• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1994

Antitumor polysaccharides were known to activate complement system and to increase specific serum proteins in mouse, and researcher reported that antitumor activity of polyasccharides might be correlated with their biological properties such as activation of complement system and increase of specific protein $L_{A}$, $L_{B}$ and $L_{C}$ within the mouse serum. In case of several Ganoderma lucidum, there was no correlation between their antitumor activities and their bioloical properties, but the antitumor activities against sarcoma 180 of the alkali extracted crude polysaccharide fractions of the Ganoderma lucidum IY 009. AS, T, AI and M were correlated with their bioloical properties such as anticomplementary activity and intensity of mouse serum protein $L_{A}$, $L_{B}$ and $L_{C}$.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the relationship between iridological constitution and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 $\beta$) gene polymorphism. Methods : Iris constitution were diagnosed by automatic Iris analysis system, Bexel Irina(Korea). The blood was stored at - $20^{\circ}$... until it was ready to be extracted. The genomic DNA was extracted by inorganic procedure. The concentration of DNA was estimated by absorbance at 260 nm. The interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 $\beta$) gene polymorphism was detected by PCR amplification. Results & Conclusions : The author classified 166 individuals according to Iris constitution, and determined IL-1 $\beta$ genotype. The frequencies of Iris constitutions as follows : neurogenic type, 41 (24.7%); abdominal connective tissue weakness type, 53(31.9%); cardio-renal connective tissue weakness type, 50 (30.1%); the others type, 22 (13.3%). Especially, the frequency of abdominal connective tissue weakness type was significantly higher in err genotype than in the remaining constitutions. As a result, The author demonstrated the association among IL-1 $\beta$ genotype, IBD and Iris constitution.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2021

Background: We aimed to investigate candidates for serological biomarkers of neuropathic pain in individuals with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Methods: We analyzed 38 sera samples from 38 participants with NMOSD in National Cancer Center. Neuropathic pain was evaluated using the painDETECT questionnaire. Pain with neuropathic components (painDETECT score ≥ 13) was observed in 22 participants, among whom 17 had definite neuropathic pain (painDETECT score ≥ 19). The remaining 16 participants had non-neuropathic pain (painDETECT score < 13). Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels were assessed using a single-molecule array assay. Several cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-17A, were measured by a multiplex bead-based immunoassay. Results: In comparison of NMOSD participants with neuropathic pain components (or definite neuropathic pain) and those with non-neuropathic pain, the absolute values of serum GFAP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were higher in participants with neuropathic pain components (or definite neuropathic pain), but these findings did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Further larger-scale investigations to find reliable serological biomarkers for neuropathic pain in NMOSD are warranted.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2009

We examined the effects of the NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism on endurance exercise performance and oxidative DNA damage in response to acute and chronic exercises. One hundred three subjects were recruited, among which 26 healthy subjects (CC: 12, TC: 12, and TT: 2) were studied during rest, exercise at 85% $VO_2max$, and recovery before and after 8 weeks of treadmill running. Lymphocyte DNA damage increased significantly in response to exercise (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma MDA, SOD concentrations and lymphocyte DNA damage between CC genotype and T allele group, but significant endurance training differences were observed. Endurance training increased exercise time to exhaustion in both the CC genotype and T allele groups (p < 0.05) but no significant difference was found between groups. The results of the current study with young, healthy, Korean men are interpreted to mean that 1) the majority had the CC genotype of the NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism (82.5%: CC, 15.5%: TC, 1.9%: TT), 2) acute exercise increased lymphocyte DNA damage, 3) endurance training significantly increased exercise time to exhaustion, and alleviated lymphocyte DNA damage, and 4) The NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism, however, did not alter lymphocyte DNA damage or exercise performance at rest, immediately after exercise, or during recovery.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.60-73
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• 2009

Objective : Houttuyniae Herba is widely used in oriental medicine as a remedy for inflammation. However, as yet there is no clear explanation of how Houttuyniae Herba affects the production of inflammatory cytokine. This study was to determine the effects of Essence extracted from Houttuynia cordata Thunb(HCT) on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Method : We measured the amount of inflammatory cytokine production induced by the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore(A23187) in the human mast cell line (HMC-1) incubated with various concentrations of HCT. The TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6 and IL-8 secreted protein levels were measured by the ELISA assay. The TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels were measured by the RT-PCR analysis. Nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins were exmined by Western blot analysis. The NF-$\kappa$B promoter activity was examined by a luciferase assay. Result : HCT inhibited the PMA + A23187-induced TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6 expression and reduced mRNA of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6 and IL-8. we observed that HCT suppressed the induction of NF-B activity. In addition, HCT suppressed PMA plus A23187-induced NF-$\kappa$B promoting activity. Conclusion : In this study, we have found that HCT is an inhibitor of NF-$\kappa$B and cytokines on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2001

Objective : There are many reports that acupuncture has thermoregulatory effects on human and animals. To investigate the effect and mechanism of antipyretic action of acupuncture, we observed the body temperature and cytokine expressions in the hypothalamus of rats. Methods : Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, i.p., 2.5mg/kg) was injected to conscious rats (Sprague-Dawley, male, n=4l) to cause hyperthermia and simple needling (stainless steel, 0.25 mm o.d., 5 mm insertion for 10 sec with no manipulation) was performed bilaterally with the measurement of rectal temperature. Next, we sacrificed rats to remove brain and determined the level of mRNA for interleukin-6 (IL-6), $interleukin-1{\beta}{\;}(IL-1{\beta})$, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and $interferon-{\gamma}{\;}(IFN-{\gamma})$ in the hypothalamus by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Resul1s : Needling on forepaw (acupoint HT8) and needling on hindpaw (acupoint BL66 and acupoint LR2) significantly inhibited LPS-induced fever of rats (P<0.01, 10 min after treatment respectively), but same treatment on proximal tail (non-acupoint) did not cause any change on fever. The levels of IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ mRNA in the hypothalamus was significantly enhanced by LPS-injection, while the level of IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ mRNA was markedly reduced after treatment on BL66 (P<0.01). Treatment on forepaw reduced it slightly, but not significantly. Equivalent stimulation on proximal tail did not cause any changes. Conclusions : Our results indicate that acupuncture stimulation on various body parts has differential thermoregulatory effects on LPS-induced fever of rats with site-specificity. And, we suggest that its antipyretic action might be accompanied with the suppression of hypothalamic production of pro-inflammatory cytokine of immune system, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2012

HaCaT cells are the immortalized human keratinocytes and have been extensively used to study the epidermal homeostasis and its pathophysiology. T helper cells play a role in various chronic dermatological conditions and they can affect skin barrier homeostasis. To evaluate whether HaCaT cells can be used as a model cell system to study abnormal skin barrier development in various dermatologic diseases, we analyzed the gene expression profile of epidermal differentiation markers of HaCaT cells in response to major T helper (Th) cell cytokines, such as $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-17A and IL-22. The gene transcriptional profile of cornified envelope-associated proteins, such as filaggrin, loricrin, involucrin and keratin 10 (KRT10), in HaCaT cells was generally different from that in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs). This suggests that HaCaT cells have a limitation as a model system to study the pathophysiological mechanism associated with the Th cell cytokine-dependent changes in cornified envelope-associated proteins which are essential for normal skin barrier development. In contrast, the gene transcription profile change of human ${\beta}2$-defensin (HBD2) in response to $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4 or IL-17A in HaCaT cells was consistent with the expression pattern of NHKs. $IFN{\gamma}$ also up-regulated transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) gene transcription in both HaCaT cells and NHKs. As an alternative cell culture system for NHKs, HaCaT cells can be used to study molecular mechanisms associated with abnormal HBD2 and TGM2 expression in response to $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4 or IL-17A.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2003

연구배경 : 기관지내시경에서 관찰되는 anthracofibrosis가 활동성결핵과 연관이 있다는 보고가 있으나, 관찰 당시에 결핵의 활동성 여부가 확실하지 않아서 항결핵치료 시행여부를 결정하기 어려운 경우가 있다. 본 연구에서는 결핵의 활동성과 연관이 높은 IL-2 $sR{\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$의 혈청 농도와 결핵의 혈청진단방법인 TBGL 항체의 농도가 anthracofibrosis 환자에서 결핵의 활동성 여부를 진단하는데 도움이 되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 건강한 자원자(16명), 활동성결핵으로 진단되어 투약하기 직전의 환자(22명), 활동성결핵으로 진단되고 6개월간 항결핵제 투여를 마친 환자(13명), 그리고 anthracofibrosis 환자(15명)에서 혈청을 채취한 뒤, IL-2 $sR{\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$ 그리고 TBGL 항체의 농도를 ELISA 방법으로 측정하였다. 결 과 : 건강한 자원자, 결핵치료전 환자, 결핵치료후 환자, 그리고 anthracofibrosis 환자의 IL-2 $sR{\alpha}$는 각각 $640{\pm}174$, $1,611{\pm}2,423$, $953{\pm}562$, $863{\pm}401$ pg/ml, IFN-${\gamma}$의 농도는 각각 0, $8.16{\pm}17.34$, $0.70{\pm}2.53$, $2.33{\pm}6.67$ pg/ml, 그리고 TBGL 항체 농도는 각각 $0.83{\pm}0.80$, $5.91{\pm}6.71$, $6.86{\pm}6.85$, $3.22{\pm}2.59$ U/ml였다. TBGL 항체 농도만이 건강한 자원자에서 다른 군에 비해 낮았을 뿐(p<0.05) IL-2 $sR{\alpha}$와 IFN-${\gamma}$ 농도는 네 군 사이에 차이가 없었다. Anthracofibrosis 환자 중에서 나중에 활동성 결핵으로 진단된 6명과 나머지 9명 사이에서도 상기한 지표의 농도 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론 : 1) Anthracofibrosis 환자의 40%에서 활동성 결핵이 동반되었다. 2) 혈청 IL-2 $sR{\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$ 그리고 TBGL 항체 농도는 anthracofibrosis에서 결핵의 활동성 지표로 유용하지 않았다. 3) 혈청 TBGL 항체 농도는 건강한 자원자와 나머지 군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.815-821
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 스마트미터의 북미 국제표준인 ANSI C12.22에서 정의하는 C12.22 노드의 응용계층 프로토콜을 구현하였다. ANSI C12.22에서는 OSI 7 계층 중에서 응용계층만을 정의하고 있다. 정보전송에 필수 요소인 1~4 계층은 기존에 사용되고 있는 프로토콜을 사용할 것을 권고하고 있으며, 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 통상적으로 사용되고 있는 TCP/IP 프로토콜을 전송계층 및 네트워크계층 프로토콜로 사용하였다. ANSI C12.19에서는 전력량계에 사용되는 파라미터들을 규정하고 있으며, C12.22 응용계층은 이 전력량계 파라미터들을 네트워킹하기 위한 최소한의 네트워크 서비스와 데이터 구조들을 정의하고 있다. 이러한 서비스와 데이터 구조들은 네트워킹된 전력량계를 설정, 프로그래밍, 모니터링하거나 전력량계의 정보를 수집할 목적으로 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 C12.22 응용계층을 소프트웨어로 구현하기 위해 임베디드 보드를 사용하였고, 기능 테스트를 위해서 AMI 응용서버 역할을 하는 테스트 프로그램을 동시에 개발하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.222-231
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• 2022

본 연구는 긴병꽃풀 ethyl acetate 분획물의 미백 및 항염증 활성 검증을 통해 화장품 소재로서의 활용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 전자공여능과 ABTS⁺ radical 소거능 측정 결과 최고 농도인 1,000 ㎍/ml에서 각각 89.6%, 88.7%의 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. Tyrosinase 저해활성 측정 결과 최고 농도인 1,000 ㎍/ml에서 ethyl acetate 분획물은 22.3%의 억제활성을 나타내었다. 세포 생존율 측정 결과, 멜라노마 세포와 대식세포에 대해 긴병꽃풀 ethyl acetate 분획물을 처리한 모든 구간에서 80% 이상의 생존율을 보였다. 긴병꽃풀 ethyl acetate 분획물의 단백질 및 mRNA 발현량을 측정하기 위한 western blot과 RT-PCR의 농도구간은 25, 50, 100 ㎍/ml으로 설정하였다. 그 결과 분획물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 발현양이 감소됨을 확인하였으며 미백관련 인자 MITF와 TRP-2의 단백질 발현 억제율이 대조군인 kojic acid에 비해 우수하였고, tyrosinase에 대해서는 100 ㎍/ml에서 29.1%의 가장 낮은 발현량을 보여 매우 뛰어난 mRNA 발현 억제를 확인할 수 있었다. Pro-inflammatory cytokine인 IL-1β, IL-6 및 TNF-α의 단백질 및 mRNA 발현량에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과, IL-6와 TNF-α의 인자가 같은 농도의 대조군인 Vit. C에 비해 높은 단백질 및 mRNA 억제율을 나타내었다. 이러한 실험결과를 기반으로 긴병꽃풀 ethyl acetate 분획물이 기능성 소재로서의 활용 가능성을 확인함으로써 화장품에 천연 소재로서 응용할 수 있을 것이라 판단되었다.