• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2014

Background: Autophagy is a self-eating process that is important for balancing sources of energy at critical times in development and in response stress. Autophagy also plays a protective role in removing clearing damaged intracellular organelles and aggregated proteins as well as eliminating intracellular pathogens. The purpose of the present study was to examine the protective effect of propofol against hypoxic damage using keratinocytes. Methods: Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Propofol which were made by dissolving them in DMSO were kept frozen at $-4^{\circ}C$ until use. The stock was diluted to their concentration with DMEM when needed. Prior to propofol treatment cells were grown to about 80% confluence and then exposed to propofol at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, $100{\mu}M$) for 2 h pretreatment. Cell viability was measured using a quantitative colorimetric assay with thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay), and fluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis were used for evaluation of autophagy processes. Results: The viability of propofol-treated HaCaT cells was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Propofol did not show any significant toxic effect on the HaCaT cells. The autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, reduced cell viability of hypoxia-injured HaCat cells. Fluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis showed propofol induce autophagy pathway signals. Conclusions: Propofol enhanced viability of hypoxia-injured HaCaT cells and we suggest propofol has cellular protective effects by autophagy signal pathway activation.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2007

중성자선은 고 LET (linear energy transfer) 방사선으로 X선이나 감마선 등의 저 LET 방사선보다 세포에 더욱 큰 손상을 입힌다. 중성자에 의한 손상은 일반적으로 세포에 있어서 치명적이며, 중성자선은 X선이나 감마선에 비하여 직접작용을 통하여 세포사를 일으키는 경향이 있다. 본 연구에서는 고속중성자선의 성장지연비 및 산소증강비를 동물실험을 통하여 측정하고자 하였다. BALB-c 마우스의 우측 하지에 EMT-6 세포주를 이식한 후 종양의 평균용적이 $200-300mm^3$가 되었을 때 X선 및 고속중성자선을 조사하였다. 정상산소환경 및 저산소환경의 종양에 대하여 X선은 0, 11, 15.4 Gy를 조사하였고 고속중성자선은 0, 5, 7, Gy를 조사하였다. 방사선조사 후에는 종양의 용적을 주 3회 측정하였다. 정상산소환경 실험군의 경우 저산소환경 실험군에 비하여 X선 11 Gy를 조사하였을 때 성장지연비가 1.34였고, 15.4 Gy를 조사하였을 때 1.33였다. 고속중성자선을 조사한 경우정상산소환경 실험군이 저산소환경 실험군에 비하여 고속중성자선 5 Gy를 조사하였을 때 성장지연비는 0.94였고, 고속중성자선 7 Gy를 조사하였을 때 0.98였다. 고속중성자선의 산소증강비는 0.97이었다. 고속중성자선은 X선에 비하여 저산소환경에 있는 종양의 성장억제에 있어서 보다 효과적이었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.1102-1111
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• 2008

목 적: Resveratrol은 주로 포도나무의 과실이나 잎 부위에서 추출되는 성분으로, 주로 심질환에서 암 예방 효과, 항염증 효과, 항산화 효과의 기능이 밝혀지고 있다. 최근 성인에 대한 신경보호 효과가 있는 것으로 알려졌지만. 신생아에서 연구는 아직까지 없다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 resveratrol이 신생 백서의 저 산소 허혈 뇌손상에서 신경보호 효과가 있는지를 알아보고자 실험하였다. 방 법: 재태기간 18일된 태아 백서의 대뇌피질 세포를 배양하여 1% $O_2$ 배양기에서 저 산소 상태로 뇌세포손상을 유도하여 저 산소군, 저 산소 30분 전 resveratrol 투여군 (1, 10, $30{\mu}g/mL$)으로 나누어 정상 산소군과 비교하였다. 또한, 동물 모델에서는 생후 7일된 백서의 좌측 총 경동맥을 결찰한 후 저 산소 (8% $O_2$) 상태로 2.5시간 노출시켜서 저 산소 허혈 뇌 손상을 유발하였고, 뇌손상 전후 30분에 resveratrol을 체중 kg당 30 mg을 복막내로 투여하였다. 세포사멸사의 관련을 알아보기 위해 Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 primer를 이용한 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응과 동일 항체를 이용한 Western blotting을 시행하였다. 결 과: 태아 백서 뇌세포 배양 실험에서 저 산소군의 경우 Bcl-2의 발현이 정상 산소군에 비해 감소하였고, Bax의 발현과 caspase-3의 발현, 그리고 Bax/Bcl-2의 비율은 증가하였다. Reaveratrol을 투여한 실험군의 경우에서는 Bcl-2 발현은 증가하였고, Bax의 발현과 caspase-3의 발현, Bax/Bcl-2의 비율은 저 산소군에 비하여 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 또한 이는 저 산소 허혈 뇌손상 동물 모델에서도 같은 결과를 보였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 resveratrol은 주산기 저 산소 허혈 뇌손상에서 세포사멸사 작용의 억제를 통하여 신경보호 역할을 하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2015

To examine the photosensitized biomolecules damaging activity, dimethoxyP(V)tetrakis(2-naphthyl)porphyrin (NP) and dimethoxyP(V)tetraphenylporphyrin (PP) were synthesized. The naphthyl moiety of NP hardly deactivated the photoexcited P(V)porphyrin ring in ethanol. In aqueous solution, the naphthyl moiety showed the quenching effect on the photoexcited porphyrin ring, possibly through electron transfer and self-quenching by a molecular association. Binding interaction between human serum albumin (HSA), a water soluble protein, and these porphyrins could be confirmed by the absorption spectral change. The apparent association constant of NP was larger than that of PP. It is explained by that more hydrophobic NP can easily bind into the hydrophobic pockets of HSA. The photoexcited PP effectively induced damage of the tryptophan residue of HSA, through electron transfer-mediated oxidation and singlet oxygen generation. NP also induced HSA damage during photo-irradiation and the contributions of the electron transfer and singlet oxygen mechanisms were speculated. The electron transfer-mediated mechanism to the photosensitized protein damage should be advantageous for photodynamic therapy in hypoxic condition. The quantum yield of the HSA photodamage by PP was significantly larger than that of NP. The quenching effect of the naphthyl moiety is considered to suppress the photosensitized protein damage. In conclusion, the naphthalene substitution to the P(V)porphyrins can enhance the binding interaction with hydrophobic biomacromolecules such as protein, however, this substitution may reduce the photodynamic effect of P(V)porphyrin ring in aqueous media.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.138-153
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• 2015

국내 문화재 생물피해 방제는 일반적으로 농약에서 유래한 화학적 약제를 사용한 충해 방제법이 적용되어 왔다. 그러나 인체와 환경에 대한 유해성 문제로 인해 Methyl oxide의 사용이 금지되는 등 화학적 약제의 사용이 점차 지양되고 있다. 이에 새로운 대체 약제의 탐색과 온도(고온 저온)처리, 저산소 처리, 이산화탄소 처리, 방사선 처리 등의 물리적 처리법에 대한 관심과 연구가 지속되었으나 현재까지 현실적인 평가 기준과 적용 방안이 정립되지 않은 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 1980년대 이후 국내 문화재 생물피해 방제법의 연혁과 현황을 정리하고 그간의 연구를 통한 대체약제 및 기술의 특징과 한계를 검토하여, 국내 문화재 생물피해 방제의 현황과 나아갈 방향을 고찰하였다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2020

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is considered an emerging adjunct therapy for profound hemorrhagic shock, as it can maintain temporary stability until definitive repair of the injury. However, there is limited information about the use of this procedure in children. Herein, we report a case of REBOA in a pediatric patient with blunt trauma, wherein the preoperative deployment of REBOA played a pivotal role in damage control resuscitation. A 7-year-old male patient experienced cardiac arrest after a motor vehicle accident. After 30 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, spontaneous circulation was achieved. The patient was diagnosed with massive hemoperitoneum. REBOA was then performed under ongoing resuscitative measures. An intra-aortic balloon catheter was deployed above the supraceliac aorta, which helped achieved permissive hypotension while the patient was undergoing surgery. After successful bleeding control with small bowel resection for mesenteric avulsion, thorough radiologic evaluations revealed hypoxic brain injury. The patient died from deterioration of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Although the patient did not survive, a postoperative computed tomography scan revealed neither remaining intraperitoneal injury nor peripheral ischemia correlated with the insertion of a 7-Fr sheath. Hence, REBOA can be a successful bridge therapy, and this result may facilitate the further usage of REBOA to save pediatric patients with non-compressible torso hemorrhage.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2013

Objective: To determine the efficacy and reliability of measuring direct current microcurrent applied through the skin to determine injury in the underlying tissues. Design: Case control study. Methods: First, microcurrent was measured as decreased blood flow induced hypoxia in healthy subjects. Next, reliability was assessed by measuring over ten days with set variations in pressure and distance between the electrodes. Finally, measurements over sprained ankle were compared to measurements over comparable uninjured areas on the same injured subject. Results: For the blood flow test phase, microcurrent significantly decreased an average of 17% after 5 minutes (p<0.05), remained decreased for 30 seconds, and returned to non-occlusive levels after 2 minutes of normal circulation. The results indicate that the microcurrent decrease was not due to blood flow, and most likely from hypoxic cellular damage. For the reliability phase, the coefficients of variation averaged 10.3% for the shoulder, 14.8% for the low back, and 29.1% for the knee. Changing distance 2.5 cm between the electrodes resulted in insignificant changes. Changes in pressure had some significant effect after an increase in force of 2.6 N, affirming the need for consistent pressure for measurement. For the injury test phase, a significant 69% decrease occurred comparing injured areas to the same area on the uninjured side, and a significant 74% occurred comparing injured and non-injured areas on the same limb. Conclusions: Microcurrent through the skin shows promise as an objective method of assessing a soft tissue injury by detecting damage likely due to hypoxia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.861-869
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• 1991

From August, 1986 to December, 1989, mitral valve replacement was performed in 93 patients. Of the valve implanted, 42 were Duromedics, 35 St. Jude Medical, 15 Carpenter-Edwards and 1 Ionescu-Shiley. The hospital mortality rate was 3.2%[3 patients] and the late mortality rate was 4.3% [4 patients]. The causes of hospital death were LV rupture in 1, renal failure in 1 and hypoxic brain damage in l. The causes of late death were congestive heart failure in 1 and sudden death in 3. Follow-up was done on 78 surviving patients; mean follow-up period was 29.22$\pm$9.09 months. The actual survival rate was 91.8% at 4 years. We concluded, therefore, that good clinical results could be achieved with mitral valve replacement in short-term follow-up, and long-term follow-up is also necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2167-2175
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• 2015

Autophagy is a self-digestion process, wrapping cytoplasmic proteins or organelles to form vesicles for degradation in lysosomes. The process plays an important role in the maintenance of intracellular homostasis. Here we overview articles on autophagy and cancer/tumors in Pubmed and found 327 articles. Autophagy exists in many tumors and is involved in cell malignant transformation and tumor cell growth. In early phases of tumorigenesis, autophagy clears the abnormally folded proteins and dysfunctional organelles such as mitochondria. Autophagy can also inhibit cell stress responses and prevent genetic damage. When a tumor develops, autophagy helps tumor cells survive nutritional deficiencies and hypoxic conditions. Studies of autophagy in the occurrence and progression of tumors should provide new therapeutic strategies for tumors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1160-1166
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• 1995

From 1980 through 1993, sixty one patients having traumatic flail chest were analysised retrospectively at the Department of Thoracic and Cardivascular Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital. There were 47 men and 14 women, mean age, 49.3 years, age range 4 to 82 years. The most common mode of trauma was automobile accident, common combined other organ injuries were skeletal injury [ 36 patients and neurologic injury [ 20 patients . In the mode of treatment, ventilator therapy was done in 34 cases and operative stabilization was done in 18 cases [ Kirschner or steel wire: 9 cases, Judet`s strut: 9 cases . Sixteen patients died [26 % . The main factors associated with fatal outcome were shock [ p < 0.002 , head injury [ p < 0.005 , and more than 50 years of age [ p < 0.05 . In fatal cases, 14 patients died during in ventilator therapy [ 14/34, 41 % and 2 patients died following operative stabilization of chest wall [ 2/18, 11 % .The overall cause of death was septicemia, ARDS, ARF, hypovolemic shock and hypoxic brain damage.