• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.420-430
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• 2005

The water extract of Omijatang(OMJT) has been traditionally used for treatment of abscess and heart palpitation in oriental medicine, However, little is known about the mechanism by which the water extract of OMJT rescues cells from these damages. This study was designed to investigate the protective mechanisms of OMJT in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts on oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity including $H_2O_2,\;ZnCl_2$, hypoxia, and reoxygenation. Oxidative stress markedly decreased the viability of H9c2 cells. This was characterized with apparent apoptotic features such as chromatin condensation as well as fragmentation of genomic DNA and nuclei. However, OMJT significantly reduced $H_2O_2$-induced cell death and apoptotic characteristics as well as $ZnCl_2$, hypoxialreoxygenation. Taken together, this study suggests that the water extract of OMJT has the protective effects against oxidative injuries.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.454-465
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• 1989

In a small island community with a population of less than 100 residents, nine persons died and five experienced severe illnesses during the period from November 1986 to May 1988. Their initial symptoms were sore throat and fever. Renal failure and hepatitis developed within one week after the onset. Oral mucosal ulcer developed in some cases. After one week, progressive respiratory failure and dyspnea developed evidently and severe respiratory distress and hypoxia preceded those fatal cases. Chest X-ray findings revealed bilateral diffuse multiple cystic lesion with occasional multiple large emphysematous bullae. Based on these features paraquat poisoning was diagnosed and route of poisoning was investigated. In three sources of drinking water, trace amount of paraquat was detected in November 1988, six months after the incidence of recent fatal case. In November 1988, soybean sauces and soybean pastes from 12 households were found contaminated with high concentration of paraquat, the cause could not be identified. The possibility of the contamination of drinking water as the cause of this mass poisoning has been suggested.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.13-27
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• 2022

The Yeongsan River estuary was altered by a sea dike built in 1981 and the sluice gates in the dike were extended recently in 2014. The construction has caused changes in water properties and hydrodynamics and also produced disturbances including hypoxia and algal blooms. We analyzed the water quality and chlorophyll-a data (2009-2018) collected seasonally at 3 stations (Sts. 1-3) along the channel of the estuary by the Marine Environmental Monitoring System. Variations in water quality and chlorophyll-a (an index of phytoplankton biomass) were examined and their stressors were also identified by statistics including correlation and multivariate principal component analyses (PCA). The water quality was mainly affected by freshwater discharge from the dike. Salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll-a were especially affected by the discharge and the effect enhanced during summer and at the upper region near the sea dike decreasing downstream. Three factors were extracted for each station in the PCA accounting for 66.07-72.42% of the variations. The first was an external factor associated with freshwater discharge and the second and third were seasonal or biological factors. The results indicate that the water quality is more affected by short-termed and episodic events such as freshwater discharge than seasonal events and the influence of freshwater discharge on water quality is more extensive than that previously reported. This suggests that the boundary of the estuary should be extended to take into account the findings of this study and a management strategy linked to the freshwater zone is required to manage the integrity and water quality of the Yeongsan River estuary.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.475-484
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• 2008

The word 'Saemangeum' indicates an estuarine tidal flat in the southwestern part of the Korean peninsula. The Saemangeum Reclamation Project was launched as a national project in 1991 to reclaim a large coastal area of $401\;km^2$ by constructing a 33-km long dyke. The final dyke enclosure in April 2006 has transformed the tidal flat into lake and land. An integrated oceanographic study has been conducted since 2002 as a part of the Government Action Plan to monitor and assess changes in the marine environment. Prior to the dyke enclosure, the coastal environment in the Saemangeum was a complex system governed by tidal motion, estuarine processes, and coastal circulation of the Yellow Sea. The dyke construction has radically changed not only the estuarine tidal system inside the dyke, but also the coastal marine environment outside the dyke. Post to the dyke enclosure, subsequent changes such as red tide, hypoxia, and coastal erosion/deposition occur successively. Red tides appear almost the year round in the inner area. Even under the condition that the sluice gates are fully open, the water quality does not improve as much as the developers would expect, mainly due to the critical reduction of the hydrodynamic stirring power. We will introduce details of our monitoring program and significant changes in the Saemangeum marine environment, based on observations and model results.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.81-84
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• 2004

It is well known that malignant tumor have hypoxic cell fraction, which is radio resistant and is one of the most important cause of local recurrence after radiotherapy. One of the causes of hypoxia in tumor is blood flow decrease due to increase in blood flow resistance and one of the causes of increased blood flow resistance could be attributed to the increase in blood viscosity. For the evaluation of the change of blood viscosity in oral cancer, experiments were carried out to test the change of blood viscosity among the normal control and xenografted oral cancer nude mice. Relative viscosity measured against distilled water was $3.30{\pm}0.14$ for normal control, and $3.67{\pm}0.62$ for tumor bearing mice at the first time of blood sampling in experimental period ($100mm^3$ $200mm^3$). There was no statistically significant difference between the control group and experimental group (p>0.05). However, as the tumor grew, significant difference of blood viscosity was detected at the third time of blood sampling (control group:$3.37{\pm}0.59$, and experimental group: $4.31{\pm}0.41\;300mm^3$

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 산소 민감 발광 염료를 이용하여 마이크로 채널 내에서 세포가 배양되고 있을 때 산소농도를 측정하였다. 현재까지 알려진 여러 산소 민감 발광 염료 중 본 논문에서는 물에 잘 녹으며 장 시간 동안 사용하여도 독성이 없는 것으로 알려진 $[Ru(bpy)_3]^{2+}$를 사용하였으며 이와 더불어 산소 민감 염료 측정법의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 칼세인 염료를 이용하여 두 염료의 밝기 비율을 구하여 농도를 측정하였다. SCOMS 카메라와 마이크로 채널을 이용하여 캘리브레이션을 실시하고 농도와 밝기와의 관계를 구하였으며 이 관계를 이용하여 세포가 배양되는 조건에서의 배양액의 산소농도를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 채널입구에서 점점 멀어질수록 마이크로 채널 내에서 산소농도는 점점 낮아진다는 것을 관찰 할 수 있었다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2016

해수 내 용존 암모늄이온의 농도 자료가 해양환경의 지표로서 가치가 있는지 평가하였다. 먼저 암모니아의 화학적인 특성을 정리하였고, 본론에서 해양환경의 대표성을 띠는 일반해역(원양, 연안, 자연하구역)과 집중비교해역(골재채취해역, 하구역)에서 암모늄 자료의 가치를 비교하였다. 암모늄은 일반해역에서 전반적으로 DO와 음의 상관관계를 갖고, COD와 양의 상관관계를 보임으로써 수질지표로서 광범위한 적용 가능성을 보였다. 특히 DO 또는 COD가 유사한 농도를 나타내는 해양환경조건의 경우, 보다 상세한 해석이 불가능하였으나 ODIN 비율 (산화성용존무기질소: ODIN/TDIN ratio) 혹은 RDIN 비율 (환원성용존무기질소: RDIN/TDIN ratio)를 적용하면, 비교대상 해역의 산화 및 환원 조건에 대한 보다 향상된 정보를 얻을 수 있었다. 집중비교해역에서는 저층퇴적물의 확산, 식물플랑크톤의 단기변화 등 주로 단주기 환경변화와 관련하여 암모늄의 지표로서 잠재력을 확인하였다. 암모늄은 기존의 몇 가지 단점을 보완한다면 해양환경에서 단주기로 변화하는 해양한경을 이해하는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2004

Malignant tumor have hypoxic cell fraction, which makes radio-resistant and hypoxia in tumor is a result from the blood flow decrease caused by increase in blood flow resistance. Blood viscosity increase is major factor of increased blood flow resistance and it could be attributed to the decrease in blood deformability index. For the evaluation of the change of blood viscosity and blood deformability in oral squamous cell carcinoma, we perform the test of the change of those factors between the normal control group and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell patient group. Relative viscosity measured against distilled water was $5.25{\pm}0.14$ for normal control group, and $5.78{\pm}0.26$ for the SCC patient group and there was statistical significance between the groups. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in blood viscosity between the groups by tumor size (T1+T2 vs T3+T4). Also, there was no significant difference between the normal control group and SCC patient group in blood deformability index and between the groups by tumor size (T1+T2 vs T3+T4). Increase in blood viscosity was confirmed with this study and it can be postulated that modification blood viscosity might contribute to decrease of hypoxia fraction in oral squamous cell carcinoma, thus improve the effect of radiotherapy and it can be assumed that the main factor of blood viscosity increase is not decrease of blood deformability in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

Objectives : Decrease in muscle mass and loss of muscle function due to aging are associated with various diseases. As interest in healthy aging increases, efforts to prevent and treat muscle hypoxia as an illness are increasing. Considering the physical limitations, a pharmacologic approach to the treatment of myopenia is needed. Methods : Terminalia chebula Rets has a wide range of pharmacological effects and is used as a medicinal product in traditional medicine. However, the drug effect on the treatment of muscle disorders has not been revealed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of water extract of Terminalia chebula (WETC) as a therapeutic agent to relieve symptoms of muscle hypoxia. Results : WETC showed strong radical scavenging ability. In addition, WETC increased cell activity of myoblast, and we observed that WETC induces myoblast differentiation by immunoblot analysis using differentiation protein markers as well as cell morphology of myoblast. Based on these results, we examined the effect of chebulic acid, chebulagic acid, gallic acid, geraniin, and punicalagin on cell activity and differentiation of myoblasts. Gallic acid significantly increased cell activity of myoblast, and it was found to be an effective substance which not only induces myoblast differentiation but also promotes proliferation. Conclusions : We suggest that the WETC with antioxidant effect and its indicator gallic acid on cell activity, proliferation and differentiation of myoblast can be studied and developed as a food and medicine for prevention and treatment of various muscle diseases.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.343-352
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• 1998

영산강 하구역의 40개 정점에서 여름철 저층빈산소수괴의 형성과 저서동물 군집과의 관계를 조사하였다. 하구역에는 1995년 8월에 광범위한 해역에 걸쳐 저층 용존산소량이 $2.0 mg/\ell$이하인 빈산소수괴가 형성되었으며. 조사해역에서 여름철에 출현한 저서동물은 총 141종으로서 1,923개체/$m^2$ 및 $19.44/m^2$ 였다. 출현종수는 저층용존산소량의 증가와 함께 증가하는 뚜렷한 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며. 밀도 및 생물량은 저층용존산소량이 $2.0 mg/\ell$ 범위까지 양의 상관관계가 뚜렷하여 저층빈산소 형성이 저서동물의 공간분포에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 각 정점별 출현개체수 자료를 사용하여 집괴분석한 결과 3개의 정점군으로 구분되었는데, 이는 저층환경요인으로 구분된 정점군과 잘 일치하였다. 여름철 빈산소 수괴가 형성되는 정점군 I은 영산강 하구역에서부터 목포항까지의 해역으로서 이매패류인 Theora fragilis가 측우점하였으며, 다모류의 Tharyx sp. 및 Lumbrineris longifolia도 우점적으로 출현하였다. 정점군 II는 목포항근처에서부터 달리도 인근까지의 해역으로서 정점군 I과 정점군 III사이에 위치한 정점군이다 이 정점군에서는 이매패류인 Theora fragilis, Raetellops pulchella와 다모류인 Tharyx sp.가 우점적으로 출현하였으나 정점군 I에 비해 밀도는 상대적으로 낮았다. 한편 정점군 III은 가장 외해역에 위치하고 있는 해역으로서 다모류인 Poecilochaetus johnsoni와 이매패류인 Yoldia Johanni가 우점적으로 출현하였다. 영산강 하구역의 빈산소 수괴 형성은 저서동물이 완전히 폐사할 정도로 심각하지는 않지만, 여름철의 저서동물 분포에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며. 매년여름철에 주기적으로 발생할 가능성이 높다. 또한 본 해역의 특성상 여름철 빈산소 수괴의 형성 범위가 확대될 가능성이 높기 때문에 형성시기, 기간 및 범위 그리고 여기에 대한 저서동물의 반응 등에 대한 보다 면밀한 조사가 필요하다고 판단된다.