• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.58-76
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• 2019

Objectives : This study was designed to examine the effects of Daecheonglyong-tang(DCL) on atopic dermatitis induced by DNCB in mice Methods : The Nc/Nga mice were divided into 5 groups, and four groups excluding the normal group were applied by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB), to cause AD and were orally administered with distilled water(negative control), dexamethasone(positive control), and DCL 200 or 400mg/kg once a day for 4 weeks respectively. The visual changes on skin, changes in skin tissue thickness and eosinophil infiltration were observed. IgE, Histamine, Cytokines, immune cells and the amount of gene expression of filaggrin, VEGF, $TGF-{\beta}1$, EGF were measured. Results : Dermatitis score showed a gross improvement on all DCL groups, similar to or better than positive control. All DCL groups showed no significant change in the basophils, while neutrophils and eosinophils decreased. In only DCL 400 mg/kg groups, white blood cells and mononuclear cells were decreased and lymphocytes were increased. In particular, neutrophils had similar or better effects than the positive control. In all DCL groups, IgE, Histamine, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were decreased and IL-2 was increased. In only DCL 400 mg/kg groups, IL-10 decreased and $IFN-{\gamma}$ increased. In particular, $IL-1{\beta}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ showed a similar rate of increase and decrease comparing positive control in DCL 400 mg/kg. $TGF-{\beta}$1 was increased in all DCL groups, filaggrin and VEGF were increased in only DCL 400 mg/kg groups. EGF did not make any changes. Epidermis, dermis thickness and eosinophil infiltration were also decreased in all DCL groups. Conclusions : By increasing Th1 cytokine and decreasing Th2 cytokine, DCL extracts appear to be effective in controlling immune response imbalances, anti-inflammatory and skin regeneration and are likely to be available as a treatment for AD.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2017

Objectives : Tribulus terrestris $Linn{\acute{e}}$ (Tribuli Fructus; TF) has been used to treat hypochondrium, agalactia, nebula, itching and vitiligo in traditional Korean medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of TF 30% ethanol extract on inflammatory responses in IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells. Methods : TF extract was prepared by 30% ethanol. RBL-2H3 cells, a rat mast cell line, were treated with TF extract at different concentrations for 1 hr and then stimulated with DNP-IgE/HSA for indicated times. Cell viability was measured by WST-1 assay. The expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13 and $IFN-{\gamma}$) mRNA was determined by reverse transcriptase-PCR, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK MAP kinases (MAPKs) was determined by Western blot. The nuclear expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 in the cells was detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Results : The treatment of TF extract at 0.1 and $0.2mg/m{\ell}$ significantly decreased the expression of IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA in IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells, while significantly increased the expression of $IFN-{\gamma}$ mRNA. TF extract treatment was also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK MAPKs in IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, TF extract significantly blocked the translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 into the nuclear of cells after IgE stimulation. Conclusions : These results indicate that TF extract inhibits inflammatory response in IgE-stimulated mast cells through blocking MAPKs/$NF-{\kappa}B$ pathway. This suggests that TF extract has an anti-inflammatory activity in mast cell activation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Objectives : Silkworm is known as immunomodulatory substances and contain various bioactive compounds such as serine, tyrosine and alanine. The aim of this study was to investigated the immunopotentiating activity of combine extract that silkworm and food materials (Eucommia ulmoides, Angelica gigas, Acanthopanax, Allium hookeri, Cinnamomum cassia, Liriope platyphylla, Curcuma longa, Achyranthes japonica, Alpinia oxyphylla, Adenophora triphylla). Methods : Among 10 kinds of food materials, to select food materials with the effect of enhancing the immune function mouse splenocyte proliferation ability was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Then, combine extract of silkworm and food materials were evaluated that mouse splenocyte proliferation ability by EZ-cytox cell viability assay. Morever, cytokines production such as IL-2, IL-4, IL10, IL12, $IFN-{\gamma}$ on mouse T lymphocyte stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) was measured. Results : Eucommia ulmoides, Acanthopanax, Allium hookeri, Cinnamomum cassia, Liriope platyphylla has high proliferation ability of mouse splenocyte compared with Curcuma longa, Achyranthes japonica, Alpinia oxyphylla, Adenophora triphylla. The silkworm and food material combined extract has a relatively high proliferation ability of mouse splenocyte proliferation when the silkworm and food materials are used as a single material. In particularly, combined extract of silkworm and Cinnamomum cassia was stimulate cytokine production on T lymphocyte such as IL12, $IFN-{\gamma}$. Combined extract of silkworm and Liriope platyphylla was stimulate cytokine production on T lymphocyte such as IL2, IL4, IL10. Conclusion : In conclusion, the combined extract of the silkworm and Cinnamomum cassia or Liriope platyphylla may enhance immune function by regulating mouse splenocyte proliferation and stimulating cytokine production.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

Investigation of secondary bioactive metabolites from the fruiting bodies of Lactarius hatsudake led to the isolation of four azulene derivatives by means of repeated column chromatography and preparative HPLC, and they were identified as 1-formyl-4-methyl-7-isopropyl azulene (1), lactaroviolin (2), 4-methyl-7-isopropyl-azulene-1-carboxylic acid (3), and 1-formyl-4-methyl-7-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl) azulene (4) by their physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for the effects on modulation of cytokines in natural killer cell line (NK92 cells). Compounds 1 and 4 strongly inhibited IFN-$\gamma$ production in a dose-dependent manner, corresponding to 101.3 % and 92.7 % inhibition at 400 ${\mu}M$, and 11.9 % and 24.1 % at 100 ${\mu}M$, respectively, whereas compounds 2 and 3 showed weak inhibitory effect on INF-$\gamma$ production, corresponding to 45.9 % and 18.0 % inhibition at 400 ${\mu}M$.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.191-206
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• 2006

Objective & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix herbal-acupuncture solution(APR-HAS) at Joksamni(ST36) on collagen IT induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice. The author performed several experimental items to analyze several cytokines and immune cells related with RA. Results : 1. In the APR-HA group, the incidence of arthritis and arthritis index were significantly decreased. 2. In APR-HA group, the levels of IL-6, $INF-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IgG, IgM, $IL-{\beta}$ and Anti-collagen II in serum of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased. 3. In APR-HA group, the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4 in the CIA mouse spleen cell culture were significantly decreased. 4. In histology, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the APR-HA group, and the collagen fiber expressions in the APR-HA group were similar with that of the Normal group. 5. In the APR-HA group, CD3e+/CD19+ and CD4+/CD8+ were similarly maintained as Normal group in the CIA mouse lymph nodes, 6. In the APR-HA group, CD3e+/CD69+ was significantly decreased in the CIA mouse joint. 7. In the APR-HA group, CD11a+/CD19+ and CD11b+/Gr-l+ were significantly decreased in the CIA mouse lymph nodes 8. In the APR-HA group, CD4+/CD25+ was decreased in the CIA mouse spleen cell. 9. In the APR-HA group, CD4+/CD25+ was similarly maintained as Normal group in the CIA mouse lymph nodes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2008

The object of this trial was to investigate the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation on the performance and immunological response of broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty 1-day old male broilers ($39{\pm}1g$) were separated into six treatments which were given six different feeds containing 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. On days 21 and 42, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversation rate were recorded as measures of growth performance. The levels of key cytokines in the immuno-regulating pathway: interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon $\gamma$(IFN-$\gamma$, tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$, and the concentrations of signal molecules: peripheral blood plasma globulin, serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and intestinal secretary Immunoglobulin A (sIgA), were measured as indices of the immune response to determine suitable levels of dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. The results indicated that performance was elevated quadratically with dietary ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan supplementation. Maximal growth performance and an enhanced immunological response were obtained at a supplemented level of 50 mg/kg.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2000

Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ plays important roles in inflammatory responses. Some of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THI) compounds exhibited to inhibit iNOS expression in animal studies and RAW 264.7 cells, but the action of THI on inflammatory reaction was not fully investigated. In the present study, we examined a limited series of THIs (higenamine, YS-51 and THI-52) on the $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages by Northern analysis. When thioglycollate-stimulated peritoneal macrophages were incubated with LPS (100 ng/ml), expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA was evident and reached its maximum at 2.5 h, which was reduced concentration-dependently by treatment with THIs. When the $TNF-{\alpha}$ activity of macrophage-conditioned media was measured using a TNF-sensitive L929 fibroblast cell line, CCL 1, all THIs increased the cell viability in a concentration dependent manner. The concentrations of THIs used are not cytotoxic by itself when analysed by MTT. Furthermore, nitrite/nitrate level was significantly reduced by the presence of THIs in cells treated with $LPS+interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma}).$ It is concluded, thus, that these results strongly indicated that THIs can suppress the $TNF-{\alpha}$ expression and reduce NO, which may be useful for the inflammatory disorders.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.155-170
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• 2002

면역억제와 면역항진의 작용을 지닌 녹용(鹿茸)약침의 실험쥐에서의 type II collagen(CII)으로 유발된 관절염(CIA)에 대한 효과를 연구하였다. 본 실험에서 녹용(鹿茸)약침군과 생리식염수군을 대조군으로 하여 실험쥐에게 약침시술을 하였다. 녹용(鹿茸)약침이 CII에 작용하는 세포반응에 대한 효과를 검정하였는데, 대조군에서는 CII 유발주사 후 24일에 관절염이 관찰되었고, CIA의 정도가 점차적으로 심해졌다. 생리식염수 처리군과 비교해 24일 동안 하루에 한번 $50{\mu}g/kg$ 이상 용량의 녹용(鹿茸)약침은 CII 처리 T cell의 interleukin 2(IL-2)와 interferon-${\gamma}$($IFN-{\gamma}$) 생산능력을 억제했다. 또한 녹용(鹿茸)약침은 CII처리 임파절과 대식세포의 tumor necrosis facter ${\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$)의 생산을 억제했다. 한편 CIA에 대한 약침효능의 지표는 녹용(鹿茸)약침을 14일간 하루에 한번씩 처리하면서, 소의 CII로 3주 간격으로 2번 유발접종을 실시하여 검정하였다. 첫 CII 유발접종과 동시에 일일 투여량 $100{\mu}g/kg$으로 14일간의 녹용(鹿茸)약침이 항체형성과 CII에 대한 지연형 과민성 뿐만 아니라 관절염의 증가도 막아주었다. 녹용(鹿茸)약침을 관절염 유발성 CII의 2차 접종과 동시에 시술한 결과, 관절염과 CII에 대한 면역반응을 억제하였다. 이에 저자는 CII로 유발된 관절염에 대한 녹용(鹿茸)약침의 억제효과에 대하여 보고하는 바이다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2001

Objective : There are many reports that acupuncture has thermoregulatory effects on human and animals. To investigate the effect and mechanism of antipyretic action of acupuncture, we observed the body temperature and cytokine expressions in the hypothalamus of rats. Methods : Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, i.p., 2.5mg/kg) was injected to conscious rats (Sprague-Dawley, male, n=4l) to cause hyperthermia and simple needling (stainless steel, 0.25 mm o.d., 5 mm insertion for 10 sec with no manipulation) was performed bilaterally with the measurement of rectal temperature. Next, we sacrificed rats to remove brain and determined the level of mRNA for interleukin-6 (IL-6), $interleukin-1{\beta}{\;}(IL-1{\beta})$, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and $interferon-{\gamma}{\;}(IFN-{\gamma})$ in the hypothalamus by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Resul1s : Needling on forepaw (acupoint HT8) and needling on hindpaw (acupoint BL66 and acupoint LR2) significantly inhibited LPS-induced fever of rats (P<0.01, 10 min after treatment respectively), but same treatment on proximal tail (non-acupoint) did not cause any change on fever. The levels of IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ mRNA in the hypothalamus was significantly enhanced by LPS-injection, while the level of IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$ mRNA was markedly reduced after treatment on BL66 (P<0.01). Treatment on forepaw reduced it slightly, but not significantly. Equivalent stimulation on proximal tail did not cause any changes. Conclusions : Our results indicate that acupuncture stimulation on various body parts has differential thermoregulatory effects on LPS-induced fever of rats with site-specificity. And, we suggest that its antipyretic action might be accompanied with the suppression of hypothalamic production of pro-inflammatory cytokine of immune system, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2007

Purpose : To evaluate the chemokine expression in children with a non-productive cough. Materials and Methods : Six children with a non-productive cough who visited Yeungnam University Hospital were evaluated for the mRNA expression of interferon-${\gamma}$-inducible protein 10(IP-10), macrophage cationic protein 1 and 3 (MCP-1, 3), interleukin (IL)-8, regulated upon activation in normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin and growth-related oncogene-${\alpha}$ (Gro-${\alpha}$) using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results : The chemokines IP-10 and MCP-3 were expressed in all samples. The chemokine RANTES was expressed in five cases, and IL-8 was expressed in three among them. However, eotaxin, Gro-${\alpha}$ and MCP-1 were not expressed at all. The expression of chemokine MCP-3, RANTES and IL-8 were suppressed after the resolution of coughing in just one available case. Conclusion : The chemokines MCP-3, RANTES and IL-8 may contribute to airway inflammation in children with a non-productive cough, whereas IP-10 is of secondary importance in this condition.