• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2009

Purpose: The study was to assess I-123-N-(3-iodopropen-2-yl)-2[beta]-carbomethoxy-3[beta]-(4-cholorophenyl) tropane(IPT) SPECT in differential diagnosis among early stage of Parkinson's disease(PD) and essential tremor(ET) and normal control(NL) groups quantitatively. Materials and Methods: I-123 IPT brain SPECT of 50 NL, 20 early PD, 30 advanced PD, and 20 ET were performed at 20 minutes and 2 hours. Specific/nonspecific binding of striatum was calculated by using right and left striatal specific to occipital non-specific uptake ratio(striatum-OCC/OCC). Results: Mean value of specific/nonspecific binding ratio was significantly different between advanced PD group and NL group. However, significant overlap of striatal specific/nonspecific binding ratio was observed between PD group and ET group. Bilateral striatal specific/nonspecific binding ratios were decreased in advanced PD. Lateralized differences in the striatal uptake of I-123 IPT correlated with asymmetry in clinical findings in PD group. Conclusion: I-123 IPT SPECT may be a useful method for the diagnosis of PD and objective evaluation of progress of clinical stages. Care should be made in the differential diagnosis of early stage of PD and other motor disturbances mimicking PD such as ET in view of significant overlap in striatal I-123 specific/nonspecific binding ratio.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07b
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• pp.702-704
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• 1997

In this paper, we applied self-tuning controller with I-PD type to process with time delay's. Process parameters are estimated by the recursive least squares algorithm, and optimal gains are obtained. This paper shows self-tuning controller with I-PD type performs better than that of general PID type for the nonlinear system with sudden change of set-points.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.188-192
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• 1985

Protopanaxadiol (PD) fraction and protopanaxatriol (PT) fraction were separated from thebutanol fraction of panax ginseng roots. Each group of mice was injected with morphine hydrochloride (40 mg/kg s.c.) three times at 8 hr intervals for a period of 6 days. PD fraction and PT fraction were injected (25, 100 mg/kg i.p.) to mice 1 hr prior to the third morphine injection daily. Inhibition of morphine tolerance was evidenced by the increase in analgesic response to morphine hydrochloride (10mg/ kg i.p.) as estimated by the tail flick method. Inhibition of morphine tolerance by PT fraction was effective but there was no remarkable difference in inhibition of tolerance development between control group andPD fraction group.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.417-432
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• 2001

The pcf metal primers on the bond strength and durability of 4-META/MMA-TBB resins adhered to an Au-Ag-Pd alloy. For this study, the specimens were divided into 8 groups as follows: Thermocyle 0 : (1) control group : sandblast, (2) Group I : sandblast + Cesead Opaque Primer; (3) Group II : sandblast + Metal Primer; (4) Group III : sandblast + V-Primer; Thermocyle 10,000 (5) control sandblast: (6) Group I : sandblast + Cesead Opaque Primer: (7) Group II : sandblast + Metal Primer; (8) Group III sandblast + V-Primer. The shear bond strength was determined using an Instron were observed with the use of scanning electron microscope. Finally, the strengths of bonded joints were evaluated with regard to their adherence energy using a wedge test. The results obtained were as follows ; (1) The shear bond strength of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin to the Au-Ag-Pd alloy was significantly improved in all the groups treated with the primers (p<0.05). (2) Regardless of the adhesive primers used, a significant difference was observed in the bond strength of the thermocycle 0 groups and 10,000 groups (p<0.05). (3) Both before and after thermocycling, the strongest bond strength between the resin an the alloy was obtained after treatment with a metal primer containing MEPS (p<0.05). (4) In the wedge test, the adherence energies of the control group and Group III decreased more rapidly than those of Group I and II during the 2nd day of storage in water.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.276-284
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess whether chemical cleansing using a sulfonic/sulfuric acid gel solution (HBX) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) resulted in a decrease in residual plaque and calculus in deep periodontal pockets compared to SRP alone. Methods: Fifty-six patients with 56 hopeless posterior teeth, scheduled for extraction due to severe periodontitis, were enrolled in this study. Each tooth was randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 experimental procedures. The test teeth were subjected to the irrigation of the subgingival area with HBX for 2 minutes, followed by SRP with hand and ultrasonic instruments for 14 minutes, and then extracted. The control teeth received only mechanical instrumentation before extraction. Residual biofilm was evaluated on photographs and measured as total area and percentage of root surface covered by remaining plaque (RP) or calculus (RC) after treatment. Results: The initial pocket depth (PD) and total subgingival root surface area were similar between the 2 treatment groups. After treatment, the total subgingival root area covered by RP and RC was statistically significantly larger (P<0.001) in the control group than in the test group. The test teeth showed a lower percentage of RP, but a higher percentage of RC than the control teeth (both P<0.001). Complete calculus removal was achieved in 42% of the control teeth surfaces and in 25% of the test teeth surfaces for a PD of 4 mm. Conclusions: The additional chemical cleansing with HBX resulted in a statistically significant improvement in bacterial plaque removal during SRP of deep pockets, but it was not effective in reducing calculus deposits.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 1997

TLD and film badges have been traditionally used as formal dosimeters in personal monitoring and are still most widely used. Recently, electronic personal dosimeters based upon Si diode or miniature G-M tube were developed and are getting attractions due to their merits of active nature ; indication of dose rates and the commutative dose, and facilitation of record keeping and radiological control. Response characteristics of the electronic dosimeters including reproducibility, accuracy, linearity, energy and angular dependencies, detection threshold, and response time were examined for three commercial types ; EPD2, STEPHEN6000, and PD-3i. The results were compared with the relevant requirements of IEC standards and Ontario Hydro standards to conclude that their general performances were good. Some specific deficiencies, e.g. incapability of shallow dose measurement of STEPHEN6000, and PD-3i, however, should be corrected to be used as a formal dosimeter.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.2116-2119
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• 2005

Inverted pendulum is a classical example and a famous tool for testing the effectiveness of many control schemes. Owing to their nonlinearity and unstable characteristic, a controller development either for swinging-up or stabilizing its upright position had been a great interest of many researchers. In this paper, the swinging-up control of the inverted pendulum using energy control will be presented. However, the saturation function in its control law could harm the experimental equipments. In addition, this swinging-up method did not consider limited sector of the arm angle to avoid another hazard, for instance, the twisted cable in the apparatus. Therefore, in this paper the position control of the arm angle using simple PD control in accordance with the energy control is proposed. Consequently, the limited arm sector angle can be achieved and the saturation function can also be replaced effectively by the PD control.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.193-196
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• 2000

ln this paper, we consider to apply of 2-DOF (Degree of Freedom) PID controller at D.C servo motor system. Many control system use I-PD, PIB control system. but the position control system have difficulty in controling variable load and changing parameter We propose neural network 2-DOF PID control system having feature for removal disturbrances and tracking function in the target value point.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.837-844
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• 2017

The weir to regulate water level in a tide generation tank is above and below carried by two electric cylinders which are mounted on right and left of weir itself. In this case, a movement difference between right and left cylinder causes unbalance of weir and friction between weir and guide. And then, the weir will not be sent to target point. In this study, a synchronous control system is developed to take accurate and quick equilibrium of the weir. The control system based on cross coupled structure consists of two I-PD controllers and a lead compensator. Each of the I-PD controllers is designed in order that the electric cylinder may exactly follow the reference signal without overshoot and input saturation. And the lead compensator is designed to achieve stable and accurate synchronization. Finally, the simulation result shows that the designed synchronous control system is effective for elimination of synchronous error.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.401-411
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• 2003

Important results about two-degree-of-freedom PID controllers are surveyed for the tutorial purpose, including equivalent transformations, various explanations about the effect of the two-degree-of-freedom structure, relation to the preceded-derivative PID and the I-PD controllers, and an optimal tuning method.