• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2007

Background: Mycobacterial antigens released as PIM, LM, LAM, lipoproteins and other cellular factors may contribute to macrophage and dendritic cell activation through pattern recognition receptors such as TLRs. In this study, we assessed cytokine production and ERK activation with stimulation of several major mycobacterial antigens. Methods: Purified mycobacterial antigens (10, 22, 30, 38kDa) and recombinant antigens (6, 16, 19, 38kDa, Ag85A antigen) were studied. The production of cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-12, IL-6) was measured by ELISA. The ERK activation was detected by western blotting. The expression of TLR2 or TLR4 was measured by flow cytometry. Results: Among purified antigens only 30kDa antigen induced production of IL-6 or TNF-${\alpha}$ in THP-1 macrophage cells. When THP-1 macrophage cells were treated with 30kDa antigen, phosphorylation of ERK was detected. ERK activation also occurred in TLR2 transfectant HEK293 cells with 30kDa antigen stimulation. Conclusion: 30kDa antigen is one of the major mycobacterial antigens inducing cytokine production and MAP kinases phosphorylation in macrophages.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2001

A human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2 cells, is reliable for the study of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\alpha}$ production and EtOH-induced cytotoxicity on Hep G2 cells. The cells were incubated with EtOH in the presence of Artemisia Capillaris Herba(AC) for 24 hours and in the absence of AC for 48 hours. Cytoviability and cytokines release were analyzed by MTT assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. After 24 hours of EtOH exposure, the cytoviability had markedly decreased, and the release of cytokines had increased. The increased amount of cytokines contributed to EtOH-induced cytotoxicity. Anti-TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\alpha}$ antibodies almost abolished it. Interestingly, EtOH-induced cytotoxicity and cytokines production were inhibited by AC. Moreover, when AC was used in combination with antibodies, there was a marked inhibition of EtOH-induced cytotoxicity. These results suggest that EtOH-induced cytotoxicity may regulate, by various factors, and AC may prevent the cytotoxicity through partial inhibition of the $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\alpha}$ secretion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1161-1164
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• 2012

Cordycepin was purified from a mushroom, Cordyceps militaris, and its effect on Th1 and Th2 cytokines was examined. The level of cytokine induction in mouse splenocytes was estimated after co-inoculation of purified cordycepin and LPS. When $5{\mu}g/ml$ of purified cordycepin was exposed to mouse splenocytes for 72 h, the level of a Th1 cytokine IL-12 increased by 2.9-fold. The addition of the purified cordycepin to splenocytes also increased the level of Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, by 1.9- and 1.8-fold, respectively. Therefore, cordycepin increases the cytokine levels and may contribute to the up-regulation of cellular and humoral immunity.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2014

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an important pathogen in the development of localized aggressive periodontitis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a virulent factor of periodontal pathogens that contributes to alveolar bone loss and connective tissue degradation in periodontal disease. Our present study was designed to investigate the cytokine expression and signaling pathways regulated by A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS (Aa LPS). Cytokine gene expression profiling in RAW 264.7 cells was performed by microarray analyses. The cytokine mRNA and protein levels and related signaling pathways induced by Aa LPS were measured by RT-PCR, ELISA and western blotting. Microarray results showed that Aa LPS strongly induced the expression of NF-${\kappa}B$, NF-${\kappa}B$-related genes, inflammatory cytokines, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in RAW 264.7 cells. NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA and protein. In addition, the Aa LPS-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ expression was inhibited by p38/JNK MAP kinase inhibitor pretreatment. These results show that Aa LPS stimulates TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ expression through NF-${\kappa}B$ and p38/JNK activation in RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting the essential role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of localized aggressive periodontitis.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2014

In order to investigate the efficacy of BJBB on atopic dermatitis, various immune related factors were studied. The results and conclusions are as follows. Atopic dermatitis symptoms were improved in BJBB treated group and significant decrease in dermatitis index were observed in 13 weeks. ALT, AST and BUN, Cr levels were all with in the normal ranges in BJBB treated group, indicating no induced toxicity. BJBB treated group showed significant decrease in CD4+, CD11b+/Gr-1+ immune cell ratio in dorsal skin by 33% and 62% respectively. BJBB treated group showed significant decrease in the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and histamine by 83%, 62%, 53% and 61% respectively. Also the group showed decrease in the transcription of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 mRNA in spleen by 41%, 52% and 50% respectively. BJBB treated group showed decrease in the expression of IgE by 57% respectively. The results above indicated that treatment of BJBB improved atopic dermatitis symptoms by immune modulation activity a clinical evidence. thus, BJBB has a potential use as a composition of medicinal plants for treatment against inflammation related disease.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2005

개 말초혈액 백혈구의 유주성에 있어서 1,2-benzopyrone의 효과를 검토하였다. 백혈구의 유주성은 Boyden chamber 변법으로 측정하였다. 1.2-benzopyrone 그 자체는 PMN과 PBMC의 유주성에 직접적인 효과를 보이지 않았다. PMN과 PBMC는 1,2-benzopyrone으로 배양한 PMN의 배양상층액에 대해서도 유주활성을 보이지 않았다. 그러나 1,2-benzopyrone으로 배앙한 PBMC의 배양상층액은 PBMC에 대해서는 유주활성을 보이지 않았으나 PMN에 대해서는 현저한 유주활성을 나타내었다. 또한 유주인자인 IL-8에 의한 PMN의 유주활성 측정 결과도 1,2-benzopyrone으로 배양한 PBMC의 배양상충액의 그것과 유사하였다. 이러한 유주활성은 anti-IL-8 pAb를 처리했을 때 PMN의 유주활성이 억제되어, 본 유주활성은 PBMC에서 분비되는 IL-8일 것으로 강하게 시사되었다. 이상의 결과로부터, 1,2-benzopyrone은 개 말초혈액 PMN의 유주성에 대하여 면역자극 작용을 가지고 있으며, 이것은 1,2-benzopyrone의 자극에 의해 PBMC에서 분비되는 IL-8양 가용성 물질에 의해 나타나는 것으로 사료되었다

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate immune enhancing effect of Houttuyniae Herba water extract(HW) on RAW 264.7 cell of mouse macrophages. Methods: Effects of HW on productions of nitric oxide(NO) and hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were measured. Effect of HW on production of cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$ in RAW 264.7 cells was accessed by a multiplex bead array assay based on xMAP technology. All of results were represented P<0.05 compared to the normal. Results: 1. After 24 hr incubation, HW increased significantly NO production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ${\mu}g$/mL. 2. After 24 hr incubation, HW increased significantly hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ${\mu}g$/mL. 3. After 24 hr incubation, HW increased significantly IL-$1{\beta}$ production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 100 and 200 ${\mu}g$/mL. 4. After 24 hr incubation, HW increased significantly IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 100 and 200 ${\mu}g$/mL. 5. After 24 hr incubation, HW increased significantly TNF-${\alpha}$ production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g$/mL. Conclusions: These results suggest that HW has immune enhancing activity related with its increasement of NO, hydrogen peroxide, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in macrophages.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.478-486
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• 2020

Objectives: Pressure injury is a common symptom of end-stage cancer, which impact quality of life. This case study reports on use of traditional Korean medicine in an end-stage cancer patient with pressure injury after debridement and local flap. Methods: A pressure injury with debridement and a local flap was treated using herbal medicine, a carbon arc, acupuncture, dressing, and cooperation in plastic surgery. Pressure injury was followed up with photographs. Results: On the 22^nd day of treatment (26 days after the debridement and local flap), redness, swelling, and the condition of pressure injury were all improved. Moreover, the condition of the pressure injury was good without dressing. Conclusions: These results show that traditional Korean medicine may have a positive effect on a pressure injury and improve the quality of life of cancer patients. However, further study is needed to confirm these findings.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2010

Objectives: Various cytokines induced by inhalation of coal dust may mediate inflammation and lead to tissue damage or fibrosis, such as coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). Methods: To investigate the relevance of serum cytokines in CWP, the levels of serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) as CWP biomarkers in 110 retired coal miners (22 controls and 88 CWP subjects) were related to cross sectional findings and 1-year progressive changes of the pneumoconiosis. Progressive changes of CWP were evaluated by paired comparison of chest radiographs. Analysis by a receiver operating characteristic curve assessed the biomarker potential of each cytokine. Results: The mean serum IL-8 level was significantly higher in CWP compared to controls and IL-8 levels correlated with the degree of CWP. The median serum TNF-${\alpha}$ level was significantly higher in subjects with progressive CWP compared to subjects without CWP progression. The area under the ROC curve for IL-8 (0.70) and TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.72) for CWP identification and progression, respectively, indicated the biomarker potential of the two cytokines. Serum cutoff values of IL-8 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were 11.63 pg/mL(sensitivity, 69%; specificity, 64%) and 4.52 pg/mL (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 79%), respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that high levels of serum IL-8 are associated with the presence of CWP and those of serum TNF-${\alpha}$ are associated with the progression of CWP.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.162-176
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• 2019

This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of yogurt fermented at low temperature and the anti-inflammatory effect it has on induced colitis with 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in Balb/c mice. Yogurt premix were fermented with a commercial starter culture containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus at different temperatures: $22^{\circ}C$ (low fermentation temperature) for 27 h and $37^{\circ}C$ (general fermentation temperature) for 12 h. To measure antioxidant activity of yogurt samples, DPPH, $ABTS^+$ and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays were conducted. For animal experiments, inflammation was induced with 2.5% DSS in Balb/c mice. Yogurt fermented at low temperature showed higher antioxidant activity than that of the yogurt fermented at general temperature. In the inflammatory study, IL-6 (interleukin 6) was decreased and IL-4 and IL-10 increased significantly in DSS group with yogurt fermented at general temperature (DYG) and that with yogurt fermented at low temperature (DYL) compared to that in DSS-induced colitic mice (DC), especially DYL had higher concentration of cytokines IL-4, and IL-10 than DYG. MPO (myeloperoxidase) tended to decrease more in treatments with yogurt than DC. Additionally, yogurt fermented at low temperature had anti-inflammatory activity, although there was no significant difference with general temperature-fermented yogurt (p>0.05).