• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1281-1291
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• 2005

Chungpae-tang is suggested to have the antitumor activity on lung cancer. This study was peformed to investigate apoptotic effect in vitro and antitumor effect and immune response after injection of B16-F10 melanoma cells and Chungpae-tang into a tail vein of C57BL/6 mice and administratition of Chungpae-tang in A549 human lung cancer cell line in vivo, respectively. Experimental studies were obtained by measuring the median survival time and cytokine expression through RT-PCR, and ELISA assay. The results were summarized as follows: 5 mg/ml of Chungpae-tang causing DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 enzyme activation, PARP fragmentation, and cytochrome c release, suggested that Chungpae-tang has in vitro apoptotic effect in A549 human lung cancer cell line in the apoptosis-induced experiment. The median survival time of the Chungpae-tang treated group was 21 days and that of control group was 22 days, suggesting that the median survival time between the Chungpae-tang treated group and the control group was not significant. Cytokine expression between the Chungpae-fang treated group and the control group was noticeable, but was not significant in the RT-PCR. In the ELISA assay, IL-2 productivity in the Chungpae-tang treated group was to increase more than that in the normal group (p<0.05) and was no significant between the Chungpae-tang treated group and the control group. $INF-\gamma$ productivity of the control group decreased more than that of the normal group (p<0.05) and that of the Chungpae-tang-treated group increased more than that of the control group (p<0.05). IL-12 productivity of the control group increased more than that of the normal group (p<0.05) and that of the Chungpae-tang-treated group decreased more than that of the control group (p<0.05) and the normal group. IL-4 productivity of the Chungpae-tang-treated group increased more than that of the normal group and the control group (p<0.05). IL-10 productivity of the Chungpae-tang-treated group increased more than that of the normal group and the control group (p<0.05). Accordingly the results show Chungpae-tang could induce apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cell line and bring to antitumor effect and immune response against injection of B16-F10 melanoma cells into a tail vein of C57BL/6 mice but it needs more research on the precise mechanism of such effects.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the effects of surgical castration on behavior, physiological and inflammatory indicators, and leukocyte cytokine mRNA levels in Korean cattle bull calves. Methods: Nineteen Korean cattle bull calves (average body weight, 254.5 kg; average age, 8.2 months) were divided into two treatment groups: control (n = 9) and castration (n = 10). Surgical castration was performed using Newberry knives and a Henderson castrating tool. Blood was obtained just before castration (0 h) and at 0.5 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d after castration. Plasma cortisol (PC), saliva cortisol (SC), plasma substance P, and plasma haptoglobin concentrations, and the leucocyte mRNA levels of the interleukin-1-alpha (IL1A), interleukin-1-beta (IL1B), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), and interleukin-6 (IL6) genes were analyzed. Results: Castration decreased (p<0.01) the average daily gain and gain/feed ratio. Castration reduced the time spent eating (p<0.001) and the eating frequency (p<0.01) and increased (p<0.001) the lying frequency. Castration temporarily increased (p<0.05) circulating PC and SC concentrations at 0.5 h after castration. Castration temporarily increased (p<0.05) plasma substance P concentrations at 1 d after castration. Castration increased (p<0.05) plasma haptoglobin concentrations at 1 and 3 d after castration. Castration increased (p<0.05) leukocyte mRNA levels of the IL1A, IL1B, IL1RN, and IL6 genes at 6 h after castration. Conclusion: Castration temporarily induced stress and expression of leucocyte inflammatory cytokine genes in Korean cattle bull calves.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.662-669
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• 1995

벼 등숙기 온도 차이가 쌀의 등열특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 1993년 작물시험장 인공기상실에서 숙기가 다른 3개 품종(오대벼, 화성벼, 동진벼)과 등숙온도(22/16$^{\circ}C$, 26/18$^{\circ}C$, 22/22$^{\circ}C$, 30/22$^{\circ}C$, 자연상태 등숙)를 달리하여 천립중, 수량, 비중별 입중 및 입수 분포비율, 현미의 외관형태 등의 등숙특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 등숙온도에 따른 천립중은 고온(30/22$^{\circ}C$)보다는 저온(22/16$^{\circ}C$)에서, 적온의 경우에는 항온(22/22$^{\circ}C$) 보다 변온(26/18$^{\circ}C$)에서 무거웠고, 지경별로는 1차 지경이 2차 지경에서 보다 무거웠다. 따라서, 천립중 및 현미 수량으로 본 벼 등숙적온은 평균온도로 22 였고, 변온등숙(26/18$^{\circ}C$)이 항온등숙(22/22$^{\circ}C$) 보다 등숙에 유리하였다. 2. 비중 1.20이상 되는 입중분포는 오대벼의 경우 22/16 에서 약 62%, 22/22 에서 49%, 26/18 에서 약 8% 정도로 주간 등숙온도가 22 보다 높을수록 그 비율이 급격히 감소되는 경향이었다. 화성벼와 동진벼는 비중 1.20이상의 입중분포비율이 22/22$^{\circ}C$> 26/18$^{\circ}C$> 22/16$^{\circ}C$> 30/22$^{\circ}C$의 순으로 높았으며, 1차 지경보다 2차 지경에서 충실립 분보비율이 낮았다. 3. 공시품종 모두 22/16$^{\circ}C$~22/22$^{\circ}C$의 저온 및 적온등숙시에는 비중 1.15이상에 분포하는 입수비율의 차이가 없었으나, 30/22$^{\circ}C$의 고온등숙에서는 충실립 분포비율이 현저하게 낮아지는 경향이었다. 4. 부피로 본 곡립의 크기는 공시품종 모두 항온(22/22$^{\circ}C$)에서 등숙된 곡립이 변온(26/18$^{\circ}C$)에서 등숙된 곡립보다 작았으며, 저온에서 등숙된 것일수록 큰 경향이었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.490-498
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• 2010

HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, $CHClF_2$), one of the major components in various refrigeration, is emitted mostly from developing countries, as its consumption is not limited until 2013 by the Montreal Protocol. In addition, HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, $CHF_3$), a by-product in the manufacture of HCFC-22, is also a powerful greenhouse gas. Here, we discuss the regional emission characteristics of these compounds based on high-frequency in-situ measurements using the "Medusa" GC-MS system. HCFC-22 and HFC-23 baseline concentrations measured at Gosan (Jeju Island, Korea) from November 2007 to December 2008 increased by 1.8 ppt/yr and 0.6 ppt/yr, respectively. Pollution events of these compounds were observed, very frequently (e.g., ~2~3 times) at Gosan than baseline levels. All the measurement data were divided into four groups by simultaneously considering the ratio (HFC-23/HCFC-22) and concentration (HCFC-22) at Trinidad Head (TH, California, USA). The residence time of trajectories were then analyzed in each of the four groups. The results exhibited the existence of a strong correlation with air mass origin for each group: 1) Air masses originating from Siberia in the north and from the Pacific in the south had ratios of 0.08~0.12 and concentrations of 196.9~254.3 ppt which is highly comparable to background air at TH. 2) Air masses passing over the Southern China exhibited similar ratios but higher HCFC-22 concentrations. 3) Air masses passing over the Northern China had ratios of 0.12~0.21. 4) Air masses passing over Korea and/or Japan had ratios of 0.01~0.08. Our results suggest that the HFC-23/HCFC-22 ratio can be used as a good indicator for the assessment of the pollution with Chinese origin. We also confirmed differences in air masses traveling over Northern and Southern China, most likely due to differences in air mass travelling speed over these regions before arriving at Gosan. This signature may be treated as one of the critical components in identifying the emission sources from different parts of China.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 도심지 국가하천을 지나는 도시가스 고압 배관에 대하여 정량적 위험성 평가를 실시하였다. 위험성 평가는 최악의 시나리오 조건에서 실제 도시가스 물성, 교통량과 인구·기상 데이터를 기반으로 수행하였으며, 평가 결과 사회적(societal) 위험도와 개인적 (individual) 위험도는 조건부 허용영역에 위치하는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 하천매설 배관의 시공 시 당시 보호관으로 보호하거나 방호구조물 안에 설치한 것에 따른 위험 경감 효과가 고려되지 않은 위험성 평가 결과에 반영되지 않은 점을 고려한다면 보다 안전하다고 판단할 수 있다. 또한, SAFETI v8.22를 활용하여 복사열에 의한 사고 피해 거리와 확산 거리 등이 풍속과 대기안정도의 변화에 따른 영향을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 위험성 평가 결과 현재까지 배관의 안전성은 확보되어 있으나, 주기적인 점검과 모니터링을 통해 하상 변동을 포함한 예상치 못한 사고를 방지하는 등 안전성 향상방안을 제언한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.763-769
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• 2021

본 연구는 지구 온난화 현상의 주원인인 이산화탄소의 제거를 목적으로 최근에 주목 받고 있는 물질인 이온성액체를 실험실 규모로 제조하였다. 음이온이 Sulfite계인 이온성 액체의 이산화탄소 흡수능, 초기흡수속도 그리고 재생성을 조사하기 위하여 기-액 흡수평형장치를 이용하여 연구하였다. 그 결과 음이온이 Sulfite계인 이온성액체 중 높은 흡수능을 갖는 이온성액체는 음이온이 ethyl sulfite인 경우이며, 특히 [beim] ethyl sulfite의 경우 흡수평형압력이 22 bar인 조건에서의 흡수력은 1.1 mol CO2/mol IL로 가장 높은 흡수력을 나타냈다. 재생성 연구에서 음이온이 Sulfite계인 이온성액체는 모두 재생후의 흡수력이 약 7%정도 감소하였으며, 이로부터 재생성이 우수함을 알 수 있다. 점도 감소를 목적으로 두 종류의 희석제를 첨가하였을 때 희석제는 단지 이온성액체의 흡수력을 감소시키는 희석효과로 작용하였으며 희석제 첨가에 따른 흡수력의 증가는 없었다. 흡수실험에 따른 점도변화의 정도를 조사하기 위해 흡수반응 전과 흡수 실험 후 재생한 시료의 점도를 측정하였으며, 실험결과 흡수실험 후 시료의 점도가 흡수실험 전보다 약 8% 정도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 흡수제 합성은 1단계에서 이루어지며 사용되는 원료물질 또한 저렴한 장점이 있으며 흡수능에서는 우수한 재생성과 높은 안정성을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2001

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of Stephania tetrandra(ST) against ischemic brain damage after a middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion. The effect was evaluated using histological tests, neurobehavioral tests, and biochemical tests. Methods : Rats(Sprague-Dawley) were divided into four groups : sham operated group, MCA occluded group, post MCA occlusion Stephania tetrandra administrated (7.6mg/l00g) group, and normal group. The MCA was occluded by intraluminal method. Stephania tetrandra was administrated orally twice at 1 and 4 hours after MCA occlusion. The neurobehavioral test was performed at 3, 6, 9 and 24 hours after MCA occlusion by posture reflex test and swimming behavioral test. All groups were sacrificed then. The brain tissues were stained with 2% triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC) or 1 % cresyl violet solution, to examine infarct size, volume and cell number. Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ level was measured from sera using Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay(ELISA). The mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokines and related receptor type I and II, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-10 6hours after MCA occlusion were also studied by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR). Results : The results showed that : Stephania tetrandra (1) reduced infarct size and total infarct volume by 52.2% compared to the control group; (2) attenuated significantly in neuronal death, which was shown by a decrease in cell number(P<0.01) and size(P<0.01) in the boundary area of the infarction; (3) significantly reduced serum $TNF-{\alpha}$ level, and increased the mRNA level of IL-10 in the cortex region(P<0.01). However, there was no significant effect on motor deficit in swimming behavioral test. Conclusions : In conclusion, Stephania tetrandra has protective effects against ischemic brain damage at the early stage of ischemia.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권2호통권145호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2006

We investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of unripe fruit of Citrus grandis Osbeck growing at Jeju Island, through the evaluation of their inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory markers (IL-6, iNOS, COX, TARC and MDC) in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells and HaCaT human keratinocyte cells. Among the sequential solvent fractions obtained from crude extract, hexane and chloroform $(CHCI_3)$ fractions showed potential inhibitory activity on the mRNA expressions of IL-6, iNOS and COX-2 at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ in RAW264.7 cells. Also, EtOAc fraction showed inhibitory activity on the thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)/CCL17 and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC)/CCL22 at the concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ in HaCaT cells. These results suggest that the unripe fruit of C. grandis may have anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of inflammatory markers (IL-6, iNOS, COX, TARC and MDC).

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of essential oil extracted from the wood of Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc. Endl. (Cupressaceae). The essential oil was extracted from the wood of C. obtusa by hydrodistillation method, and conducted the analysis on the chemical composition of the extracted C. obtusa wood oil through GC-MS. The major constituents of the oil were found to be: ${\alpha}-pinene$ (11.4%), cadinene (5.4%), ${\delta}-cadiene$ (9.0%), ${\tau}-muurolol$ (22.2%), ${\alpha}-cadinol$ (20.8%) etc. We attempted to identify the anti-inflammatory activities of the oil when it is injected in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, along with its effects on the secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-13 (IL-13), ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$. According to the cell viability analysis conducted by MTT assay, the oil in $10^{-7}{\sim}10^{-5}%$concentration showed no effect on the cell viability. After RBL-2H3 cells treated by LPS stimulation were exposed to $10^{-7}%$ concentration of C. obtusa wood oil, the expression levels of IL-4, IL-13 within the cell were observed to remarkably decrease. Also, it was attenuated the release of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ from mast cells to a significantly meaningful level. These results suggest that C. obtusa wood oil exerts the anti-inflammatory effect, by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which is a valuable feature to be highly utilized as the functional materials in the future.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-118
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• 2011

Herbal medicine has a high body absorption rate when it ferments. Biological and clinical research on the fermented herb gradually increases because it has effective materials for the treatment of a disease and it is a little bitter. In this study, we investigated the effect of fermented Baedokhwanbalhyobang (BDHBH) on attenuation of the development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice by evaluating the cytokine level in serum, the mRNA expression of cytokine and histological alteration of the skin, and the skin severity. We have come to the following conclusion. BDHBH led to a significant decrease in the skin severity score (63.1%) as compared to the control group. CD4+/CD45+, CD4+, B220+/CD23+, and CD11b+/Gr-1+cells of peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the BDHBH-treated group were decreased to 6.7%, 31.1%, 22.4%, 36.6%, respectively. CD3+and CD11b+/Gr-1+immune cells in dorsal skin of the BDHBH-treated group were decreased to 52.9% and 28.0%. The levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in serum of the BDHBH-treated group were inhibited to 18.8% and 5.1%. The mRNA expressions of IL-5 and IL-13 in dorsal skin were also decreased to 30.6% and 27.8% after the treatment of BDHBH. BDHBH inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of eosinophils. In histological examination, BDHBH decreased the thickness of epidermis and dermis, and infilatration of mast cells as compared to the control group. These results indicate that BDHBH inhibits the pathogenic development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. These results may indicate that BDHBH attenuates the development of atopic dermatitis-like lesions by lowering immune cells and inflammatory cytokine levels, and that it is valuable in drug development for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Further experiments on the components of BDHBH will be needed to better understand the effect of a fermented herb as compared to a herb.