• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.841-851
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• 2013

생물학적 유기체 모델에서의 바이러스 특성을 이용한 전염성 정보은닉 시스템은 비디오 인코더 및 디코더에 대해 각각 최적의 워터마크 은닉 및 검출 방법을 적용하고 비디오의 재생 또는 편집 등이 발생할 때마다 워터마크를 전이시킴으로써 각종 공격에 강인하게 함으로써 비디오 콘텐츠의 안전한 유통을 가능하게 하기 위한 방법이다. 본 논문은 전염성 정보은닉 시스템을 위한 전염성 정보의 생성과 빠르고 효율적인 가역 워터마킹 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 비디오 콘텐츠 기반 가역 워터마킹을 위해 제어 코드및 콘텐츠 유효기간을 워터마크와 결합하여 전염시킨 후, 비디오 재생 시에 능동적으로 콘텐츠의 화질 및 워터마크 강도를 제어할 수 있으며, 실시간성을 만족하기 위해 계산복잡도가 낮게 설계되었다. 또한, 가역 워터마크 복원을 위한 시간지연이 발생하지 않도록 매크로블록 단위의 워터마크 및 부가정보 은닉이 수행된다. 실험결과 제안 기법이 실시간성을 만족하며, 공격받지 않은 비디오 비트스트림에 대해 가역 워터마크 검출 및 영상 복원 후 워터마크 손실은 0%였으며, 복원 후의 화질은 동일한 비트율로 압축한 비디오와 거의 동일함을 확인하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.365-369
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• 2006

According to the IIHS (Insurance Institute fur Highway Safety), side impacts are made up 30% of all accidents (reported 1998). In the case of auto accidents, head and neck injuries were most common as 58%, injuries to the body's trunk equaled 32%, and injuries to the abdomen were 21%. Therefore in this study, injury of wheelchair occupant in frontal and side impact of wheelchair loaded vehicle was analyzed using computer simulation method. The occupant was restrained at the rear of wheelchair by the lap belt. The detailed fixation and restrain conditions of the wheelchair occupant are referred to SAR J2249's recommendation. We estimated HIC(Head Injury Criteria) and HNIC (Head and Neck Injury Criteria) based on measured data.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2017

In order to improve occupant protection in frontal crash, the IIHS introduced a small overlap frontal crash test in 2012. When the front corner of a car collides with another car or object, such as utility pole the test replicated the sequence of events. Because occupants move simultaneously forward and toward the side of the vehicle this test is challenging for some airbag and safety belt designs. In the small overlap frontal test, a car travels at 64 km/h toward a rigid barrier. A hybrid III dummy is positioned in the driver seat. 25% of the total width of the car strikes the barrier on the driver side. After review of small overlap frontal test protocol and overall rating, six run-throughs were performed according to the original test method.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

AEB (Autonomous Emergency Braking system), a system in which vehicles automatically recognize forward objects or pedestrians and actively brake when forward collisions are expected, has been mandated by NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) and IIHS (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) for all vehicles sell in the United States since 2022, and AEB research is also actively underway in korea. In this study, it can be confirmed that the passenger injury is reduced according to the AEB detection distance when it is assumed that the AEB is mounted in the actual event generated from KIDAS (Korea New Car Assessment Program) data through various analysis programs.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2012

The fatalities rate for passenger vehicles, vans, and commercial vehicles is 1.23, 1.90 and 2.46 deaths per 10,000 registered vehicles, respectively. This shows that vans and commercial vehicles are vulnerable compare to passenger vehicles. To evaluate the crashworthiness of van and Light Truck Vehicle(LTV), we carried out frontal offset crash test at 64km/h, 40% overlap as per IIHS(Insurance Institute for Highway Safety). The test result show that LTV is very poor to protect occupant at frontal crash cause there is no safety system such as airbag and pretensioner and front end length(distance from front bumper to steering wheel) is short. One of the van rated as the lowest rating even it is equipped with airbag, cause its safety cage was collapsed during the test. This result shows that the structural integrity is very important in terms of occupant protection.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2013

The whiplash Injuries due to rear collision occur frequently. As result, in many countries, seat performance is being assessed and developed to improve head whiplash injury in rear collision of passenger car. This study compares whiplash assessment methods in each country. Using the DFSS(Design for Six Sigma) method, the correlation between influence parameters of head restraints and whiplash injury criteria is analyzed. Four control factors are used in this study. And total 11 whiplash injury criteria from NCAP(New Car Assessment Program) of Korea, Europe, China and IIHS(Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) of USA are used for output response. By the experimental design, L9 orthogonal coordinate system is configured and is tested by sled test equipment, twice. By using average assay value and ANOVA, the correlation between control factors and injury criteria has been comprehended. Optimization design of head restraint according the regional seat safety assessment was derived through the correlation.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2013

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause (70%) of children injury and fatality. 98% of Children under the age of 9 who came to emergency room with a traffic accident are not seated in CRS. Reduction in mortality when using CRS (NHTSA study), 71% for infants of 1-2 years old, 54% for 3-6 years old and 7-12 years old. It is very important and essential to use CRS for child passenger safety. But in Korean market, the CRS fitment rate is relatively low (20~40%). For European market, at the start of 2013, Euro NCAP started to check how easy it is to install the most common seats. And US market, NHTSA is planning a new consumer information program of CRS fitment for near future. This study examines CRS installation performance of 3 vehicles which are produced by GM Korea and 21 CRS which are based on sales volume in Korean market. Purpose of this study is to identify both vehicle and CRS design that causes bad interaction for CRS installation.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2003

In today's design trend of vehicle structure, crush zone is fiequently reinforced by adding a box-shaped sub-frame in order to avoid an excessive deformation against a high-speed offset barrier such as EU Directive 96/97 EC, IIHS offset test. That kind of vehicle structure design results in a relatively monotonic crash pulse for airbag ECU(Electronic Control Unit) located at non-crush zone. As for an angular crash event, the measured crash signal using a single-axis accelerometer in a longitudinal direction is usually weaker than that of frontal barrier crash. Therefore, it is not so easy task to achieve a satisfactory crash discrimination performance for offset and angular crash events. In this paper, we introduce a new crash discrimination algorithm using an electronic X-Y 2-axis accelerometer in order to improve crash discrimination performance especially for those crash events. The proposed method uses a crash signal in lateral direction(Y-axis) as well as in longitudinal direction(X-axis). A crash severity measure obtained from Y-axis acceleration is used to improve the discrimination between fire and no-fire events. The result obtained by the proposed measure is logically ORed with an existing algorithm block using X-axis crash signal. Simulation and pulse injection test have been conducted to verify the performance of proposed algorithm by using real crash data of a 2,000cc passenger vehicle.