• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1418-1427
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• 2020

The web has become indispensable in all of our daily lives. We communicate, study and get information with others through the web. This behavior also continues in the smart phone environment. The biggest problem is that the small display screen of a smart phone degrades the accuracy in selecting or manipulating content for people with low vision. To compensate for this, voice guidance services that combine touch and voice, such as VoiceOver and Talkback, are currently provided to smart phone devices. However, restrictions arise in GUI, TTS control problems, and content expansion and selection. In addition, unnecessary content is also output by voice, which causes fatigue for low vision people to use. In this study, we propose a mobile web browser interface that selects and enlarges a desired area from web browsers and contents, or outputs it as a voice so that people with low vision can easily use the mobile web browser. In this paper, we propose a context selective focusing function that enables selection for each element of web content. In addition, we intend to develop a mobile voice web browser that can enlarge the selected content or output it by voice.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.566-573
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• 2020

Computers are the most common tool when using the Internet and utilizing a mouse to select and execute objects. Eye tracking technology is welcomed as an alternative technology to help control computers for users who cannot use their hands due to their disabilities. However, the pointer execution method of the existing eye tracking technique causes many malfunctions. Therefore, in this paper, we developed a gaze tracking interface that combines voice commands to solve the malfunction problem when the upper limb disabled uses the existing gaze tracking technology to execute computer menus and objects. Usability verification was conducted through comparative experiments regarding the improvements of the malfunction. The upper limb disabled who are hand-impaired use eye tracking technology to move the pointer and utilize the voice commands, such as, "okay" while browsing the computer screen for instant clicks. As a result of the comparative experiments on the reduction of the malfunction of pointer execution with the existing gaze interfaces, we verified that our system, Eye-Voice, reduced the malfunction rate of pointer execution and is effective for the upper limb disabled to use.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.265-276
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of creating barrier-free exhibition-appreciation environment based on the visually impaired person's perspectives. Participants were selected by the purposeful sampling method. Researchers conducted a couple of in-depth interviews with four visually impaired persons. Yin's case study method was employed to analyze qualitative information. The analysis revealed nine sub-themes in two sections: three from 'accessibility within the exhibition room'; and six from 'demand for immersive exhibition environment.' Based on the results, following suggestions were presented: First, we need to provide quality information appropriate for artworks-appreciation; secondly, to ensure the visually impaired people to appreciate the culture and arts without any barrier, we need to extend certification of barrier-free living environment to exhibition-appreciation area. Finally, to facilitate these two tasks we need to encourage the convergence research among science and technology, humanities and society, and culture and arts.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.903-912
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• 2021

Eye tracking research for upper limb disabilities is showing an effect in the aspect of device control. However, the reality is that it is not enough to perform web interaction with only eye tracking technology. In the Eye-Voice interface, a previous study, in order to solve the problem that the existing gaze tracking interfaces cause a malfunction of pointer execution, a gaze tracking interface supplemented with a voice command was proposed. In addition, the reduction of the malfunction rate of the pointer was confirmed through a comparison experiment with the existing interface. In this process, the difficulty of pointing due to the small size of the execution object in the web environment was identified as another important problem of malfunction. In this study, we propose an auto-magnification interface of objects so that people with upper extremities can freely click web contents by improving the problem that it was difficult to point and execute due to the high density of execution objects and their arrangements in web pages.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.279-306
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• 2022

Public institutions and governments develop discussions on the premise that they can facilitate smooth public communication with the socially vulnerable by promoting citizens' welfare by providing voice-based service chatbots to citizens. The purpose of the study is to propose a plan for intelligent governments to provide quick and efficient administrative services by efficiently managing knowledge and information within and outside government organizations based on ICT and facilitating access and use of information for citizens, especially vulnerable groups. This paper confirms that citizens' attitudes, perceptions, and expectations for public institutions ahead of voice-based service provision are positive through small surveys and interviews with experts with knowledge of artificial intelligence, discuss the technical aspects of voice-based services, the significance and necessity of public institutions. In addition, the government and public institutions are considering the implications of using and providing voice-based services. As a result, chatbot's voice-based service is of great significance in providing an opportunity and platform for wider citizens to participate in intelligent government, to strengthen information accessibility, guarantee and strengthen human rights and basic rights of the socially vulnerable.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.125-149
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• 2012

As the smart phone is propagating rapidly, the importance of mobile advertisement has also grown. One of the main characteristics of the Internet and smart phone advertising is that they can deliver personalized advertisements to each customer. The smart phone enables the identification of additional personalized information such as the customer's location and the accessibility to the site at any place any time. As the Internet platform becomes richer, firms that offer the ad services via the wired PC Internet and wireless smart phone are seeking various types of personalized ads. However, their service platform and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platform should be suitable to the characteristics of personalized ads. This research explores various types of personalized ad methods and evaluates their adequacy encompassing four types of ad service platforms (such as search portal, news portal, e-mall servers, and SNS) and two types of ICT platforms (PC Internet and smart phone). To this end, we classified the personalized ads into seven types: three basic types and four composite types. The basic types of ad methods are identified by considering the current activity that the customer is engaged, the individual profile and log history, and the customer's current location or planning location. Four composite types of ad methods are constructed as the combination of these basic types. For those types of ad methods, we evaluate whether each ad method adequately maps with four types of ad service platforms and two types of ICT platforms. We proposed a metric of evaluation and demonstrated the concept with illustrative numbers. Specifically, we analyze and compare personalized ad methods in three ways. Firstly, the possibility of implementing a personalized ad method on the platform is analyzed to confirm the degree of suitability. Secondly, the value of personalized ad method is analyzed based on the customer accessibility. Lastly, expected effectiveness for each personalized ad method is computed by multiplying the possibility and the value. Through this kind of analysis, the ad service providers as well as advertising companies can evaluate what kinds of personalized ad methods and platforms are possible and suitable to maximize their ad effectiveness on the Internet and smart phone platforms.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.270-282
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• 2016

A community center is situated near the residential areas and is the public facility that acts as the core of local cultural activities. A community center, as the general cultural activities increases, is transforming into a facility that promotes the community restoration and living convenience such as welfare, sports, art activities, and education etc. beyond location of simple leisurely activities. This study considers local residents' accessibility through the renovation of preexisting community center.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

Purpose: This study established the state of the utilisation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in Zimbabwean urban district councils to manage municipal knowledge. The way municipal knowledge and service delivery information are managed influences the usefulness and accessibility of the information to the various stakeholders. The effective management of this information thus determines the quality of decisions made by Zimbabwean urban councils. Research design, data and methodology: The study adopted a single case study design, employing a purely qualitative research approach. The purposive sampling technique was used to select key informants who participated in the study. Collected data were analysed using thematic content analysis. Results: The findings revealed that the Masvingo City Council was not fully utilising ICTs to manage service delivery knowledge. It has been at a minimum level in cases where they have been used. Conclusions: This research contributes to the Zimbabwean local government body of knowledge, providing the evidence needed to form a basis for future research, focusing on knowledge management and information technology utilisation in municipal organisations. The researchers recommended that Masvingo City Council direct more resources towards improving the existing ICT infrastructure and employee training programmes to improve the management of the organisation's knowledge.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.203-221
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• 2002

This study attempts to analyze the spatial characteristics of cyberspace and to map spatial variations of cyberspace. In order to analyze the spatial distribution of cyberspace, three measurement indices are selected such as commercial domain number, Internet backbone network, and Internet users, which are highly correlated to each other. The three sets of measurement showed that cyberspace in Korea is spreading in a highly uneven fashion, strongly favoring a few cities and unfavoring economically distressed cities. Seoul acts on overwhelmingly dominant role in cyberspace, by being concentrated a number of domains and having high-capacity bandwidth on Internet backbone network. Internet is selectively connecting several cities into highly interactive networks, while at the same time largely bypassing other cities. The development of Internet network through infrastructure investments at selected cities has resulted in an uneven accessibility and digital divide among cities. The regional disparity would be further reinforced by ICT development as the primary vehicle for unequal accessibility. The result of this study revealed that geography continues to matter, despite the recent rhetoric claiming of 'the death of distance'or 'the end of geography'.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

As the importance of ICT use in education grows, this study analyzes the differences and characteristics of perceptions of educational fields and industries on the use of Edutech, and proposes policy suggestions for revitalizing Edutech by deriving requirements. Accordingly, a survey was conducted on 201 teachers and 100 companies, and IPA analysis, Borich's needs, basic statistics, and t-test were conducted to find out the necessity and utilization of Edutech. As a result, they were highly aware of the need for the use of Edutech, and perceived that the support or accessibility for Edutech was insufficient. Accordingly, direct exchange between on-site teachers and companies from the product development stage to utilization and follow-up management, professional support for the introduction of Edutech, simplification of the purchase process and deregulation, customized support and training programs according to the characteristics of teachers are required. In the future, it is necessary to consider the changes in education that will occur after COVID-19 and establish appropriate product development and spread strategies.