• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
• /
• 1998.06a
• /
• pp.153-157
• /
• 1998

It is wisely stated that the most valuable knowledge that a person cam acquire is the knowledge of how to learn. The human's learning is characterized by the ability to extract relationships between the different characters of a given situation. The ellipse is a first approach of comparison. We assimilate each character to a half axis of the ellipse and the result is a geometrical figure that varies according to values of the two characters. Thus, we take into account the two characters as an alone entity.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.245-246
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we proposed using MFCC coefficients(Mel-Scaled Cepstral Coefficients) and a simple but efficient classifying method. Many other features: IAV, zero crossing, LPCC, $\ldot$ and their derivatives are also tested and compared with MFCC coefficients in order to find the best combination. GMM and HMM (Discrete and Continuous Hidden Markov Model), are studied as well in the hope that the use of continuous distribution and the temporal evolution of this set of features will improve the quality of emotion recognition.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.55-68
• /
• 2011

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) has identified the causes of climate change and come up with measures to address it at the global level. Its key component of the work involves developing and assessing future climate change scenarios. The IPCC Expert Meeting in September 2007 identified a new greenhouse gas concentration scenario "Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)" and established the framework and development schedules for Climate Modeling (CM), Integrated Assessment Modeling(IAM), Impact Adaptation Vulnerability(IAV) community for the fifth IPCC Assessment Reports while 130 researchers and users took part in. The CM community at the IPCC Expert Meeting in September 2008, agreed on a new set of coordinated climate model experiments, the phase five of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5), which consists of more than 30 standardized experiment protocols for the shortterm and long-term time scales, in order to enhance understanding on climate change for the IPCC AR5 and to develop climate change scenarios and to address major issues raised at the IPCC AR4. Since early 2009, fourteen countries including the Korea have been carrying out CMIP5-related projects. Withe increasing interest on climate change, in 2009 the COdinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment(CORDEX) has been launched to generate regional and local level information on climate change. The National Institute of Meteorological Research(NIMR) under the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) has contributed to the IPCC AR4 by developing climate change scenarios based on IPCC SRES using ECHO-G and embarked on crafting national scenarios for climate change as well as RCP-based global ones by engaging in international projects such as CMIP5 and CORDEX. NIMR/KMA will make a contribution to drawing the IPCC AR5 and will develop national climate change scenarios reflecting geographical factors, local climate characteristics and user needs and provide them to national IAV and IAM communites to assess future regional climate impacts and take action.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.269-281
• /
• 2023

In this study, a new triplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (tqRT-PCR) assay was developed for the rapid and differential detection of three feline viral pathogens including feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), and influenza A virus (IAV) in a single reaction. The assay specifically amplified three targeted viral genes with a detection limit of below 10 copies/reaction. The assay showed high repeatability and reproducibility, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of less than 1%. Based on the diagnostic results of the assay using 120 clinical samples obtained from cats with feline respiratory disease complex (FRDC)-suspected signs, the prevalence of FCV, FHV-1, or IAV was 43.3%, 22.5%, or 0%, respectively, indicating that the diagnostic sensitivity was comparable or superior to those of previously reported monoplex qRT-PCR/qPCR assays. The dual infection rate for FCV and FHV-1 was 8.3%. These results indicate that FCV and FHV-1 are widespread and that co-infection with FCV and FHV-1 frequently occur in the Korean cat population. The developed tqRT-PCR assay will serve as a promising tool for etiological and epidemiological studies of these three bacterial pathogens, and the prevalence data for three feline viruses obtained in this study will contribute to expanding knowledge about the epidemiology of FRDC in the current Korean cat population.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.64 no.2
• /
• pp.13.1-13.6
• /
• 2024

Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) present significant threats to both animal and human health through their potential for cross-species transmission and global spread. Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian IAVs initially emerged in East Asia between 2013 and 2014. Since then, they have spread to Europe, Africa, and America via migratory bird flyways. However, beyond viral transmission primarily facilitated by migratory birds, the potential involvement of other intermediate factors for virus transmission remains poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the role of wild rodents as intermediary hosts in the ecology of avian IAVs in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. By capturing and analyzing 189 wild rodents near poultry farms and migratory bird habitats in 2013 and 2014 and employing serological assays and virus isolation techniques, we found no evidence of IAV infection among these populations. Our results suggest that wild rodents may not significantly contribute to the transmission dynamics of IAVs within these regions.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2024

The ability of Zizyphus lotus stem powder (ZLSP) to remove Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions from an aqueous solution was evaluated. The present phenomenon of biosorption was revealed to depend on pH, biosorbent dosage, temperature, initial ionic concentration, time of contact and biosorbent's particle size. The sorption process was exothermic (∆H°<0), and showing a strong Pb(II)/Cd(II)-ZLSP affinity (∆S°>0). Gibbs free energy data (∆G°<0, and decreases as temperature increase) reveals that the process studied is characterized by its feasibility and spontaneous nature. The best fits of the equilibrium data were obtained by the Temkin model and the Langmuir model. The maximum Pb(II)/Cd(II)-ZLSP biosorption capacities were 33.02 mg/g for Pb (II) and 20.73 mg/g for Cd (II). The pseudo-second order model was the most appropriate for fitting the kinetic data. The characterization of the biochemical groups essentially involved in the sorption phenomenon was made possible by FTIR spectral analysis. The capacity of ZLSP as an effective and ecofriendly biosorbent is confirmed through this study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
• /
• v.35S no.11
• /
• pp.176-183
• /
• 1998

A new recognition technique using neural network coupled with Genetic Algorithms (GAs) was proposed. This technique concentrate on efficient Electromyography signal recognition through out improving neural network's several demerits. GAs paly a role of selecting Multilayer Perceptron's optimized initial connection weights by its typical global search. Electro Myography signal was pre-processed with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) in order to refect its time-varying property into input pattern except other features such as Zero Crossing Number(ZCN) and Integral Absolute Value (IAV). Results for 6 primitive motions show that the suggested technique has better performance in learning time and recognition rates than already established ordinary methods. Moreover, it performed stable recognition without convergence into a local minimum.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2003

We have examined the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) of Vibrio vulnificus KCTC 2959. ISRs were amplified by primers complementary to conserved regions of 16S and 23S rRNA genes. ISR amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the ISR sequences showed that V. vulnificus KCTC 2959 contains five types of polymorphic ISRs. Size of ISRs ranged from 424 to 741 bp in length and the number of tRNA genes ranged from one to four. The ISRs were designated as ISR-E $(tRNA^{Glu}),\;ISR-IA\;(tRNA^{Ile}-tRNA^{Ala})$, ISR-EKV $(tRNA^{Glu}-tRNA^{Lys}-tRNA^{Val})$, ISR-IAV $(tRNA^{Ile}-tRNA^{Ala}-tRNA^{val})$ and ISR-EKAV $(tRNA^{Glu}-tRNA^{Lys}-tRNA^{Ala}-tRNA^{Val})$ based on their tRNA genes. Multiple alignment of representative sequences from different Vibrio species revealed several domains of high sequence variability. We used the sequences of variable domains to design species-specific primer for detection PCR. Specificity of the primers was examined using genomic DNA prepared from 18 different Vibrio species. The results showed that the PCR using primers designed in this study can be used to detect V. vulnificus from other Vibrio species.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.5 no.2 s.9
• /
• pp.190-200
• /
• 2001

This paper is addressed to welding defect feature vector selection and implementation method of welding defect classifier using fuzzy techniques. We compare IAV, zero-crossing number as time domain analysis, power spectrum coefficient as frequency domain, histogram as both domain for welding defect feature selection. We choose histogram as feature vector by graph analysis and find out that maximum frequent occurrence number and section of corresponding signal scale in relative histogram show obvious difference between normal welding and voiding with penetration depth defect. We implement a fuzzy welding defect classifier using these feature vector, test it to verify its effectiveness for 695 welding data frame which consist of 4000 sampled data. As result of test, correct classification rate is 92.96%. Lab experimental results show a effectiveness of fuzzy welding defect classifier using relative histogram for practical Laser welding monitoring system in industry.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.242-254
• /
• 2018

Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that participate in the innate immunity of hosts. Humans constitutively and/or inducibly express ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-defensins, which are known for their antiviral and antibacterial activities. This review describes the application of human defensins. We discuss the extant experimental results, limited though they are, to consider the potential applicability of human defensins as antiviral agents. Given their antiviral effects, we propose that basic research be conducted on human defensins that focuses on RNA viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and dengue virus (DENV), which are considered serious human pathogens but have posed huge challenges for vaccine development for different reasons. Concerning the prophylactic and therapeutic applications of defensins, we then discuss the applicability of human defensins as antivirals that has been demonstrated in reports using animal models. Finally, we discuss the potential adjuvant-like activity of human defensins and propose an exploration of the 'defensin vaccine' concept to prime the body with a controlled supply of human defensins. In sum, we suggest a conceptual framework to achieve the practical application of human defensins to combat viral infections.