• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.257-262
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of hypoglycemic yogurt as a clinical test with person both who have diabetes and who don't have diabetes. Diabetes is a disease caused by unused and accumulated glucoses produced via the foods digestion due to the lack of insulin or lower tissue reaction to insulin. Patients with diabetes or complications of diabetes are on the rise annually. For the therapy and prevention of diabetes, a yogurt made from functional materials such as insulin-resistant FK-23 lactic acid bacteria, Pinitol, edible fiber which delays glucose-absorption, extract powder of glucose-absorption-inhibitory white bean and low-caloric Erythritol and banaba extract is effective for reduce or restrain the blood glucose levels. The blood glucose levels after a meal of non-diabetic persons were lower after drinking a hypoglycemic yogurt than they after drinking general yogurt. The blood glucose levels after a meal of 10 diabetic patients were checked after drinking the yoghurt. As a result, 19 mg/dL, 30 mg/dL, 31 mg/dL of blood glucose levels decreased in 30 min, 60 min and 120 min respectively after drinking the yogurt. Blood glucose inhibition rates of 80 % of the tested patients also decreased. The blood glucose level of the diabetic patients having drunk the yogurt for 30 days consistently decreased into 59 mg/dL in 120 min after a meal.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate boiled rice made from unpolished rice, Job's Tears, and extract from medicinal herbs mixture (HGMCJE) for hypoglycemic effect on STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods : In the response of glucose tolerance, control and diabetic rats groups was intubated with glucose and HGMCJE. Furthermore, boiled 100% polished rice (P rice), boiled unpolished rice mixed with white rice and Job's tears (polished rice:unpolished rice:Job's tears=60:25:15, UPJ-rice), and UPJ rice made from HGMCJE (HUPJ-rice) were intubated to control and diabetic rats groups, respectively. Then, blood glucose concentration, incremental blood glucose, and area under the curve (${\Delta}AUC$) were analyzed in every experimental groups, and these data were used to evaluate glycemic response. Results : When glucose and p rice were intubated in control and diabetic rats, blood glucose concentration, incremental blood glucose, and incremental response ${\Delta}AUC$ of diabetic groups were significantly increase than control groups. But administraion of a single dose of extract from medicinal herbs mixture and HUPJ-rice in control and diabetic rats inhibited the remarkable increase the level of postprandial blood and ${\Delta}AUC$ at 60, 90, and 120 min Conclusions : These results indicate that when intubation of glucose and P rice were out of control on postprandial glycemic response in diabetic rats. But postprandial glycemic response was well-modulated by administrating a single oral dose of HGMCJE and HUPJ-rice. Therefore, HGMCJE can be developed as an effective hypoglycemic agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2005-2017
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• 2007

Diabetic nephropathy remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population and is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Despite current therapeutics including intensified glycemic control and blood pressure lowering agents, renal disease continues to progress relentlessly in diabetic patients, albeit at a lower rate. Since synthetic drugs for diabetes are known to have side effects, fungal mushrooms as a natural product come into preventing the development of diabetes. Our previous report showed the hypoglycemic effect of extracellular fungal polysaccharides (EPS) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this study, we analyzed the differential expression patterns of rat kidney proteins from normal, STZ-induced diabetic, and EPS-treated diabetic rats, to discover diabetes-associated proteins in rat kidney. The results of proteomic analysis revealed that up to 500 protein spots were visualized, of which 291 spots were differentially expressed in the three experimental groups. Eventually, 51 spots were statistically significant and were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Among the differentially expressed renal proteins, 10 were increased and 16 were decreased significantly in diabetic rat kidney. The levels of different proteins, altered after diabetes induction, were returned to approximately those of the healthy rats by EPS treatment. A histopathological examination showed that EPS administration restored the impaired kidney to almost normal architecture. The study of protein expression in the normal and diabetic kidney tissues enabled us to find several diabetic nephropathy-specific proteins, such as phospholipids scramblase 3 and tropomyosin 3, which have not been mentioned yet in connection with diabetes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2003

This study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Benincasa hispida (Wax gourd) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in the male rats by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45 mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer. The diabetic animals then had plasma glucose concentration of above 300mg/dl. The experimental groups were divided into five groups; normal, STZ-control and three Wax gourd groups (5%, 10% and 20% intake groups). Normal and STZ-control groups were fed on a AIN-93 diet and experimental groups were fed a AIN-93 diet with the Wax gourd powder (5%, 10% and 20%/kg diet) for 4 weeks. The body weight, diet intake and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were monitored. The blood glucose and cholesterol levels were determined everyweek. After 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acids in plasma and levels of glycogen in liver and muscle were analyzed. Diabetic rats showed the lower weight gain compared to the normal rats. The weight gain and feed efficiency ratios in 15 and 20% Wax gourd groups were higher than in STZ-control group. The plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in all Wax gourd groups than in STZ-control group. The plasma insulin levels in diabetic groups were not significantly different compared to the normal group, but the level of 20% Wax gourd group was higher than other diabetic groups. The experimental diabetic groups showed the higher levels of muscle glycogen compared to STZ-control group. The lower levels of plasma cholesterol were noticed in 20% Wax gourd group throughout the experimental period. The plasma level of triglyceride was elevated in STZ-diabetic control and the levels were slightly decreased in Wax gourd groups. Rats of 10% Wax gourd group showed the lower levels of plasma free fatty acids. It is suggested, from the results, that the possibility of therapeutic or preventive use of wax gourd to the diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2011

Injectable chitosan hydrogels have attracted great potential due to sustained-release property and safety. Here, palmityl-acylated glycol chitosan (Pal-GC) was used to generate physically cross-linked hydrogels by virtue of hydrophobic attraction of linear fatty carbons. Glycol chitosan was chemically modified with N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated palmitic acid in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) containing dimethylaminopyridine. Through a series of preparation steps of (i) dialysis with DMSO, (ii) addition of palmityl-acylated exendin-4 (Ex4-C16), and (iii) dialysis with water, Pal-GC was self-assembled to form physically cross-linked hydrogels entrapped with Ex4-C16. The Pal-GC derivative was analyzed by using 1H NMR, and the surface morphology of Pal-GC hydrogels formed was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Also, the hypoglycemic effect induced by Pal-GC hydrogels containing Ex4-C16 (250 nmol/kg) was evaluated in non-fasted type 2 diabetic db/db mice and compared with GC hydrogels containing native Ex4 at the same dose. Results showed that palmityl group was successfully conjugated with the amines of glycol chitosan, and that Pal-GC efficiently generated the hydrogels formation. Moreover, Pal-GC hydrogels containing Ex4-C16 was found to greatly prolong the hypoglycemia duration (~ 4 days). This was due to the dual-functions of the palmityl groups present in both GC and exendin-4 such as hydrophobic attraction and plasma albumin-binding. We consider this new type of self-assembled GC hydrogels loaded with Ex4-C16 would be a promising long-acting sustained-release system with anti-diabetic property.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.400-405
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• 2012

To investigate the anti-diabetic activity of ethanol and aqueous peel and seed extracts obtained from three different grape species (Cambell Early, MBA, and Kyoho), alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity was examined. All extracts showed anti-diabetic activity, especially aqueous extract exhibited inhibitory effect above 70%. Thus, we used aqueous extract to check the potential hypoglycemic effects in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice model. The results showed that the blood glucose level of STZ-induced diabetic mice decreased drastically after 3 hr when the aqueous extract of Cambell Early seed was treated to the mice model. The aqueous extract of Kyoho seed lessened blood glucose level by 60%. Together, these data indicate that extracts of grape peel and seed (aqueous or ethanol) may have potential in improving hypoglycemic effects in the diabetic symptoms, suggesting that further investigation on biomarker expressions should be rewarding.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was evaluated hypoglycemic effect of culture broth of germanium-fortified Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and yeast. Methods : We examined $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, blood glucose level, concentration of serum lipid, and serum metabolic variables of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and yeast fortified Germanium. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat. Results : In the $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, germanium-fortified yeast was significantly higher than germanium-fortified Tricholoma matsutake mycelium. The hypoglycemic effects of germaniumfortified Tricholoma matsutake mycelium was higher than germanium-fortified yeast. The activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALP), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) was significantly lower in the germanium-fortified Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and yeast than in diabetic control(DC) group and diabetic positive control(PC) group. The concentration of total cholesterol and triglyceride of germanium-fortified yeast was significantly lower than germanium-fortified Tricholoma matsutake mycelium, DC group and PC group. Conclusions : The results suggest that germanium-fortified Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and yeast have improvement effects in blood glucose, serum lipid and liver function.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1990.06a
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• pp.196-200
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• 1990

the ginseng polypeptide (GPP) isolated from the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer was demonstrated to decrease the levels of blood sugar and hepatic glycogen when injected intravenously to rats at a doses of 50-200mg/kg without affecting blood total lipid. When mice were injected subcutaneously daily at a dose of 50 and 100mg/kg for 7 successive days, GPP was also found to decreased blood sugar and hepatic glycoge. In addition, GPP was found to decrease various experimenta hyperglycemias induced by injection of adrenaline, glucose and alloxan. GPP exhibited inhibiting effect on the glycogen enhancement induced by glucose, but strengthening effect on the glycogen decrease induced by adrenaline. When the levels of blood total lipid and liver glycogen were increased by alloxan, GPP was shown to inhibit these changes except its lowering blood sugar. the toxicity of GPP is very low, its LD50 was found to be 1.62$\pm$0.130 g/kg for iv.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 1987

These studies were conducted to investigate the effects of Leonurus sibiricus extract (L.S.E.) on experimentally $CCl_4-induced$ liver damage and alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbits; Leonurus sibiricus juice (L.S.J.) showed the most rapid recuperation of liver function among samples compared to the control group in $CCl_4-intoxicated$ rabbits. SGPT activity stowed an apparant decreasing effect in 4 days, and the blood level of total cholesterol and total bilirubin in 6 days, and not in alkaline phosphatase level. L.S.J. exhibited more excellent hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetes of rabbits, that is, significant to the control group after 2 days and adjacent to the normal level on 8th day. And SGPT activity and total cholesterol level were gradually decreased and showed markedly decreasing effect after 4 days.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.338-342
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• 1990

The ginseng Polypeptide (GPP) Isolated from the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer was domonstrated to decrease the levels of blood sugar and hepatic glycogen when injected intravenoilsly to rats at a doses of 50-200 mg/kg without affecting blood total lipid. When mice were injected slibclitaneollsly daily at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg for 7 successive days. GPP was also found to decrease blood sligar and hepatic glycogen. In addition, GPP was found to decrease variolls experimental hypergly cemias induced by injection of adrenaline, glilcose and alloxan. GPP exhibited inhibiting effect on the glut rogen enhancement indllced by glucose, but strenthening effect on the glycogen decrease indliced by adrenaline. When the levels of blood total lipid and lilrer glycogen were increased by T alloxan. GPP was shown to inhibit these changes except its lowering blood sugar. The toxicity of GPP is very low, LD50 was found to be 1.62 $\pm$ 0.130 g/kg for iv.