• Title/Summary/Keyword: ICR

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The Reliability and Comparison of ICR Network Based on SCI (SCI에 근거한 ICR 네트워크의 신뢰도와 비교)

  • Kim Dong-Chul
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.7-12
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study is to study the relability of degree 2 ICR(Interleaved Cydic Ring) network and to compare with the other rings. Two node reliability is the probability that source node communicates with the destination node through a specified time interval for ICR network. The impact for change of failure rate is studied for ICR network for small size of network, the exact value of reliability is calculated but the approximation of average reliability general function from upper bound and lower bound reliability is obtained for large size of it. The reliability of ICR network is compared with it of the other rings according to changing the cycle value of ICR.

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Comparison of scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment responses in three different ICR stocks

  • Yoon, Woo Bin;Choi, Hyeon Jun;Kim, Ji Eun;Park, Ji Won;Kang, Mi Ju;Bae, Su Ji;Lee, Young Ju;Choi, You Sang;Kim, Kil Soo;Jung, Young-Suk;Cho, Joon-Yong;Hwang, Dae Youn;Song, Hyun Keun
    • Laboraroty Animal Research
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.317-328
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    • 2018
  • Cognitive impairment responses are important research topics in the study of degenerative brain diseases as well as in understanding of human mental activities. To compare response to scopolamine (SPL)-induced cognitive impairment, we measured altered parameters for learning and memory ability, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and neuronal cell damages, in Korl:ICR stock and two commercial breeder stocks (A:ICR and B:ICR) after relevant SPL exposure. In the water maze test, Korl:ICR showed no significant difference in SPL-induced learning and memory impairment compared to the two different ICRs, although escape latency was increased after SPL exposure. Although behavioral assessment using the manual avoidance test revealed reduced latency in all ICR mice after SPL treatment as compared to Vehicle, no differences were observed between the three ICR stocks. To determine cholinergic dysfunction induction by SPL exposure, activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assessed in the three ICR stocks revealed no difference of acetylcholinesterase activity. Furthermore, low levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and high levels of inflammatory cytokines in SPL-treated group were maintained in all three ICR stocks, although some variations were observed between the SPL-treated groups. Neuronal cell damages induced by SPL showed similar response in all three ICR stocks, as assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, Nissl staining analysis and expression analyses of apoptosis-related proteins. Thus, the results of this study provide strong evidence that Korl:ICR is similar to the other two ICR. Stocks in response to learning and memory capacity.

Fine Structure of Suxtaglomerular Cells in Streptozotocin-treated Normal and Genetically Diabetic KK Mice (Streptozotocin이 정상 ICR 생쥐 및 유전성 당뇨병을 가진 KK생쥐 사구체곁세포의 미세구조에 미치는 영향)

  • 최월봉;최창도원무호김남주
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.372-382
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    • 1992
  • 당뇨병유발제인 streptozotocin이 생쥐 신장 사구체곁세포의 미세구조에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 알아보고자 일반계통인 ICR생쥐와 유전성 당뇨병계통인 KK생쥐에 streptozotocin을 투여하여 경시적으로 각 동물의 신장 사구체곁세포의 미세구조의 변화를 관찰하였다. Streptozotocin을 투여한 ICR생쥐의 사구체곁세포는 3일째부터 과립형질내세망의 미약한 팽창과 과립내에 대소 공포의 출현 및 용해소체가 간혹 관찰되었다. 그후 시간이 지남에 따라 더욱 심하여 특히 2주 및 4주에서는 과립형질내세망의 팽창, 사립체, 골지장치 및 리보소곤 등이 소수 출현하였는데 비해 대소 용해소체는 많이 관찰되었으며 심한 탈과립으로 인해 세포질내 과립의 면적이 현저히 감소되었다. 그러나 KK생쥐의 실험군에서는 전 실험군에 걸쳐 퇴행성변화가 적었으며 ICR 생쥐 실험군에 비해 그 영향이 훨씬 적었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 정상 ICR생쥐에 streptozotocin을 투여하자 되면 ICR생쥐 사구체곁세포에서 과립의 유의한 감소 및 세포내 미세구조의 퇴행성변화가 뚜렷한데 비해 KK생쥐 실험군에서는 ICR생쥐 실험군에 비해 손상을 적게 받았는데 이는 KK생쥐가 갖고 있는 당뇨병에 대한 내성에 의해 영향을 적게 미치는 것이 아닌가 추측된다.

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Mouse Strain-Dependent Osteoclastogenesis in Response to Lipopolysaccharide

  • Choi, Ho-Gil;Kim, Jin-Moon;Kim, Bong-Ju;Yoo, Yun-Jung;Cha, Jeong-Heon
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.566-571
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    • 2007
  • Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in periodontitis. Co-culture systems of mouse calvaria-derived osteoblasts and bone marrow-derived preosteoclasts were used as an in vitro osteoclast differentiation. This study revealed that co-cultures using ddY or ICR mouse strain responded differently to LPS while responded equally to $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$. Thus, the different response to LPS indicates dissimilarity of two mouse stains in their capacity for generating osteoclasts while the two mouse strains share the similarity in response to $1{\alpha},25(OH)_2D_3$. To identify which cells between osteoblasts and preosteoclasts in the co-culture are responsible for the dissimilarity, the reciprocal co-cultures were performed between ddY and ICR mouse strains. The treatment of $1,25(OH)_2D_3$ to ddY/ICR (osteoblasts from ddY/preosteoclasts from ICR) and ICR/ddY reciprocal co-cultures also showed the similarity. In case of LPS treatment, the results of ddY/ICR were similar to ddY/ddY and the results of the other reciprocal co-culture, ICR/ddY combination, were consistent with those of ICR/ICR. It suggests that the dissimilarity between the two mouse strains may resident in osteoblasts but not in preosteoclasts. Therefore, the osteoblast is responsible for mouse strain-dependent osteoclastogenesis in response to LPS. Although mouse models will continue to provide insights into molecular mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis, caution should be exercised when using different mouse strains, especially ddY and ICR strains as models for osteoclast differentiation.

Acute toxicity on Samsoeum and fermented Samsoeum in ICR mice (ICR 마우스를 이용한 삼소음 및 발효삼소음의 급성독성 연구)

  • Lee, Ju-Hye;Hwang, Youn-Hwan;Lee, Ji-Hye;Yim, Nam-Hui;Cho, Won-Kyung;Ma, Jin-Yeul
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.73-82
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    • 2011
  • Objectives : This study aims to investigate the acute oral toxicity and safety of Samsoeum (Shensuyin) extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts. Methods : For that objective, we used ICR mice. ICR mice were administerd orally with dosage of 1250mg/kg, 2500mg/kg and 5000mg/kg of Samsoeum extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts. Results : We daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings for 2 weeks. 1. The results of acute oral toxicity using ICR mice showed that LD50 of value over 5000 mg/kg. 2. Samsoeum extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts not affect on bodyweight gross findings of ICR mice. 3. The results of Serum chemistry analysis and Complete Blood Count(CBC) through the autopsy were showed normal range values. Conclusions : Samsoeum extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts did not show any toxic effects in ICR mice. And oral LD50 value was over 5000mg/kg in ICR mice and it is very safe for ICR mice.

Morphological studies on kidney in cyclophosphamide-treated NOD mice (Cyclophosphamide를 투영한 NOD 마우스의 신장에 대한 형태학적 연구)

  • Lee, Joon-sup;Seong, Je-kyung
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.653-664
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    • 1994
  • This study was carried out to investigate diabetic renal changes in cyclophosphamide(CY) treated nonobese diabetic(NOD) mice and to develop animal model of diabetic human nephropathy. The 8-week-old NOD and ICR mice were injected with cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally at 200mg/kg body weight and compared the chemical effects on these mice with the non-treated NOD and ICR mice respectively. The renal glomeruli in ICR, cyclophosphamide-treated ICR(ICR+CY), NOD and cyclophosphamide-treated NOD(NOD+CY) mice were observed by the light and electron microscopes. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Spontaneous incidences of diabetes mellitus in NOD mice were significantly promoted by dosing with cyclophosphamide. 2. Glomerulohypertrophy, proliferation of mesangium, partial thickening of glomerular basement membrane, and partial fusion of pedicels of podocyte were observed in NOD mice and NOD+CY mice. These changes were not observed in both ICR mice and ICR+CY mice. 3. The diabetic nephropathy observed in NOD+CY mice was more severe than that of non-treated NOD mice.

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Acute and Subchronic Toxicity of Gamma-Irradiated Orange (감마선 조사 오렌지의 급성 및 아만성 독성 평가)

  • Jung, Da-Woon;Huang, Yu-Hua;Choi, Geun-Pyo;Kang, Il-Jun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.44 no.9
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    • pp.1286-1294
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    • 2015
  • The acute and subchronic toxicity of 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange was evaluated in ICR mice. For acute toxicity, groups of 30 male and 30 female ICR mice were orally administered 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange (0, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg). The mortality, clinical sign, body weight changes, and necropsy findings of ICR mice were observed for 14 days. No significant changes in body weight or abnormal gross findings were observed in relation to 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters were within normal ranges. According to the results, 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange had no special toxic effects in male and female ICR mice at 2,000 mg/kg. For subchronic toxicity, groups of 36 male and 36 female ICR mice were given a diet of 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange for 13 weeks (control, non-irradiated, and irradiated imported orange). During the experimental period, mortality, clinical signs, body weight change, food consumption, organ weight, and histopathological examination did not show any changes in comparison to the control group. Several hematological and serum biochemical parameters showed statistically significant changes, but these changes were within normal range. These results indicate that 1 kGy gamma-irradiated orange did not cause any toxic effects in male and female ICR mice and therefore can be considered as safe.

Assessment of the 4-week repeated dose oral toxicity test of Smilax sieboldii extract in ICR mice (ICR 마우스에서 청가시덩굴 추출물의 4주간 반복 투여 독성시험)

  • Jung A Lee;Min-Hee Hwang;Young-Rak Cho;Eun-Kyung Ahn
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.65 no.4
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    • pp.397-403
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    • 2022
  • Smilax sieboldii is one of the Smilax species. A number of Smilax plants have long been used in traditional medicine in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Repeated dose oral toxicity test is an essential experiment for toxicity evaluation before efficacy evaluation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate toxicity and the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) using oral administration of Smilax sieboldii extract (SSE) in male and female ICR mice for 4 weeks. SSE was orally administered daily for 4 weeks at a dose of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day (MPK). There were no significant differences in mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, food intake, hematological analysis, serum clinical chemistry test and relative organ weights in all animals administrated with SSE. The results obtained in this study suggest that SSE did not show any toxic effect in ICR mice and the NOAEL of SSE was regarded as over 2000 MPK.

Effects of($\pm$)-camphor on Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Male ICR Mice (($\pm$)-Camphor가 ICR 마우스 수컷의 간 cytochrome P450 효소 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • 오은경;박형건;배기헌;최옥진;최은경;최창근;한진희;정태천
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.307-314
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    • 2002
  • Effects of ($\pm$)-camphor on liver cytochrome P450 enzymes were investigated in male ICR mice. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of ($\pm$)-camphor in corn oil for 3 consecutive days. Twenty four hr after the final treatment, the animals were subjected to necropsy. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum alanine aminotransferase were slightly changed by the treatment with ($\pm$)-camphor at the doses used. Administration of ($\pm$)-camphor to mice significantly induced the hepatic activities of pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase and benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase and weakly induced ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase in dose-dependent manners. The present results suggested that ($\pm$)-camphor might act as a relatively specific inducer of hepatic cytochrome P450 2B in male ICR mice.

Effects of Chitosan on Kidney Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

  • Sun, Kwang-Won;Kwon, Oh-Deog
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.452-457
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    • 2008
  • This study examined the effects of the daily administration of high-molecular-weight (HMW) chitosan in drinking water (0.8 %) on kidney function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ICR mice. The HMW chitosan lowered the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum and urine creatinine levels, urine protein levels, and albuminuria and reduced the kidney weight in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic ICR mice. On histopathological findings, capillary loops are open, but narrowed, and the mesangial matrix enlarged in the STZ-induced diabetic ICR mice. By contrast, the capillary loops and mesangial matrix of the chitosan-treated ICR mice were nearly normal compared with the STZ-induced diabetic ICR mice.