• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.385-395
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• 2020

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) can stimulate Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling pathways. In this study, DF-1 cells were treated with poly(I:C) at various concentrations and time points to examine the comparative expression patterns of innate immune response genes. The viability of DF-1 cells decreased from 77.41% to 38.68% when cells were treated different dose of poly(I:C) from 0.1 ㎍/mL to 100 ㎍/mL for 24 h respectively. The expressions of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR15, TLR21, IL1B, and IL10 were increased in dose- and time-dependent manners by poly(I:C) treatment. On the contrary, the expression patterns of interferon regulatory factors 7 (IRF7), Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (JUN), Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1 (NF-κB1), and IL8L2 were varied; IRF7 and IL8L2 were increasingly expressed whereas the expressions of JUN and NF-κB1 were decreased in a dose-dependent manner after they were early induced. In time-dependent analysis, IRF7 expression was significantly upregulated from 3 h to 24 h, whereas JUN and NF-κB1 expressions settled down from 6 h to 24 h after poly(I:C) treatment although they were induced at early time from 1 h to 3 h. Poly(I:C) treatment rapidly increased the expression of IL8L2 from 3 h to 6 h with a plateau at 6 h and then the expression of IL8L2 was dramatically decreased until 24 h after poly(I:C) treatment although the expression level was still higher than the non-treated control. These results may provide the basis for understanding host response to viral infection and its mimicry system in chickens.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2019

Methylammonium lead halide ($MAPbX_3$, X = I, Br) thin films, used as the light absorber of perovskite solar cells, were prepared using the dual feed ultrasonic spray method. Going through a deposition at a substrate temperature of below $60^{\circ}C$ and then a final heat treatment at $75^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes using dual feed ultrasonic spray method, $MAPbI_3$ single phase could be formed. Whereas undergoing a deposition at temperatures above $80^{\circ}C$, the spheroidal grains could be changed into rod-shaped fractal structures due to the decomposition of the perovskite phase. Furthermore, using the same method at a higher heat treatment temperature of $100^{\circ}C$, $MAPbI_{3-x}Br_x$ thin films could also be formed from $MAPbI_3$ and $MAPbIBr_2$ solution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.339-339
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• 1994

It has been reported that Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound In cruclferous vegetables, exerts anticarcinogenic activity In several organs In rodents. The modifying effects of I3C were therefore assessed uging a rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model. A total of 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided Into 3 groups. Animals of groups 1 and 2 were sequentially treated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 100 mg/kg b.w., i.p.), N-methylnitrosourea (NNU; 20 mg/kg b.w., 4 times for 2 weeks, i.p), and dihydroxy-di-N-propylnitrosauine (DHPN; 0.1% In d.w. for 2 weeks) for 4 weeks (DMD treatment). Animals of groups 1 and 3 were given the diet of 0.25% I3C for 20 weeks after DMD initiation and then were given basal diet for 28 weeks. All animals were sacrificed at week 24 and 52, respectively. I3C has been clearly demonstrated promoting effects on the development of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive hepatic foci at 24 weeks of the experiment. And I3C also exerted promoting potential In the hepatocellular adenoma (4/14; 29%) and the adenoma (7/14; 50%) of the thyroid gland at 52 weeks of the experiment. Therefore, I3C may promote hepatocarcinogenesis and thyroid tumorigenesis in the rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2019

Methylammonium lead triiodide ($MAPbI_3$)-based perovskite solar cells potentially have potential advantages such as high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing procedures. However, $MAPbI_3$ is structurally unstable and has low phase-change temperatures ($30^{\circ}C$ and $130^{\circ}C$); it is necessary to solve these problems. We investigated the crystal structure and phase separation using real-time temperature-change X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. $MAPbI_3$ has a tetragonal structure, and at about $35^{\circ}C$ the c-axis contracts, transforming $MAPbI_3$ into the related cubic crystal structure. In addition, at $130^{\circ}C$, phase separation occurs in which $CH_3NH_2$ and HI at the center of the unit cell of the perovskite structure are extracted by gas, leavingand only $PbI_2$ of the three-component structure, is produced as the final solid product.

• 전기의세계
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 1984

전자공업은 방위산업발달에 획기적인 역활을 담당하고 있으며, 특히 전략적 $C^{3}$I (Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence) 개념을 도입하여, 국가방위를 위한 연구가 미국의 여러 대학들과 국방성 산하 연구기관에서 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이 글에서는 $C^{3}$I 에 대한 개략적인 개념을 소개하고, 추계학적 (Stochastic) 관점에서 $C^{3}$I 가 실전을 위하여 어떻게 응용되고 있는 가를 고찰하기 위하여 최근에 발표되고 있는 비선형필터링(Nonliner Filtering), 적응형필터링(Adaptive Filtering), 최적제어 문제들을 소개하고자 한다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 1998

Inhibitory effect of indole oligomers induced from indole-3-carbinol(I3C) on the growth of breast cancer cells was studied. We gernerated the reaction mixtures (RXM) at ambient temperature by treating a stirred aqueous solution of I3C (typeically 0.25ml) at a concentration of 12 $\mu$mol/ml) with hydrochloric acid (typically 28$\mu$l of a 1 mmol/ml solution). RXM was fractionated by the column chromatography. The fractions with similar UV-pattern were further fractionated by HPLC and 3.3'-diindoylmethane (DIM) and other indole oligomers were identified. I3C, RXM, and it derived indole compounds were added to MCF-7 cells and cultured in the presence of 10-7M estradiol for 7 days. the growth-inhibitory effect of I3C and DIM on the growth of MCF-7 cell was very strong. The synthetic DIM also revealed antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cel. The fractions containing high DIM content (77%), were most effective in inhibiting MCF-7 cell growth induced by estradiol. With these results, we suggest that I3C and DIM might have anticarcinogenic effect on the breast cancer.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 1992

Buci1llr.s 11c~h~n~1rnSiSi.As 3-2MI which is responsible for the special taste of traditionalKorean soy sause produced two kinds of proteinase. The activity of the proteinasc I washigher about two fold than that of proteinase 11. The optimai, reaction pH of proteinaseI and I1 wcre found to be 7-1 1.5 and 7-9. respectively. Proteinase I1 was more stable andactive than proteinase I at pH ranges around 3 to 5. The optimal te~tlperature of proteinaseI and I1 were 502. The temperature stabilitl of proteinase I1 was Inore stable thanproteinase 1 at temperature range around 30-quot;~A. ctivities of proteinase I and I1 graduallydeclined above $30^{\circ}$C and 45C. respectively. Proteinasc 1 was more active than proteinaseI1 at salt concentration range around 25-3500. The K,,, values of casein and soy proteinfor proteinase I were 6.89 mglml and 3.98 mglml. In case of proteinase 11. they were 9.00mgiml anti 11.44 111g/ml. respectively. The activity of the crudc enzyme was increased by1 rnM Pb(CH3COO). but was decreased by 5 n1M and 10 rnM of HgS04 and ZnS04. Thetwo proteinases produced amino acids and peptides from the soybean protein. The peptideswere digested into amino acids. Both protcinases were found to be the main enzymes thatproduced amino acids which make the main taste of traditional Korean soy sauce.al Korean soy sauce.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.166-174
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• 1966

The multistep mechanism of photosensitized curing reaction cinnamoylated photosensitive polymer is proposed from the energy level diagram of cinnamic acid and sensitizer, and from the fact that excess of sensitizer brings the sensitivity to a limiting value etc. Various factors which have effects on the ability of sensitizer are also discussed. The mechanism involves following steps: activation to the first excited singlet states of cinnamoyl group(C) and sensitizer(S) by their absorption of photon, their intersystem crossing to the lowest triplet state, bimolecular internal quenching by formation of excimer of sensitizer, triplet excitation energy transfer and intermolecular addition between cinnamoyl group in ground state and that in triplet state. The rate equation derived from this mechanism is $-\frac{d[C]}{dt} = \frac{K_1[C]}{K_2 + [C]}[\frac{I^c_{abs}}{K_3 + [S]} + \frac{K_4[C]}{(K_5 + [C])(K_6 + [S])}(I^s_{abs} + \frac{K_7I^c_{abs}[S]}{K_8 + [S]})]$ where $I^c_{abs}\;and\;I^s_{abs}$: the rates of absorption of photon by cinnamoyl group and sensitizer $K_n$: Constants. It is proved with the cinnamate of poly(glyceryl phthalate)(PGC) in the absence of sensitizer using the infrared analytical method and successfully applied for the experimental data reported on the effects of the degree of cinnamoyl esterification and the concentration of sensitizer upon the sensitivity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 1992

Runaway replication plasmid pSY35AT was used for the production of $cI_{857}$ repressor protein. E, coli MC1065 having plasmid pSY35AT was shifted from $30^{\circ}C$ to $37^{\circ}C$ $cI_{857}$ repressor protein produced was purified by a modification of the purification method of wild type cI repressor. The concentration of purified $cI_{857}$ repressor protein was 0.11 mg/ml. The binding assay of $cI_{857}$ repressor and right promoter - right operater ($P_RO_R$) labeled with $^3H-CTP$ was done. Relative activity of purified cIx5, repressor was higher about 23 times than that of cell free extract. A higher value of the temperature in the binding assay led to a lower value of the binding activity.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.660-671
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• 2003

A chemical investigation of Peucedanum praeruptorum has resulted in the isolation of 3 khellactone derivatives, which have inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cell lines. The khellactone derivatives were isolated from the crude extract of the roots of Pecedanum praeruptorum by a combination of adsorption chromatography and HPLC. The structures of isolated compounds were identified as 3', 4'-diangeloyl-cis-khellactone, 3'-angeloyl-4'-senecioyl-cis-khellactone and, 3', 4'-disenecioyl-cis-khellactone by $^1$H NMR, $^{13}$ C NMR and mass spectral studies and by comparisons of spectral data with reported literatures. These khellactone derivatives can be a good candidate for new skin whitening agent due to its strong inhibitory activity and safety.