• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2010

Objectives : On an experimental basis, the effects of atopic dermatitis induced materials on the expression of cytokine genes in human monocytes (THP-1, U937) and mast cells were studied. This study was carried out to be considered a fundamental knowledge in the research on the good of oriental medicine. Methods : After culturing THP-1, U937, and HMC-1, with the three different concentrations of LPS ($1\;{\mu}g/ml$), DPE ($10\;{\mu}g/ml$), and DNCB ($1\;{\mu}g/ml$), atopic dermatitis induced materials were treated in the culture medium. To investigate cytokine genes expression patterns, with lysis buffer and separation reagent, total RNA was extracted from THP-1, U937, and HMC-1 at intervals of 0, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Both cytokine mRNA expression patterns by atopic dermatitis induced materials and change of cytokine genes expression patterns in relation to atopy by selenium were analyzed with RT-PCR. Also IL-4 and INF-$\gamma$, which were secreted in the HMC-1, were analyzed using ELISA method. Results : 1. After treating THP-1 and U937 with LPS, DPE, and DNCB, there was no significant change in cytokine genes themselves, but various cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IFN-$\gamma$, IFN-a, MCP-1, B2-MG) were expressed. 2. In the case of HMC-1, the expressions of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased in the analysis of mRNA expression by dust mite allergens in DPE. 3. As a result of ELISA method, it is certain that IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ protein were secreted in the HMC-1 by DPE. 4. Selenium, an essential trace element, decreased the IL-10 and IL-13 expression in the HMC-1 by DPE. Conclusion : The results suggest that it is necessary to choose proper atopic dermatitis induced materials and suitable cultured cells in establishment of in vitro model of atopic dermatitis.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.478-481
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• 2003

Canine juvenile cellulitis (CJC) is a well-recognized lymphocutaneous disease that is seen in young dogs. CJC seemed to be immunologic disorder and may have a hereditary aspect. Exact pathogenesis and cytokine regulation on the immune system of CJC are not clear. CJC was diagnosed in two puppies hospitalized in Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Chungbuk National University. To investigate the cytokine regulation on CJC, RT-PCR was performed with CJC affected dogs. RT-PCR 1 was performed with whole blood sample (CJC-B) and fine needle aspirates of the inguinal lymph node (CJC-LN) from case 1-dog, which included $TNF-\alpha,$ $IL-1\beta,$ $IFN-\gamma,$ IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and $\beta-actin.$ Blood sample from a normal dog (N-B) served for a negative control of RT-PCR 1 (case 1). $IFN-\gamma,$ IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 transcripts were not expressed in all sample. $TNF-\alpha$ and $IL-1\beta,$ were not transcripted from CJC-B but from CJC-LN. On RT-PCR 2 (case 2), submandibular lymph node aspirates were used and $TNF-\alpha,$ IL-10, $IFN-\gamma$ and $IL-1\beta$ were expressed. $TNF-\alpha,$ 1L-10 and $IFN-\gamma$ were secreted from activated macrophages enhance the inflammation in tissue. These results imply that abnormally increased macrophages secret $TNF-\alpha$ and $IL-1\beta$ in the affected lymph nodes, which attract neutrophils and cause inflammation in CJC.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2003

치아이동 시 발생하는 골흡수에서 이미 여러 cytokine의 중요성이 강조된 바 있으며 이 가운데 interleukin-6는 구강 및 연골조직 등에서 많은 연구의 초점이 되어 왔으나 확실한 기전은 아직까지 정확히 확립되어 있지 못하다 골흡수 시 조골세포에서 유리되는 interleukin-6 (IL-6)와 nitric oxide (NO) 등이 골흡수의 조절자로 최근 대두되고 있으며 Mitogen-activated Protein kinase (MAPK)의 활성화로 인해 염증성 cytokine등이 유리될 수 있음이 최근 macrophage 등에서 증명된 바 있다. 그러므로 치아이동을 비롯한 구강 내 여러 염증의 조건에서 골흡수의 대표인자인 IL-6및 NO유리가 MAPK등의 활성 등을 통해 조절될 수 있는 가능성을 시사하고 있다. 본 연구에서 조골세포 특징을 대부분 가지고 있는 조골세포주 MC3T3El에서 p-38 MAP kinase을 매개로 NO와 IL-6가 유리됨을 확인하고자 하였다. $10\%$ Fetal Bovine Serum이 첨가된 -MEM 배양액으로 배양한 조골세포주인 MC3T3El 세포에 tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha(TNF-\alpha)$, $interferon-\gamma(IFN-\gamma)$ 및 lipopolysacchalide(LPS) 등의 단독처리 시 NO와 IL-6의 증가는 확인되지 않았으나 $TNF-\alpha/IFN-\gamma$ 혹은 $LPS/IFN-\gamma$ 등의 처치시 NO와 IL-6의 유의한 증가를 보였으며, NO발현에 직접 관여하는 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)와 IL-6 단백질 및 mRNA의 발현을 관찰하였다. 또한 specific p-38 MAP kinase inhibitor인 SB203580의 NO와 IL-6의 생성 억제를 관찰하고 단백질과 mRNA발현억제를 통해서도 확인함으로써 SB203580은 transcription 단계에서 NO와 IL-6의 생성을 조절하고 있음을 시사하여 주고 있다. $TNF-\alpha/IFN-\gamma$ 혹은 $LPS/IFN-\gamma$ 처치 시 p-38 MAP Kinase의 활성을 관찰하였으나 단독 처치 시 역시 P-38 MAP Kinase의 활성을 확인함으로써 NO와 IL-6생성기전에는 p-38 MAP Kinase이외에 다른 인자 역시 관여하고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 치아 등의 골조직의 구성 세포인 조골세포에서 NO와 IL-6유리를 확인하였으며, 또한 이들의 생성기전중의 하나로 p-38 MAP Kinase가 transcription 단계에서 관여하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2006

Objective : Based on the Th1/Th2 inbalance hypothesis, we aimed to evaluate the effects of NaesowhajungtongGamibang on serum $interferon{\gamma}$, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, of 19 patients with atopic dermatitis. Materials & Methods: The subjects are consisted of 19 patients with atopic dermatitis, and had been treated with NaesowhajungtongGamibang decoction for 45 days. Serum $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-5 level were checked before and 45 days after treatments. Results: The serum $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-5, level in patients with atopic dermatitis were slightly decreased compared with normal control group, but had no statistical significance. The serum IL-4, level in patients with atopic dermatitis was slightly increased compared with normal control group, but had no statistical significance. After treatment with NaesowhajungtongGamibang for 45 days, serum $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-5, level were increased, but had no statistical significance. After treatment with NaesowhajungtongGamibang for 45 days, serum IL-4 level were decreased, but had no statistical significance. Conclusion: This study shows that NaesowhajungtongGamibang decoction had effects were not correspond with Th1/Th2 inbalance hypothesis. Therefore study for other mechanism of NaesowhajungtongGamibang on atopic dermatitis is required.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine closely effect that YKS used to atopic dermatitis disease patient get in atopy eruption control experimentally. We analyzed the expression of IgE, IL-6, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13's level in serum, and IFN-${\gamma}'$ production by YKS extract. We also analyzed YKS extract get to NC/Nga mice's skin establishment analyzes neck-back skin after biopsy, and H&E method measured about epidermis and dermis part in comparison with control group. In this research YKS extract as treatment result to a NC/Nga mice, IgE and IL-6 content in serum decreased remarkably than control group. And decreased than result control group which measure IL-4, IL-5, IL-13's level in serum, and IFN-${\gamma}'$ production secreted in Th1 cell displayed increase by YKS extract. IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}'s$ gene revelation amount displayed marked decrease than control group in result that observe effect that get in skin of a NC/Nga mice. Also, In culture supernatant which cultivate for 14 day after separate skin cell, IL-13 and IL-6 production decreased than control group. YKS extract get to NC/Nga mice's skin establishment analyzes neck-back skin after biopsy, and dye by H&E method decreased about epidermis and inflammation of dermis part remarkably than control group. These results suggest that Th1 cell and Th2 cell observe to be shifted by secretion amount of IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ by YKS extract could know that YKS extract can use usefully in allergy autoimmune disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2010

Cytokine production is a sensitive indicator for monitoring perturbations of the immune system by xenobiotics in animals and humans. In the present study, we evaluated the changes in $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-5 and $TNF{\alpha}$ mRNA expression after atrazine (ATZ), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or zearalenone (ZEA) exposure in Jurkat cells. The IC50 (concentration for a 50% inhibition of cell proliferation) of PFOA and ZEA after 3 days culture were $226.6\;{\mu}M$ and $52.6\;{\mu}M$, respectively. The effects of ATZ on cytokine expression followed in increasing order of $IFN{\gamma}$>IL-5>$TNF{\alpha}$ at $3\;{\mu}M$ and at the lower concentrations the degree of effects on three cytokines were less clear between the cytokines when compared to control level. PFOA had marked increasing effect in order of $IFN{\gamma}$>$TNF{\alpha}$>IL-5 mRNA expression at IC50, and these patterns were continued at the lower concentrations, IC50/2 and IC50/4. ZEA caused the overexpression of cytokine mRNAs in order of IL-5>$IFN{\gamma}$>$TNF{\alpha}$ at both IC50 and IC50/2, and at IC50/4 the overexpression order was IL-5>$TNF{\alpha}$. On other hand, $IFN{\gamma}$ was less distinct compared to the control. These data indicate that ATZ, PFOA and ZEA caused the overtranscription of $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-5 and $TNF{\alpha}$ mRNA, and the overproduction of these cytokines may eventually lead to immune disorders.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.703-712
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• 1995

연구배경: 말초혈액 단핵구는 정상적인 면역반응에 중요한 세포로서 탐식 기능과 항원 제공 기능외에 다양한 종류의 Cytokine을 생성하며, 이중 IL-8은 호중구에 대한 강력한 주화 작용과 직접적인 활성화 작용 등을 통해서 염증 작용을 증폭시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 었다. 따라서 IL-8 작용의 억제를 통하여 항염 효과를 기대할 수 있으며, 이러한 작용을 나타낼 것으로 기대되는 Dexamethasone, $PGE_2$, Indomethacin 및 IFN-$\gamma$를 이용하여 이러한 약제들이 말초혈액 단핵구에서 내독소 자극에 의한 IL-8의 생성 자극 효과에 어떤 영향을 미치는 지에 대해서 알아보았다. 방법: 말초혈액 단핵구는 자원자에게서 채취한 혈액을 Ficoll Hypaque density gradient method에 의해서 백혈구 층을 분리한 뒤에 플라스틱 접시에 부착함으로써 분리하였다. Dexamethasone, $PGE_2$, Indomethacin은 내독소로 자극하기 한 시간 전, 후에 처치하였고, IFN-$\gamma$는 내독소로 자극하기 한 시간 전에만 전처치 하였다. 내독소로 자극한 뒤 4시간 뒤에 RNA를 extraction한 뒤 Northern blot analysis를 시행하여 IL-8 mRNA를 분석하였고, 24시간 뒤에 ELISA를 통하여 IL-8 단백을 정량하였다. 이 과정을 3회 반복하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과: 1) Dexamethasone의 전, 후 처치는 내독소 자극에 의한 IL-8 mRNA와 단백의 생성을 감소시켰다. 2) IFN-$\gamma$의 단독 투여는 내독소 자극을 받지 않은 군에서 IL-8 mRNA와 단백의 생성을 감소시켰다. 3) 내독소 투여 전에 IFN-$\gamma$를 전 처치 하였을 때, 내독소 단독 투여군에 비해 IL-8 mRNA 발현은 감소하였으나 IL-8 단백의 분비에는 차이가 없었다. 4) $PGE_2$와 Indomethacin은 각각 사용한 농도($10^{-6}M$, $10{\mu}M$)에서는 내독소 자극에 의한 IL-8 mRNA 및 단백의 생성에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 결론: Dexamethasone은 말초혈액 단핵구에서 내독소의 자극에 의한 IL-8 mRNA 발현 및 단백의 생성을 억제함으로써 염증 반응을 억제할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Mori Ramulus herbal-acupuncture solution(MR-HAS) on arthritis of mice induced by Collagen II at Joksamni(ST36). Methods : The author performed several experimental items. First, it is the cell survival rate of mice lung fibroblasts. Second, it is the incidence rate of arthritis and arthritis index of CIA. Third, it is the levels of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IFN-{\gamma}/IL-4$ ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture. Fourth, it is histological analysis of the mice joint. Fifth, it is expression ratio of CD3e+ to CD19+ cell, CD4+ to CD8+ cell, CD69+/CD3e+ cells, CD11a+/CD19+ cells and CD11b+/Gr-l+ cells and CD4+/CD25+ cells. Results : 1. In the MR-HA, the incidence of arthritis and the arthritis index were significantly decreased. 2. In MR-HA, the levels of IL-6, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum of CIA mice and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4 ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture were significantly decreased. 3. In histology, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the MR-HA, and the collagen fiber expressions in the MR-HA were similar with that of the Normal group. 4. In the MR-HA, the expression ratio of CD3e+ to CD19+ cell and CD4+ to CD8+ cell were similarly maintained as Normal group in lymph nodes, and CD69+/CD3e+ cells and CD11a+/CD19+ cells were decreased in lymph nodes, and CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells and CD4+/CD25+ cells were decreased in synovium. Conclusion : These results suggest that MR-HA at ST36 has an effect to control synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, as well as prophylaxis is important to treat rheumatoid arthritis in clinic.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.515-520
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• 2011

본 연구는 식용버섯들의 면역조절기능제로서의 가치 여부를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구를 위해 민자주방망이버섯, 먹물버섯, 표고버섯, 새송이버섯이 사용되었다. 버섯을 투여한 생쥐의 혈장 내 IgG1, IgG2a 수준을 측정하였고, 비장 단일 세포군을 이용하여 T 림프구 및 B 림프구 in vitro 활성화 결과 생성된 IFN-${\gamma}$와 IL-4, IgG1과 IgG2a 수준을 각각 분석하였다. 실험 결과 표고버섯 1 mg/체중 kg을 투여한 군에서 IFN${\gamma}$/IL-4의 비가 다른 군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 또한 혈장 내 IgG2a/IgG1의 비가 표고버섯의 경우에 다른 군보다 높았다. 아울러 TNF${\alpha}$의 생성 역시 표고버섯 1 mg/체중 kg을 투여한 군에서 다른 군보다 높았다. 이는 표고버섯이 항암작용, 항바이러스 작용과 같은 type-1 반응을 촉진할 가능성이 있음을 예측케 해주는 결과라 생각된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제32권4호통권127호
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• pp.280-286
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• 2001

Epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main polyphenol component in green tea, inhibits angiogenesis, urokinase, and matalloproteinases, and EGCG also has the antioxidative property. Recent reports proposed that EGCG may modulate the immune response on allergy or asthma. Human nasal mucosal fibroblasts are a rich source of cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and chemokines. Chemokines are important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection, which is essential in host defense. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of EGCG on the expression of the chemokines such as RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted), eotaxin, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human nasal mucosal fibroblasts after stimulation with cytokines like IL-4, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$, and $interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$. To detect the expression of chemokine genes, RT-PCR was performed. Expressions of RANTES, eotaxin, and IL-8 mRNA stimulated with IL-4 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were increased, respectively, while the expression of those genes incubated with $IFN-{\gamma}$ was similar pattern compared to control group. Analyses of chemokine genes of cells pretreated with EGCG showed that the expressions of eotaxin, and IL-8 genes stimulated $IFN-{\gamma}$ were higher compared with those not pretreated with EGCG.