• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.700-705
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• 2003

배에서 추출된 pectin과 사과에서 추출된 pectin의 3주간 투여가 2K1C 고혈압 흰쥐의 일간 혈압 변화, 혈장 renin, ANP 변화 및 cardiac hypertrophy 변화를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 일간 혈압변화에서 대조군에 비하여 AP-A군의 15일째에 유의한 감소를 보였고, 19일째에 한계적으로 유의한 감소를 나타내었으며, AP-B군의 8일째와 15일째에 유의한 감소를 나타내었으며, AP-C군의 15일째에 한계적으로 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 또한 대조군에 비하여 PP-A군은 모든 기간 동안 유의성을 나타내지 않았으며, PP-B군의 8일째와 15일째에 유의한 감소를 나타내었으며, PP-C군의 15일째에 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 혈장 renin변화에 있어서 대조군에 비하여 apple pectin이 투여된 군에서는 모두 유의한 변화가 없었으며, pear pectin이 투여 된 PP-B군에서 한계적으로 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 혈장 ANP 변화에 있어서 대조군에 비하여 apple pectin이 투여된 군에서는 모두 유의한 변화가 없었으며, pear pectin이 투여된 PP-B군에서 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. Cardiac hypertrophy 변화에 있어서 대조군에 비하여 apple pectin이 투여된 군에서는 모두 유의한 변화가 없었으며, pear pectin이 투여된 PP-C군에서 유의한 감소를 나타내었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.548-553
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• 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in cartilage tissue engineering to repair articular cartilage defects. However, hypertrophy of chondrocytes derived from MSCs might hinder the stabilization of hyaline cartilage. Thus, it is very important to find a suitable way to maintain the chondrogenic phenotype of chondrocytes. It has been reported that cordycepin has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor functions. However, the role of cordycepin in chondrocyte hypertrophy remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of cordycepin on chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy in MSCs and ATDC5 cells. Cordycepin upregulated chondrogenic markers including Sox9 and collagen type II while down-regulated hypertrophic markers including Runx2 and collagen type X. Further exploration showed that cordycepin promoted chondrogenesis through inhibiting Nrf2 while activating BMP signaling. Besides, cordycepin suppressed chondrocyte hypertrophy through PI3K/Bapx1 pathway and Notch signaling. Our results indicated cordycepin had the potential to maintain chondrocyte phenotype and reconstruct engineered cartilage.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.948-955
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• 2005

Glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in diverse renal diseases undergo cell proliferation and/or hypertrophy, and gangliosides have been reported to play an important role in modulating cell structure and function. This study compared the effects of transforming growth $factor-\beta\; (TGF­\beta1)$ and the effects of the application of exogenous gangliosides on GMCs and investigated whether the application of exogenous gangliosides regulated cellular proliferation and hypertrophy. Human GMCs were cultured with exogenous gangliosides and $TGF-\beta1$ in a media containing $10\%$ fetal bovine serum and in a media without the fetal bovine serum. Exogenous gangliosides biphasically changed the proliferation of human GMCs (0.1-1.0 mg/mL). A low concentration (0.1 mg/mL) of gangliosides mainly increased the number of human GMCs, whereas cellular proliferation was significantly reduced by raising the concentration of exogenous gangliosides. $TGF-\beta1$ greatly reduced the number of human GMCs in a concentration­dependent manner (1-10 ng/mL). Serum deprivation accelerated the gangliosides- and $TGF­\beta1-induced$ inhibition of mesangial cell proliferation to a greater extent. Gangliosides (1.0 mg/ mL) and $TGF-\beta1$ (10 ng/mL) both caused a significant increase in the incorporation of $[^3H]leucine$ per cell in the serum-deprived condition, whereas it was completely reversed in serum­supplemented condition. Similar results to the $[^3H]leucine$ incorporation were also observed in the changes in cell size measured by flow cytometric analysis. These results show that exogenous gangliosides modulate cell proliferation and hypertrophy in cultured human GMCs, and these cellular responses were regulated differently based on whether the media contained serum or not. Results from the present study raise new possibilities about the potential involvement of gangliosides in the development of mesangial cell proliferation and hypertrophy.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2011

교근비대 환자들은 그들의 각진 턱을 심미적으로 개선시키기 위해 교근 두께를 줄이기를 희망한다. 과거엔 수술적인 방법이 널리 알려져 왔지만 최근 양측으로 주사하는 보톡스 시술이 수술에 비해 덜 침습적이기에 그 대안으로 관심이 대두되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 기존의 양측성 교근비대에서 양측에 동량을 주사하는 방법과 달리 편측성 교근비대 환자에서 보툴리눔 독소를 편측으로만 주입 후 삼차원 레이저스캐너를 이용하여 안모의 부피변화를 측정하고자 하였다. 삼차원 레이저스캐너를 이용하여 술전에 편측성 교근비대 환자 10명의 하안모 부피를 측정한 후, 편측으로 보툴리눔 A형 독소 주사 25U이 주사되었다. 주사 4주, 8주, 12주 후 같은 방법으로 하안모의 부피를 측정한 뒤 술전의 삼차원 사진과 중첩하여 변화된 부피를 측정하였다. 주사한 쪽의 부피는 술전에 비해 보툴리눔 독소 주사 4주, 8주, 12주 후 현저히 줄어들었으며 통계학적으로 유의미한 결과를 보였다. 반면 주사안한 쪽의 부피는 특기할 변화가 없었다. 따라서 편측성 교근비대 환자에서 편측 보툴리눔 독소 주사 후 주사한 쪽의 부피가 현저히 감소하여 근육성 비대칭 환자에서 편측 보툴리눔 독소 주사가 심미적 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate the shapes and sizes of nasopharyngeal airways by using cone-beam computed tomography and to assess the relationship between nasopharyngeal airway shape and adenoid hypertrophy in children. Methods: Linear and cross-sectional measurements on frontal and sagittal cross-sections containing the most enlarged adenoids and nasopharyngeal airway volumes were obtained from cone-beam computed tomography scans of 64 healthy children ($11.0{\pm}1.8$ years), and the interrelationships of these measurements were evaluated. Results: On the basis of frontal section images, the subjects' nasopharyngeal airways were divided into the following 2 types: the broad and long type and the narrow and flat type. The nasopharyngeal airway sizes and volumes were smaller in subjects with narrow and flat airways than in those with broad and long airways (p < 0.01). Children who showed high adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratios on sagittal imaging, indicating moderate to severe adenoid hypertrophy, had the narrow and flat type nasopharyngeal airway (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Cone-beam computed tomography is a clinically simple, reliable, and noninvasive tool that can simultaneously visualize the entire structure and a cross section of the nasopharyngeal airway and help in measurement of adenoid size as well as airway volume in children with adenoid hypertrophy.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.139-145
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• 1998

This report describes a rare, congenital hypertrophy of the left upper extremity that appeared after compressive bandage of right arm at the age of two. He is eighteen years old, and hypertrophy was aggravated for about 2 years since he started weight training exercise. Recently, skin turgor changed and he visited the Dermatology department. Skin biopsy revealed increased thickness of the dermis. On Orthopaedic examination, the left arm showed non­specific neuro-muscular changes other than easy fatigability a.nd increased skin consistency after exercise, compared to the right arm. The differences of circumference were 2.5 to 4cm according to the level of the upper limb. But the relative proportion of hypertrophy of the limb was balanced., On X-ray examination, bony changes were not shown. Through the MRI, we could find edematous changes of subcutaneous fatty tissue. Muscular structures showed unremarkable changes. Through the endurance test of both arms, we could find a decrease in endurance of the left upper arm musculatures. On histologic examination, infrequent focal necrosis and peri fascicular degeneration of the muscle fiber were present.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.202-205
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• 2010

Purpose: Male nipple hypertrophy is a rare condition but is a social embarrassment for individual. The currently available techniques of nipple reduction already described in the literature for female patients are discussed, but the goal of treatment is different in male patients. In male patient, the diameter as well as vertical height should be reduced simultaneously to achieve better aesthetic results. Our new technique can reduce the diameter of the hypertrophic nipple as well as the vertical height efficiently and simply. Methods: A 19-years-old man with nipple hypertrophy on the right chest presented. The flap is designed based on the site of left nipple, symmetry, the diameter, and the projection desired. The widths of the V flaps determine projection, whereas the diameter of the C flap determines the diameter of the nipple and top of the new nipple. Unnecessary hypertrophic tissues are extirpated and the V flaps are elevated. The nipple base is reduced by purse-string suture technique. The V flaps are wrapped around, and C flap is used as a cap. Results: No complication including nipple necrosis or sensory loss were found during follow-up period. The normal symmetry of the nipple contour was restored. Conclusion: We describe a simple technique for male nipple reduction using a C-V flap with purse-string suture. In our experience, this technique has provided good aesthetic result and patient satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2012

Objective : There were previous reports of redundant nerve roots (RNRs) focused on their clinical significance and pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the significant radiologic findings that correlate with RNRs occurrence. These relations would provide an advanced clue for clinical significance and pathogenesis of RNRs. Methods : Retrospective research was performed with data from 126 patients who underwent surgery for central lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Finally, 106 patients with common denominators (inter-observer accuracy : 84%) were included on this study. We divided the patients into two groups by MRI, patients with RNRs and those with no RNRs (NRNRs). Comparative analyses were performed with clinical and radiologic parameters. Results : RNRs were found in 45 patients (42%) with central LSS. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in severity of symptoms. On the other hand, we found statistically significant differences in duration of symptom and number of level included (p<0.05). In the maximal stenotic level, ligamentum flavum (LF) thickness, LF cross-sectional area (CSA), dural sac CSA, and segmental angulation are significantly different in RNRs group compared to NRNRs group (p<0.05). Conclusion : RNRs patients showed clinically longer duration of symptoms and multiple levels included. We also confirmed that wide segmental angulation and LF hypertrophy play a major role of the development of RNRs in central LSS. Together, our results suggest that wide motion in long period contribute to LF hypertrophy, and it might be the key factor of RNRs formation in central LSS.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.241-250
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• 1987

We scrutinized the preoperative electrocardiographic and hemodynamic findings in adult atrial septal defects older than 15 years, and then followed up the postoperative electrocardiographic changes sequentially. In preoperative electrocardiographs, the mean PR interval [0.17 sec] was prolonged than normal adults [M;0.13,F;0.15], and the mean QRS axis [93.1*] was deviated to rightward than normal [M;63.7*,F;64.4*], and 122 cases of all 159 patients [77.8%] were in RAD quadrant. The QRS morphology was classified into three groups; a] crista supraventricularis hypertrophy, 25 cases, b] right ventricular outflow tract hypertrophy, 89 cases, c] right ventricular hypertrophy, 44 cases, and normal rs pattern, 1 case. Comparing the QP/QS, Pp/Ps, Rp/Rs in these three groups, Qp/Qs increased a] 2.65 to b] 2.97 and decreased b] 2.97 to c] 2.55, Pp/Ps increased a] 0.27 to b] 0.35 to c] 0.44, and Rp/Rs increased a] 0.1 to b] 0.14 to c] 0.2. In comparing the atrial fibrillation with sinus rhythm, the patient`s mean age was increased [26.4 to 45.7], the mean Qp/Qs was decreased [2.97 to 2.7], the mean Pp/Ps was increased [0.35 to 0.46], the mean Rp/Rs increased [0.14 to 0.2], and the QRS morphology was RVOT hypertrophy;7 cases, RVH;2 cases in all 11 cases. Therefore, the atrial fibrillation was appeared in progressed status. Increasing the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, size of the R` wave in Vl lead increased, and the QRS morphology tended to become severe patterns. Postoperatively, the PR interval shortened and QRS axis tended to normal axis quadrant, and size of R` wave decreased sequentially, atrial fibrillation disappeared in 4 cases. Conclusively, by use of the conventional surface electrocardiography, we could anticipate the hemodynamic changes and the prognosis at outpatient department.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2012

Objective : Obesity is often defined as a condition associated with accumulations of excessive body fats which resulting from disorder of energy balance in term of energy intake and energy expenditure. Methods : The effects of natural mixture (T) for inhibition of lipid metabolism on the liver, epididymal fat pads and pancreatic zymogen granules of high fat diet (HFD) supplied rats were observed by histopathology and histomorphometry. Results : As results of HFD supply, severe steatohepatitis such as increases of mean diameters of hepatocytes and the percentages regions of fatty changes was detected. In addition, hypertrophy of adipocytes (increase of mean diameters of epididymal fat pads) was also detected with dramatic decreases of pancreatic zymogen granules at histopathological and histomorphometrical observations. However, theses steatohepatitis and hypertrophy of adipocytes induced by HFD supply were inhibited by treatment of 5 % and 10 % T (T5, T10), respectively. Well corresponded as the results of adipocyte hypertrophy and steatohepatitis, the decreases of pancreatic zymogen granules were also dose-dependently inhibited by T treatment as compared with HFD control, respectively. Conclusion : In conclusion, based on the results, it is considered that test materials, T5 and T10, will be showed hepatoprotective and anti-obese effects, may be directly and/or indirectly mediated by pancreatic zymogen granules because they dose-dependently inhibited steatohepatitis, hypertrophy of adipocytes and decreases of pancreatic zymogen granules induced by HFD supply, respectively.