• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 디스플레이 광소자분야
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• pp.94-97
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• 2004

In this paper, we investigate fringe-field switching (FFS) mode cell by the ion beam (IB) alignment method on the a-C:H thin film, to analyze electro-optical characteristics in this cell. We studied on the suitable inorganic thin film for fringe-field switching (FFS) cell and the aligning capabilities of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) using the new alignment material of a-C:H thin film An excellent voltage-transmittance (V-T) and response time curve of the IB-aligned FFS-LCD was observed with oblique IB exposure on the DLC thin films. Also, AC V-T hysteresis characteristics of the IB-aligned FFS-LCD with IB exposure on the DLC thin films is almost the same as that of the rubbing-aligned FFS cell on a polyimide (PI) surface.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2008

The cDNA of the touch-induced genes (TCH) of the sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] has been cloned and analyzed. IbTCH1, which exists as at least two-copy genes in the genome of the sweet potato, encodes for 148-amino acid polypeptides, and harbors four conversed $Ca^{2+}-binding$ motif EF-hands. IbTCH1 was shown to be expressed in the flower, leaf, thick pigmented root, and particularly in the white fibrous root, but expressed only weakly in the petiole. IbTCH1 is upregulated upon exposure to environmental stresses, dehydration, and jasmonic acid. Furthermore, IbTCH1 is developmentally regulated in the leaf and root. These results strongly indicate that the gene performs functions in both plant development and in defense/stress-signaling pathways.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.198-201
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• 2008

The electro-optical (EO) characteristics of the one-side rubbing twisted nematic (TN) - liquid crystal display (LCD) on the polyimide (PI) surface with one-side ion beam (IB) irradiation were successfully studied. The good LC alignment for the one-side rubbing TN-LCD on the PI surface with one-side IB irradiation was observed. The suitable transmittance-voltage curves for the one-side rubbing TN-LCD on the PI surface with one-side IB irradiation were measured. Also, the good response time characteristics of the one-side rubbing TN-LCD on the PI surface with one-side IB irradiation were measured. The fast response time can be achieved for the one-side rubbing TN-LCD on the PI surface with one-side IB irradiation.

• Psychiatry investigation
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1181-1187
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• 2018

Objective In Korea, online board games, such as "flower cards," are played using virtual money. In contrast, Internet-based gambling (ibGambling) concerns the use of real money to gamble online. We hypothesized that online board gamers using virtual money show less risky behaviors than do gamblers who use real money, and that, in regard to psychological aspects, online board gamers are less depressed and more introverted than online gamblers are. Methods For this study, 100 online board gamers, 100 ibGamblers, 100 offline gamblers (offGamblers), and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited by an online research company. Gambling behavior and self-efficacy were assessed using the Korean Gambling Behavior Scale-high/low factors (KGBS-H/L) and the Gambling Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale (GASS). Additionally, introversion, depression, and mania tendency were assessed. Results Online board gamers had good intentions gaming, as evidenced by their higher KGBS-L scores than ibGamblers and offGamblers, and they showed less risky behaviors, as evidenced by their lower KGBS-H scores than offGamblers. Additionally, online board gamers were less introverted than ibGamblers and less depressed than offGamblers. Conclusion Online board gaming could be a gateway to the world of gambling (ibGambling or OffGambling). However, the higher tendency of online board gamers to engage in good intentioned gaming could help prevent online board gaming from progressing to online or offline gambling.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.473-478
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• 2022

Background We investigate the effect of involutional blepharoptosis (IB) surgery based on dry eye symptoms by analysis using objective and subjective measures. Methods We recorded various parameters from patients that underwent levator advancement surgery for IB, totaling 125 eyes (total 65 patients, 5 unilateral, 60 bilateral). Subjective assessment comprised a questionnaire on dry eye-related quality of life score (DEQS), a summary score calculated from DEQS, and six-grade evaluation, the patient's own measure of eye comfort. Objective assessment comprised marginal-reflex distance-1 (MRD-1), measurement of tear film breakup time, and superficial keratopathy (SPK) existence by slit lamp microscope. Results Subjective assessments showed that IB patients had improvement of dry eye symptoms and eye comfort when surgery increased MRD-1. On the other hand, objective assessments showed that the presence of SPK is suspected when the postoperative MRD-1 level is 3 mm or higher. Conclusion IB surgery must not only increase MRD-1 value, but also to perform maintenance of the appropriate ocular surface condition. From our parameters, we suggest postoperative MRD-1 value should be maintained at < 3 mm to safe and effective of IB surgery.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.355-358
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• 2016

We present the alignment characteristics of LC (liquid crystal) molecules on solution-derived HLO (hafnium lanthanum oxide) films fabricated using IB (ion-beam) irradiation. We then demonstrated that LC molecules can be homogeneously and uniformly aligned on the HLO film irradiated at an IB incident energy of 1.2 keV. Physicochemical analysis methods such as atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to verify the LC alignment mechanism on the IB-irradiated HLO film. In addition, the electro-optical performance of a TN (twisted-nematic) cell fabricated using the IB-irradiated HLO film exhibited characteristics superior to those of the conventional TN cell fabricated using a rubbed polyimide layer.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1457-1461
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• 2013

The effect of liquid crystal (LC) alignment on a homeotropic polyimide (PI) surface induced by ion beam (IB) irradiation and rubbing process was studied. LC alignment was not affected by IB irradiation with an exposure time of 10 s, and an IB irradiation with an exposure time of 60 s more effectively oriented the LCs on the PI layer than the rubbing process. It was assumed that the LC alignment depended on the C-O bonds created from the C=O bonds on the PI surface broken by IB irradiation after an exposure time of 60 s, which resulted in a strong surface energy that transformed the homeotropic LC alignment to homogeneous states.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.171-175
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• 1994

To find new crystal protein genes, we screened 42 Bacillus thuringiensis strains of serovar standards by Southern hybridization with a cryI-specific probe which was amplified from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HDl by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two strains, B. thuringiensis subsp. entomocidus HD9 and subsp. subtoxicus HD109, generated weak signals under the low-stringency hybridization conditions. Further analysis with Southern hybridization revealed that the two strains contained cryIB genes which are slightly different from those of B. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis HD2. These results were confirmed by PCR with cryIB-specific primers followed by the restriction analysis of PCR products.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1998

Serum samples collected from 30 breeders and their progeny 30 chicks. The antibodies against infectious bronchitis(IB), infectious bursal disease (IBD) and Newcastle disease(ND) viruses were detected by ELISA using commercial ELISA kit. The breeders were vaccinated against IB, IBD and ND viruses according to general vaccination program. Geometric mean titers(GMT) of ELISA were monitored from 1-day old to 17-day old chicks and compared with breeder chickens. The GMT of ELISA to IB, IBD and ND were declined half level of the breeder antibody titer at 6-, 8- and 7-day old. And, the GMT of ELISA to IB, IBD and ND were declined than that of protective titer at 6-, 1-, and 4-day old. Thereafter, the GMT of ELISA was declined and disappeared according to ages of chicks. Taken together, this study led to conclusion that time-course of maternal antibody titers of chicks from vaccinated breeders, and this is very important data for vaccination to chicks.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2007년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.194-199
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• 2007

IB (immersed boundary) method is one of the prominent tool in computational fluid dynamics for the analysis of flows over complex geometries. The IB technique simplyfies the solution procedure by eliminating the requirement of complex body fitted grids and it is also superior in terms of memory requirement. In this study we have developed numerical code (FOTRAN) for the analysis of 2D flow over a cylinder using IB technique. The code is validated by comparing the wake lengths and separation angles given by Guo et. al. We employed fractional-step procedure for solving the Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow and discrete forcing IB technique for imposing boundary conditions. Also we have developed a 3D code for the backward-facing-step flow and flow over a sphere. The reattachment length in backward-facing-step flow was compared with the one given by Nie and Armaly, which has proven the validity of our code.