammatory conditions and to observe its effects on osteoclast generation and on cytokine expression in RAW264.7 cells. To determine the effects of myricetin on PDLFs, we examined the expression and activity of proteolytic enzymes, including MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-8, which all play an important role in chronic periodontitis. We observed the effects of myricetin on intracellular signal transduction to verify the molecular mechanism involved. By measuring the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and the expression and activity of MMP-8, we were able to assess the effects of myricetin on osteoclast generation. In addition, by measuring the secretion of IL-6 and NO, we could evaluate the effects of myricetin on inflammatory mediators. We found that Myricetin had no effect on the viability of the PDLFs in the presence of inflammation, but it did decrease both the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-8 and the enzyme activity of MMP-2 and MMP-8 in these fibroblasts. Myricetin also decreased the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated phosphorylation of JNK, p38 signaling, IKKB, AKT, and p65RelA in the PDLFs. In the RAW264.7 cells, myricetin inhibited both the expression and the activity of MMP-8. Furthermore, Myricetin not only suppressed the generation of LPS-stimulated osteoclasts, but it also slightly inhibited LPS-stimulated degradation of IkB and decreased the release of LPS-induced IL-6 and NO. These findings suggest that myricetin alleviates the tissue-destructive processes that occur during periodontal inflammation.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.988-1000
• /
• 2023

Hesperetin은 Hesperidin에서 유도되는 강한 항산화 기능의 플라보노이드 비당체이다. 본 연구에서는 Hesperetin과 이의 Cyclodextrin 포접 복합체에 대하여 항산화, 항염증 및 항균 활성을 비교하였다. Hesperetin은 Hesperidin에 효소처리하여 제조되었으며, Hesperetin/Cyclodextrin 포접체는 용매 증류법에 의해 𝛽-Cyclodextrin 및 Hydroxypropyl-𝛽-Cyclodextrin을 사용하여 제조되었다. Hesperetin에 비해 Hesperetin/Hydroxypropyl-𝛽-Cyclodextrin 포접체의 용해도는 93.5배 증가하였고, Hesperetin/𝛽-Cyclodextrin 포접체의 용해도는 22.5배 증가하였다. 항산화 분석에서 Hydroxypropyl-𝛽-Cyclodextrin 포접체는 Hesperetin과 유사한 라디칼 소거 활성능을 보인 반면, 𝛽-Cyclodextrin 포접체는 Hesperetin 보다 약간 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. RAW 264.7 세포에 대한 세포독성은 Hydroxypropyl-𝛽-Cyclodextrin 포접체, 𝛽-Cyclodextrin 포접체, Hesperetin의 순으로 세포독성이 낮았다. Hesperetin과 Cyclodextrin 포접체는 모두 세포내 산화질소(NO), 종양괴사인자-𝛼(TNF-𝛼) 및 인터루킨-6(IL-6)과 같은 염증 매개체를 감소시켰다. Hesperetin 및 Hydroxypropyl-𝛽-Cyclodextrin 포접체는 상대적으로 𝛽-Cyclodextrin 포접체 보다 더 효과적이었다. 피부 유해성 세균인 황색 포도상구균과 녹농균에 대해 억제 효과를 시험한 결과, 황색 포도상구균에 대해서는 Hesperetin = Hydroxypropyl-𝛽-Cyclodextrin 포접체 > 𝛽-Cyclodextrin 포접체의 순서로 항균 효과를 나타내었으나, 녹농균에 대해서는 뚜렷한 억제효과를 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로, Hesperidin의 비당체 형태인 Hesperetin과 이의 Cyclodextrin 포접체는 다양한 생물학적 활성을 보여주었으며, 용해도가 높은 Hydroxypropyl-𝛽-Cyclodextrin 포접체가 𝛽-Cyclodextrin 포접체에 비해 상대적으로 더 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.671-676
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 최근 국민들이 많은 관심을 갖는 식물발효 효소액 중 부추 당침액(부추:설탕 1:3)을 유산균(Lactobacillus acidophilus AML 0422, Lactobacillus brevis HLJ 59, Lactobacillus helveticus AML0410, Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC 13093) 발효를 통해 발효 부추액의 항균활성 및 항산화활성과 항고혈압활성 등의 기능성을 발효 전 후의 유효특성을 조사하였다. 유산균을 이용하여 발효한 발효 부추액은 S. aureus KCTC 1916에 대해 31.43 mm의 높은 항균력을 보이는 것으로 조사되었으며, 총 폴리페놀함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량과 DPPH 활성 소거능이 160.8-178 mg/ml, 100-108 mg/ml, 82.8-93.5%로 각각 조사되었다. DPPH 활성 소거능에 있어서는 Vitamin C 50 ppm과 유사한 활성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 심혈관질환 및 뇌혈관질환 등 고혈압과 관련이 깊은 ACE 저해활성은 유산균의 종류에 따라 50.4-67%로 발효전인 32.6%보다 좋은 활성을 보이는 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하였을 때 유용 유산균을 이용한 부추 당침액의 발효산물은 항균활성, 항산화활성과 ACE 저해활성 등 우수한 생리활성 효과를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.107-128
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This experiment was designed to investigate the efficacy of DDTCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on Alzheimer's Disease Model. Methods : The effects of the DDTCMT hot water extract on expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2, NOS-II, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist mRNA and production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) were investigated. Expression of NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS and AChE activity in PC-12 cell treated by NGF were investigated. anti-AChE was observed through Western blot analysis. The effects of the DDTCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on the behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated. Results : 1. The DDTCMT hot water extract significantly decreased the production of mIL-6, mNOS-II, mTNF-${\alpha}$, and increased the production of mIL-10, mIL-1 receptor antagonist. 2. The DDTCMT hot water extract significantly suppressed the production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. 3. The DDTCMT hot water extract significantly suppressed the NO and ROS production in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. 4. The DDTCMT hot water extract groups showed inhibition of AChE activity in NGF treated PC-12 cell line. 5. The DDTCMT hot water extract suppressed anti-AChE expression in NGF treated PC-12 cell line was observed by Western blot analysis. 6. The DDTCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine -induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. Conclusions : These results suggest that the DDTCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 2008

We previously reported that anti-inflammatory properties of poncirin, isolated from fruit of Poncirus trifoliata, might be the result from the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis $factor-{\acute{a}}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) expression via the down-regulation of $NF{-\kappa}B$ binding activity. In this study, we investigated whether poncirin has an inhibitory effect on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators ex vivo and whether poncirin could relieve the symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice model of inflammatory bowel disease. Poncirin significantly inhibited the productions of NO, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse peritoneal macrophage. In addition, poncirin-treated mice when compared to control mice not receiving treatment recovered better from the weight loss caused by DSS-induced colitis. Changes in disease activity index (DAI) of poncirin-treated mice were also more favorable than for control mice and were comparable with mice treated with a typical anti-inflammatory-drug, 5-aminosalichylic acid (5-ASA). In addition, suppression of plasma NO and IL-6 productions of poncirin-treated mice was also observed in DSS-induced colitis. These results suggest that poncirin has potentially useful anti-inflammatory effects mediated by suppression of inflammatory mediator productions.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.280-286
• /
• 2017

Barbaloin is a major component of Aloe vera, which has been used for a laxative. Also, barbaloin is C-glucoside of aloe emodin anthrone which is founded in Aloe vera. Barbaloin has varieties of pharmacological activity such as inhibitory effects on inflammation, histamine release, cancer and microbial infection. But the effect of barbaloin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages has not been understood. In this study, we evaluated the effects of barbaloin against LPS-stimulated production of nitric oxide (NO), inflammatory cytokines and MAPKs activation in macrophage. We treated barbaloin (0.1, 1, 10, $100{\mu}M$) in LPS-stimulated mice peritoneal macrophage. Our results showed that barbaloin significantly inhibited production of NO and cytokines of tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophage. Moreover, barbaloin inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in a dose dependent manner. These results indicated that barbaloin could be useful for inflammatory diseases.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.306-311
• /
• 2003

Soy, high dietary intake for the oriental population, is a main source of isoflavonoids. Sophoricoside (SOP) an isoflavone glycoside was isolated from immature fruits of Sophora japonica (Leguminosae family) and its inhibitory effect on chemical mediators involved in inflammatory response was investigated in this study. SOP inhibited the interleukin (IL)-6 bioactivity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 6.1 $\mu$M whereas it had no effects on IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-a bioactivities. SOP was identified as a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 4.4 $\mu$ M, but did not show inhibitory effect on the synthesis of COX-2. However, SOP had no effect on the production of reactive oxygen species including superoxide anions and nitric oxide. These results revealed that in vitro anti-inflammatory action of SOP is significantly different from that of genistein known as a phytoestrogen of soy products. This experimental study has documented an importance of dietary soy isoflavonoids as multifunctional agents beneficial to human health, and will help to clarify protective mechanisms of SOP against inflammatory conditions.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 1994

The role of sex homones in hepatic lipid peroxidation, and in hepatic adehyde odidase and xanthine oxidase activites were investigated using rat liver homogenates. It was observed that male rt had a significantly greater content of malondialdehyde in liver than female. Among the sex hormones tested, estradiol, one of female hormones, markedly inhibited the formation of lipid peroxides in liver tissues in vitro. Especially, the inhibitory effect of estradiol appeared more remarkably in Fe-induced lipid peroxidation. The hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was decreased about 15% by $10\;^6\;M$ estradiol, wherease, the adehyde oxidase activity was almost completely disappeared at the same concentration of estradiol. It implies that sex differences in lipid peroxidation is attributed to the suppression of radical generating system by estradiol.