• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2014

Occupational long-term exposure to inorganic dusts may cause a variety of lung diseases such as pneumoconiosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Diagnosis of pneumoconiosis and COPD, however, is currently dependent on radiological findings and pulmonary test, which are both late diagnostic tools. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel biomarkers in pneumoconiosis and COPD. Hence, in this current study we investigated the serum concentrations of YKL-40, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) as biomarkers for pneumoconiosis and COPD in 161 retired male workers exposed to inorganic dusts. The serum concentration of YKL-40 was significantly increased with age, pneumoconiosis, and airflow limitation. The serum concentration of IL-6 was significantly higher in airflow limitation. These results suggest that serum concentration of YKL-40 is associated with age, pneumoconiosis, and airflow limitation. Also, serum concentration of IL-6 is associated with airflow limitation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.482-486
• /
• 2003

Adult periodontitis is a multifactorial disease characterized by multple genetic and environmental factors. In view of the importance of interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene as a genetic factor for adult periodontitis, we investigated the relationship between two polymorphisms (-590 C $\rightarrow$ T polymorphism and 70 bp repeat polymorphism) of the human IL-4 gene and adult periodontitis in the Korean population. Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells of 32 adult periodontitis patients and 150 normal controls, respectively. There were no significant differences in the allele, genotype and haplotype distributions of two polymorph isms between normal controls and adult periodontitis group. Therefore, our results suggest that IL-4 gene locus contributes little to the interindividual susceptibility for adult periodontitis in Korean population.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.431-437
• /
• 1997

Since the role of CD40 on the interleukin-4(IL-4) -induced B cell activation has been strongly implicated in the agumentation of IgE production and response, we have investigated the intracelluar signaling pathways utilized by IL-4 and CD40 for type II IgE receptor (CD23) expression. IL-4 and anti-CD40 antibody treatment of human B cells, independently caused a rapid induction of CD23 gene activation within 2 h. There was a noticeable synergism between the action of the two agents inducing CD23 expression: the addition of anti-CD40 to the IL-4-treated culture significantly agumented the IL-4-induced CD23 on both mRNA and surface protein levels, and the inclusion of IL-4 in the anti-CD40-treated cells caused a further increase of CD23 expression far above the maximal level induced by anti-CD40. Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors effectively suppressed the both IL-4- and anti -CD40-induced CD23 expression. whereas protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors had no effects. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) have shown that IL-4 and anti-CD40 induce the activation of NF-IL-4 and $NF-_{K}B$, respectively, binding to the CD23 promoter, both in a PKC-independent and PTK-dependent manner. These data suggest that the synergistic activation of CD23 gene expression by IL-4 and anti-CD40 is mediated by co-operative action of distinct nuclear factors. each of which is rapidly activated via PKC-independent and PTK-dependent process.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Excessive intake of simple sugars induces obesity and increases the risk of inflammation. Thus, interest in alternative sweeteners as a sugar substitute is increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of saccharin on inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes. The adipocytes were treated with saccharin (0, 50, 100, and 200 ㎍/mL) for 24 h. Inflammation was induced by exposure of treated adipocytes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 18 h and cell proliferation was measured. The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by using Griess reagent. Protein expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibitor κB (IκB) were determined by western blot analysis. The mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the amount of NO and the mRNA expression of iNOS in the LPS-treated group were increased by about 17.6% and 46.9%, respectively, (P < 0.05), and those parameter levels were significantly decreased by saccharin treatment (P < 0.05). Protein expression of NF-κB was decreased and that of IκB was increased by saccharin treatment (P < 0.05). Saccharin decreased the mRNA expression of COX-2 and the inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that saccharin can inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory responses in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via the NF-κB pathway.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.503-509
• /
• 2011

Jakyaktang(芍藥湯; JYT) exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity in widely intestinal disease, but its mechanism was undisclosed. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of JYT on pharmacological and biochemical actions in inflammation, we examined the effect of JYT on pro-inflammatory mediators in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus A23187-induced mast cell and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The investigation focused on whether JYT inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in PMA plus A23187- induced HMC-1 cells and inflammatory madiators such as nitric oxide (NO), TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. We found that JYT inhibited LPS-induced NO, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 productions as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2. These results suggest that JYT has inhibitory effects on mast cell-mediated and macropage-mediated inflammation.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2020

Objectives : Allium hookeri is a well-known traditional herbal remedy and its root used for treatment of inflammation and tumor. However, the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of Allium hookeri is still unknown. This study aims to examine the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of Allium hookeri on mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Anti-oxidant effect of water extract of Allium hookeri (WEAH) was measured by 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay. 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay was performed to determine the effect of WEAH on cell viability in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, anti-inflammatory effect of WEAH was investigated in RAW 264.7 cells. Inflammation of RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysarccharide (LPS) treatment and expression levels of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκBα) after LPS treatment with WEAH-treated RAW 264.7 cells was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. Results : WEAH showed a strong anti-oxidant effect and no cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 cells up to 2 mg/㎖ concentration. The LPS-induced mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased by WEAH treatment. Furthermore, the LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκBα is attenuated by WEAH treatment. Conclusions : Through experimental demonstration of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of WEAH, we suggest that Allium hookeri is a valuable material for prevention and treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.171-175
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify salivary and serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) in patients with oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Patients selected included 54 oral lichen planus (41 to 65 years), 50 oral leukoplakia (42 to 65 years), 51 oral submucous fibrosis (41 to 65 years), and 50 healthy controls (42 to 65 years). Oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis cases were diagnosed using histopathological analysis. Salivary and serum cytokine concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay kits in all subjects. Results: The levels of serum and salivary $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-8 were statistically significantly increased in oral leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis, and lichen planus in contrast to normal healthy subjects (P<0.05). Serum and salivary correlation analysis revealed strong and highly significant correlations for $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-8 in all groups (r=0.72-0.82, P<0.05). Conclusion: Salivary and serum cytokines were also elevated when analyzed in oral precancerous lesions. Thus, salivary and serum IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels might act as diagnostic markers for detection of oral precancer.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.192-194
• /
• 2022

The trophic factor Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) plays a critical role in the development of the peripheral nervous system and the repair of nerve injuries. The regulation of neutrophil apoptosis by cytokine secretion from structural cells is an important process in inflammatory diseases, including asthma. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NRG-1 and the alteration of neutrophil apoptosis by the regulation of cytokine release in the human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) induce the increase in the release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). NRG-1 alone had no effect on the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. However, co-treatment of TNF-α and IFN-γ with NRG-1 inhibited the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 that had been increased by TNF-α and IFN-γ. Treatment with NRG-1 did not have a direct effect on neutrophil apoptosis. Co-treatment of TNF-α and IFN-γ with NRG-1 was not effective on suppression of neutrophil apoptosis due to TNF-α and IFN-γ. The supernatant of BEAS-2B cells after co-treatment of TNF-α and IFN-γ with NRG-1 suppressed the inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis that had been caused due to the supernatant treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ. Taken together, NRG-1 has an anti-inflammatory effect in an inflammatory milieu by the regulation of cytokine secretion and neutrophil apoptosis.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.124-126
• /
• 1992

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)는 많은 immunoenhancing lymphokine의 한 종류로서 lymphokine activiated killer (LAK) cell의 생성을 자극시켜 흑종의 종양세포를 죽인다고 알려져 있다. 최근 간종양에서 비장동맥 또는 간동맥으로 투여한 IL-2가 비장의 임파계를 자극하여 LAK cell을 생성하여 어느정도효과가 있음이 밝혀지면서, 여러가지의 투여 방법이 시도되고 있다. 그러나 각종의 투여 방법에서 실제로 투여한 IL-2의 인체내 분포에 관한 연구는 없다. 저자들은 비정맥과 간문맥에 이상이 없는 증례의 비동맥에 IL-2와 $^{99m}Tc-phytate$ 혼합물을 투여하고, IL-2의 생체에서의 비장과 간에 어떻게 분포하는지 알아보기 위하여 $^{99m}Tc$의 radioactivity를 계측하여 보았다. 6예의 간세포암과 3예의 위암으로부터의 전이성간암에서 동맥조영술적방법을 이용하여 초선택적 비장동맥에 투여한 IL-2와 $^{99m}Tc-phytate$ 혼합물이 비장 27%, 간73%의 분포를 보여 비장을 거쳐온 $^{99m}Tc$의 방사능이 간에 많이 침착함을 확인하였고 간과 비장이외의 부위 즉 골수, 복수 또는 폐장이나 늑막에는 전혀 방사능 분포가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 비정맥이나 간문백에 이상이 없는 증례에서 IL-2의 비장동맥 투여는 목적하는 바 IL-2의 생체내 분포를 이룩할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2010

목 적 : 아디포넥틴은 혈관벽의 염증 반응을 억제시켜 혈관의 remodeling을 조절하는 내인적 조절 인자이다. 그러나 가와사키병에서 아디포넥틴의 역할은 알려져 있지 않다. 이 연구의 목적은 혈중 아디포넥틴 농도와 IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, lipid profile, C 반응 단백 등 몇몇 parameter들의 상관 관계를 알아보고, 아디포넥틴과 심기능의 연관성을 밝히는 것이다. 방 법 : 실험군은 가와사키병으로 진단받은 총 22명의 환아(급성기 22명, 아급성기 환아 20명)를 대상으로 하였고, 대조군은 총 31명(열성 질환이 있는 환아 13명, 건강아 18명)을 대상으로 하였다. 두 군 모두에서 혈액 검사와 TDI를 실시하였다. 결 과 : C 반응 단백은 대조군에 비해 가와사키 군에서 유의하게 증가되었다. 아디포넥틴, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ 치는 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 하지만 아디포넥틴과 C 반응 단백, 혈소판 수치 사이에 유의한 음의 상관 관계가 있었다. TDI로 측정한 수축기 심근 속도와 A 심근 속도가 급성기에서 아급성기, 대조군에 비해 유의하게 심근 속도가 감소됨이 확인되었고, 아디포넥틴과는 양의 상관 관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 급성 가와사키 환아에서 혈중 아디포넥틴 농도가 낮을수록 염증 반응이 심하며 좌심실의 기능이 떨어짐을 확인할 수 있었다.