• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2011

The focus of this study was to clarify the relation between the nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine expression including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and also investigated the effect of G-NANA (N-acylneuraminic acid isolates from glycomacropeptide) or S-NANA (Synthetic N-acylneuraminic acid) on LPS stimuli from RAW264.7 cell. The NANA is the predominant sialic acid found in mammalian cells and G-NANA is isolation of GMP (GMP is a valuable bioactive peptide with a varying degree of glycosylation including sialic acid). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria induces the expression of cytokines and potent inducers of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6. In this experiment, upon stimulation with increasing concentrations of chitosan, the LPS-stimulated TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 secretion was significantly recovered with in the incubation media of RAW264.7 cells. Consistently, RT-PCR with mRNA and immunoblot analysis with anti-cytokine antiserum including TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 showed that the amount of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 secretion in the incubation media recovered with the concentration of chitosan. The LPS-stimulated NO secretion was significantly recovered with in the 6 and 12 h incubation media of RAW264.7 cells, too. The recovery effect of G-NANA on IL-6 and NO secretion may be induced via the stimulus of TNF-${\alpha}$ in RAW264.7 cell. These results once again suggest that G-NANA may have the anti-inflammatory effect via the stimulus of TNF-${\alpha}$ in the LPS-stimulated inflammation in RAW264.7 cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.740-744
• /
• 2005

Bifidobacterium has been previously shown to potentiate immune function, which was mediated through the stimulation of cytokine production by macrophage. This study was performed to further characterize the effective component of Bifidobacterium by measuring the level of interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine using the RAW 264.7 murine cell line as a macrophage model. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of whole cells (WCs), cell walls (CWs), and cell-free extracts (CFEs) from various strains of Bifidobacterium and other lactic acid bacteria at various concentrations. The most effective component was different depending on the strains and the concentrations used. When tested with each cell fraction from Bifidobacterium sp. BGN4, heat treatment of the cell fractions lowered the production of IL-6. Synergistic effect was obtained, especially when CWs and CFEs were combined. Sonicated WCs stimulated IL-6 production more than intact WCs. The in vitro approaches employed here should be useful in further characterization of the effects of Bifidobacterium on gastrointestinal and systemic immunity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.201-205
• /
• 2009

In an ongoing investigation into anti-inflammatory compounds from natural products, the $CH_2Cl_2$ soluble fraction of Patrinia scabiosaefolia F. (Valerianaceae) was found to inhibit IL-6 production in TNF-$\alpha$ stimulated MG-63 cell line. By means of a bioassay-directed chromatographic separation technique, lappaol E (1), and nortrachelogenin (2) were isolated. These compounds have been isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds $1{\sim}2$ showed potent antioxidative activity using NBT superoxide scavenging assay. Moreover, compound 1 decreased IL-6 production in TNF-$\alpha$ stimulated MG-63 cell line.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.201-215
• /
• 2000

1. Background and Purpose According to Sasang constitutional medicine, Yuldahansotang(YHT) is a useful prescription for Teaumin patients with a variety of neurologic disorders. Then, I investigated about certain relationships between the effect of YHT and the changes of immune system, especially cytokine network. 2. Methods We studied 8 Taeumin patients with Cerbral infarction. They were treated with YHT in constitutional clinic of Wonkwang Kwagnju Oriental Hospital. We investigated the changes of cytokine network of them. We also investigated cytokine release by lipopolysaccharide- activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy Taeumin controls. 3. Results The mean interleukin (IL)-2 plasma levels were slightly lower in the plasma of patients than in normal group, whereas the mean IL-4, IL-6 and IgE levels were significantly higher. But there were no significant differences in $interferon-{\gamma}$($IFN-{\gamma}$) levels between each group. After administration of YHT for two to four weeks, plasma levels of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-2 derived from T helper (Th) 1 cells were elevated significantly, whereas plasma levels of IL-4 and IL-6 derived from Th2 cells were reduced significantly. Plasma levels of IgE were reduced significantly, too. During the period of YHT administration, other adverse effects are not shown. It is increased significantly to Cytokine release by lipopolysaccharide -activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy Taeumin controls. And the release of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-2 and IL-6 was progressively decreased in the plasma treated with YHT. It shows regulatory effects of YHT to cytokine production.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.613-620
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate of Mori Folium Water Extract (MF) on anti-inflammation activity. MF Water extracts after 24 houres cultivation were examined to ascertain the cell viability of mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The influence of the Water extracts in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells treated with LPS was investigated. nitric oxide (NO) production, nterleukin$(IL)-1{\alpha}$ IL-6 and IL-10 increased generation of cytokines. mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells cell viability changes were no decreas after MTT assay of MF Water extract. The MF water extracts inhibited NO generation caused by LPS in the macrophages over $25{\mu}g/mL$. The MF water extracts increased in the control group the $IL-1{\alpha}$ and IL-6 activation generated by LPS in the macrophages over $50{\mu}g/mL$. Accordingly, it was found that different MF water extract concentrations significantly influenced certain anti-inflammation activities in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results of this study are expected to be highly applicable to health - friendly functional materials. Further studies are needed to confirm the signaling pathways associated with anti-inflammation of macrophages through continuous studies.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 1994

치조골흡수는 만성치주질환의 전형적인 증상이다. 골흡수에 작용하는 여러 요인들 중에서도, 특히 최근에 들어서 몇몇 cytokine들에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는데, interleukin-1(IL-1), tumor necrosis factor(TNF) 및 interleukin-6(IL-6) 등이 치주질환의 진행과정에서 중요한 치조골흡수요인으로 제안되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 신생쥐의 골조직 배양실험을 통해서 recombinant human $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($rHuIL-1{\beta}$), recombinant human tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$($rHuTNF-{\alpha}$) 및 recombinant human interleukin-6(rHuIL-6) 의 골흡수 유도효과를 알아보고, cyclooxygenase 억제제인 indomethacin과 recombinant murine $interferon-{\gamma}$($rMurIFN-{\gamma}$)가 이들 cytokine의 골흡수 유도능력에 미치는 영향을 알아봄으로써 이들 cytokine의 작용기구에 대해서 알아보고자 하는데 있다. 생후 1-2일된 쥐에게 $1{\mu}Ci^{45}CaCl_2$를 피하주사하고 4일 후에 쥐를 희생시켜 $^{45}Ca$ 로 표지된 두개골을 얻어 24시간 전배양 후, 각 cytokine ($rHuIL-1{\beta}$, $rHuTNF-{\alpha}$ 및 rHuIL-6)과 cytokine 및 첨가약제 (indomethacin 및 $rMurIFN-{\gamma}$)가 함유된 배지로 교환하여 48시간 배양한다. 골흡수 유도효과는 두개골에서 48시간의 배양 중 유리되는 $^{45}Ca$의 방사능 정도로 평가하였다. 본 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. $rHuIL-1{\beta}$ ($10^{-12}-10^{-9}M$) 및 $rHuTNF-{\alpha}$ ($10^{-10}-10^{-8}M$)는 농도변화에 따르는 골흡수 유도효과를 보였으나 , rHuIL-6 ($10^{-10}-10^{-8}M$)는 유의할 만한 효과를 보이지 않았다. 2. Indomethacin ($10^{-6}M$)은 $rHuIL-1{\beta}$ 및 $rHuTNF-{\alpha}$의 골흡수 유도작용에 유의할 만한 억제효과를 나타내지 않았다. 3. $rMurIFN-{\gamma}$ (1000 U/ml) 은 $rHuIL-1{\beta}$ 및 $rHuTNF-{\alpha}$의 골흡수 유도작용에 유의한 억제효과를 나타내었다. 본연구를 통해 치주질환 환자의 치주조직에서 검출되는 $IL-1{\beta}$ 및 $TNF-{\alpha}$가 치조골 흡수에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.293-306
• /
• 2009

In this study, the biological response of fetal rat calvarial cells on alkali- and heat-treated titanium was assessed. The results were as follows; Cell proliferation on alkali- and heat-treated surfaces showed significantly higher level than on the titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium (weight percentage: 6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium, Ti-6Al-4V) surface (p<0.01). In ELISA analysis, concentration of $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were raised when the cells were grown to day 7. Pre-treatment with herbimycin, a known tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppressed the production of IL-6 (p<0.01). In comparison to commercially pure titanium (grade II, cp-Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V alloy, alkali- and heat-treated titanium enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (p<0.001). In RT-PCR analysis, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, receptor activated nuclear factor ligand mRNA expression was increased alkali- and heat-treated titanium. Herbimycin and SB203580, p38 MAPK inhibitor, were repressed of $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ IL-6 mRNA expression. These results suggest that alkali- and heat-treated titanium stimulate osteoblasts differentiation and facilitate bone remodeling.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 2006

Behcet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, and ocular inflammation, and which may involve the joints, skin, central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Although the exact pathogenesis for BD is not completely understood, it has been suggested that the disease is triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by environmental factors, such as microbial agents. It is noted that multiple genes, including MHC (major histocompatibility complex) and non-MHC genes, are implicated in the pathogenesis of BD. This study tries to determine whether IL-6 gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to Behcet's disease in Koreans. Gene polymorphisms were typed by VNTR (variable number of tandem repeat), RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), DHPLC (denaturing high performance liquid chromatography).There were no evidences for genetic association conferred by the IL-6prom polymorphism. However, significant differences in the IL-6vntr genotype and allele frequencies were found between patients with BD and controls. The IL-6vntr*C allele appeared to be an additional susceptibility gene to Korean BD. Further studies in other populations and gene are required to confirm these results.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.171-175
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify salivary and serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) in patients with oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Patients selected included 54 oral lichen planus (41 to 65 years), 50 oral leukoplakia (42 to 65 years), 51 oral submucous fibrosis (41 to 65 years), and 50 healthy controls (42 to 65 years). Oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis cases were diagnosed using histopathological analysis. Salivary and serum cytokine concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay kits in all subjects. Results: The levels of serum and salivary $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-8 were statistically significantly increased in oral leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis, and lichen planus in contrast to normal healthy subjects (P<0.05). Serum and salivary correlation analysis revealed strong and highly significant correlations for $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-8 in all groups (r=0.72-0.82, P<0.05). Conclusion: Salivary and serum cytokines were also elevated when analyzed in oral precancerous lesions. Thus, salivary and serum IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels might act as diagnostic markers for detection of oral precancer.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.192-194
• /
• 2022

The trophic factor Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) plays a critical role in the development of the peripheral nervous system and the repair of nerve injuries. The regulation of neutrophil apoptosis by cytokine secretion from structural cells is an important process in inflammatory diseases, including asthma. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NRG-1 and the alteration of neutrophil apoptosis by the regulation of cytokine release in the human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) induce the increase in the release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). NRG-1 alone had no effect on the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. However, co-treatment of TNF-α and IFN-γ with NRG-1 inhibited the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 that had been increased by TNF-α and IFN-γ. Treatment with NRG-1 did not have a direct effect on neutrophil apoptosis. Co-treatment of TNF-α and IFN-γ with NRG-1 was not effective on suppression of neutrophil apoptosis due to TNF-α and IFN-γ. The supernatant of BEAS-2B cells after co-treatment of TNF-α and IFN-γ with NRG-1 suppressed the inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis that had been caused due to the supernatant treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ. Taken together, NRG-1 has an anti-inflammatory effect in an inflammatory milieu by the regulation of cytokine secretion and neutrophil apoptosis.