• 대한수학회보
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2018

Let (R, m) be a commutative Noetherian local ring and I be an ideal of R. In this paper it is shown that if cd(I, R) = t > 0 and the R-module $Hom_R(R/I,H^t_I(R))$ is finitely generated, then $$t={\sup}\{{\dim}{\widehat{\hat{R}_p}}/Q:p{\in}V(I{\hat{R}}),\;Q{\in}mAss{_{\widehat{\hat{R}_p}}}{\widehat{\hat{R}_p}}\;and\;p{\widehat{\hat{R}_p}}=Rad(I{\wideha{\hat{R}_p}}=Q)\}$$. Moreover, some other results concerning the cohomological dimension of ideals with respect to the rings extension $R{\subset}R[X]$ will be included.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2011

The effect of a homolactic inoculant containing a blend of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and Enterococcus faecium or, the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), alone or in combination on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in situ DM, OM and NDF degradability of barley silage was investigated. Barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) was harvested (45% DM), chopped and treated with water at 24 ml/kg forage (Control), inoculant at $1.09{\times}10^5$ cfu/g forage (I), SDS at 0.125% (wt/wt) of forage (S) or with the inoculant ($1.09{\times}10^5$ cfu/g) plus SDS (0.125% wt/wt; I+S). The treated forages were ensiled in triplicate mini silos and opened for chemical and microbiological analyses on d 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 42 and 77. Silage samples from d 77 were opened and aerobically exposed for 7 d. The in situ rumen degradability characteristics of silage DM, OM and NDF were also determined. The terminal concentration of NDF in S and I+S was lower (p<0.001) than in other treatments. Lactate concentration was higher (p<0.001) and the rate and extent of pH decline were greater (p<0.001) in I and I+S than S and Control silages. A homolactic pathway of fermentation in I and I+S was evidenced by reduced (p<0.001) water-soluble carbohydrates concentration, higher lactate (p<0.01), lower acetate (p<0.01) and lower pH values (p<0.001) than in S and Control silages. All silages remained stable over 7 d of exposure to air as indicated by lower temperatures and moulds, and by non-detectable yeast populations. The treated silages had lower DM and OM degradability than in the Control but NDF degradation characteristics of I+S were improved compared to other treatments. It is concluded that the inoculant alone improved the fermentation characteristics whereas the combination of the inoculant with SDS improved both fermentation and NDF degradability of barley silage.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome after changes in the treatment strategies for very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) in a single neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) center. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 300 VLBWI born from 1st January 2010 to 31th December 2016. We compared the outcomes including survival rate, birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), and morbidities between period I (2010-2013, P-I) and period II (2014-2016, P-II). Results: The average survival rate was not different between P-I and P-II. However, the survival rate of ${\leq}24$ weeks' GA, 25 weeks' GA, 26 weeks' GA were 57%, 69%, 93% respectively in P-II and 31%, 59%, 87% in P-I respectively. The survival rate of infants with birth weight <500 g, 500-749 g, 750-999 g were 100%, 55%, 90% respectively in P- II and 50%, 24%, 80%, respectively in P-I. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was higher in P-II than in P-I (P=0.012) and moderate-to-severe BPD was also higher in P-II (P=0.004). Incidence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with treatment, necrotizing enterocolitis (stage ${\geq}2$), and abnormal brain sonography were significantly lower in P-II (P=0.027, P=0.032, P=0.005). Incidences of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with laser treatment and early sepsis were not different. Conclusion: The survival rate and complications of VLBWI were improved in period II, especially in less than 750 g and below 26 weeks, except incidence of BPD. Changes of NICU strategies were effective to improve mortality and morbidity in VLBWI.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1999

Pseudomons sp. PY002의 exotoxin A 의 발현 양상을 관찰하기 위하여 P.aeruginosa PAO1의 anti-exotoxin A와 immunoblot hybridization을 실시한 결과 배지내에 유용 가능한 철이 고갈됨에 따라 exotoxin A의 발현양은 점차적으로 증가하는 양상을 보였으며, CAS 배지에 점적한 배양 상층액에서 siderophore의 발현양도 증가함을 보였다. P.sp.PY002 의 genomix library를 제조하여, exotoxin A를 분비하는 2개의 클론을 선별하려 pETA23과 pETA42 로 명명한 후, 반응성이 강한 Peta42를 선발하였다. pETA 42는 약 1.7kb 크기의 insert를 가지며, 양쪽 말단에 cloning site 인 pstI site 가 존재하며 2개의 NcoI, 1개의 PvuII, 1개의 SstI , 3개의 SmaI, 1개의 KpnI, 3개의 HaeII, 1개의 EcoRI site가 존재하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 1986

Breνibacterium divaricatum FERM 5948 균주로 부터 Bdi I 제한효소를 ammonium sulfate분획, DEAE-cellulose chroma tograph 그리고 heparin agarose chromatograph 방법을 거쳐 부분정제하여 그 효소적 특성을 관찰하였다. 분리한 Bdi I 제한효소는 pBR 322와 ${\lambda}$ DNA를 이용하여 인지부위를 알아본 결과 5' ATCGAT3'을 인지하는 Cia I과 isoschizomer였다. 또한 CIa I 으로 자른 ${\lambda}$ DNA가 Bdi I 으로 자른 pBR 322에 클로닝 됨으로 보아 Bdi I 제한효소는 T와 C사이를 잘라(5' AT CGAT 3') 5' pGG를 가지는 cohesive end로 만듬을 알 수 있었다. 이 효소의 최적활성온도는 $37^{\circ}C$ 였고 50 - 100 mM의 NaCl 농도에서 활성이 높았으여 150 mM이상의 농도에서는 활성이 저해되었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2001

Excision and amplification of pre-determined, large genomic segments (taken directly from the genome of a natural host, which provides an alternative to conventional cloning in foreign vectors and hosts) was explored in human cells. In this approach, we devised a procedure for excising a large segment of human genomic DNA, the iNOS gene, by using the Cre/loxP system of bacteriophage P1 and amplifying the excised circles with the EBNA-1/oriP system of the Epstein-Barr virus. Two loxP sequences, each of which serves as a recognition site for recombinase Cre, were integrated unidirectionally into the 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR regions of the iNOS gene, together with an oriP sequence for conditional replication. The traps-acting genes cre and EBNA-1, which were under the control of a tetracycline responsive $P_{hcmv^*-1}$ promoter, were also inserted into the 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR regions of the iNOS gene, respectively, by homologous recombination. The strain carrying the inserted elements was stably maintained until the excision and amplification functions were triggered by the induction of cre and EBNA-1. Upon induction by doxycycline, Cre excised the iNOS gene that was flanked by two ZoxP sites and circularized it. The circularized iNOS gene was then amplified by the EBNA-1/oriP-system. With this procedure, approximately a 45.8-kb iNOS genomic fragment of human chromosome 17 was excised and successfully amplified in human cells. Our procedure can be used effectively for the sequencing of unclonable genes, the functional analysis of unknown genes, and gene therapy.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.467-485
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• 2005

Let p and q be odd primes with p=2q+1. We study the number of solutions of congruence equations $ax^i\;+\;by^j\;{\equiv}\;c$ (mod p) and a$ax^i\;+\;by^j\;+\;dz^t\;{\equiv}\;c(modp)$

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1341-1351
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• 2021

Objective: To compare the quality of various polychromatic and monochromatic images with or without using an iterative metal artifact reduction algorithm (iMAR) obtained from a dual-energy computed tomography (CT) to evaluate total knee arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: We included 58 patients (28 male and 30 female; mean age [range], 71.4 [61-83] years) who underwent 74 knee examinations after total knee arthroplasty using dual-energy CT. CT image sets consisted of polychromatic image sets that linearly blended 80 kVp and tin-filtered 140 kVp using weighting factors of 0.4, 0, and -0.3, and monochromatic images at 130, 150, 170, and 190 keV. These image sets were obtained with and without applying iMAR, creating a total of 14 image sets. Two readers qualitatively ranked the image quality (1 [lowest quality] through 14 [highest quality]). Volumes of high- and low-density artifacts and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) between the bone and fat tissue were quantitatively measured in a subset of 25 knees unaffected by metal artifacts. Results: iMAR-applied, polychromatic images using weighting factors of -0.3 and 0.0 (P_-0.3i and P_0.0i, respectively) showed the highest image-quality rank scores (median of 14 for both by one reader and 13 and 14, respectively, by the other reader; p < 0.001). All iMAR-applied image series showed higher rank scores than the iMAR-unapplied ones. The smallest volumes of low-density artifacts were found in P_-0.3i, P_0.0i, and iMAR-applied monochromatic images at 130 keV. The smallest volumes of high-density artifacts were noted in P_-0.3i. The CNRs were best in polychromatic images using a weighting factor of 0.4 with or without iMAR application, followed by polychromatic images using a weighting factor of 0.0 with or without iMAR application. Conclusion: Polychromatic images combined with iMAR application, P_-0.3i and P_0.0i, provided better image qualities and substantial metal artifact reduction compared with other image sets.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.419-425
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• 1996

Let ${X, X_n, n \geq 1}$ be a sequence of independent and identically distributed(i.i.d) random variables with EX = 0 and $E$\mid$X$\mid$^p < \infty$ for some $p \geq 1$. Let ${a_{ni}, 1 \leq i \leq n, n \geq 1}$ be a triangular arrary of constants. The almost sure(a.s) convergence of weighted sums $\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{ni}X_i$ can be founded in Choi and Sung[1], Chow[2], Chow and Lai[3], Li et al. [4], Stout[6], Sung[8], Teicher[9], and Thrum[10].

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2011

Let D be an integral domain, Spec(D) the set of prime ideals of D, and X a subspace of the Zariski topology on Spec(D). We show that X is compact if and only if given any ideal I of D with $I{\nsubseteq}P$ for all $P{\in}X$, there exists a finitely generated idea $J{\subseteq}I$ such that $J{\nsubseteq}P$ for all $P{\in}X$. We also prove that if D = ${\cap}_{P{\in}X}D_P$ and if * is the star-operation on D induced by X, then X is compact if and only if * $_f$-Max(D) ${\subseteq}$X. As a corollary, we have that t-Max(D) is compact and that ${\mathcal{P}}$(D) = {P${\in}$ Spec(D)$|$P is minimal over (a : b) for some a, b${\in}$D} is compact if and only if t-Max(D) ${\subseteq}\;{\mathcal{P}}$(D).