• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.187-195
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• 2018

Nano-delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and nanoliposomes, are carriers that have been used to enhance the chemical as well as physical stability and bioavailability of bioactive compound. Food-grade nano-delivery system can be produced with edible biopolymers including proteins and carbohydrates. In addition to the low-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of these biopolymers, their functional characteristics, such as their ability to bind hydrophobic bioactive compounds and form a gel, make them potential and ideal candidates for the fortification of bioactive compounds in functional dairy foods. This review focuses on different types of nano-delivery systems and edible biopolymers as delivery materials. In addition, the applications of food-grade nano-delivery systems to dairy foods are also described.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2016

In this study, core-crosslinked amphiphilic polymer (CCAP) nanoparticles prepared using a reactive amphiphilic polymer precursor (RARP) were used for preparing some valuable compounds encapsulated polymer nanoparticles with high payload through nanoprecipitation process. Various solvents (acetone, ethanol, and THF) having different polarity and CCAP nanoparticles prepared using different amphiphilicity were used for the preparation of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol encapsulated polymer nanoparticles to investigate their effects on the encapsulation efficiency, payload, nanoparticle size, and stability. CCAP dissolved in hydrophobic solvent, THF, could form ${\alpha}$-tocopherol encapsulated polymer nanoparticles dispersed in water with the high payload of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and encapsulation efficiency. Because of their physically and chemically robust nano-structure originated from crosslinking of the hydrophobic core, CCAP nanoparticles could encapsulate ${\alpha}$-tocopherol with the high payload (33 wt%) and encapsulation efficiency (97%), and form 70 nm-sized stable nanoparticles in water.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 1986

It was our working hypothesis that introduction of 11-keto groups to 12-oleanene/ursene series of triterpenoids should endow them with corticoid-like activities, since pharmacological actions of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) are known to be caused by inhibition on $corticoid-{\delta}^4-reductase$. 11-Keto-triterpenoids derived artificially in these studies, such as 11, 19-diketo-18, 19-secoursolic acid methyl ester(I), $11-keto-{\beta}-boswellic$ acid derivatives (IIa-IIc), 11-Keto-presenegenin dimethyl ester (III), II-keto-oleanolic acid derivatives (IVa-IVd) and 11-keto-hederagenin (V) possess the fundamental functions of ${\alpha},\;{\beta}-unsaturated$ ketone on C-11 and hydroxyl group on C-3, as like GA (VI). Additionally, they involve the carboxyl groups on rings A (II, III), D (I, III, IV, V) and E (VI), and the hydroxyl groups on rings A (III, V) and C (III). All the compounds competitively inhibited $corticoid-5{\beta}-reductase$, and the highest inhibitory potency appeared in I. All of them except $3,\;11-diketo-{\beta}-boswellic$ acid methyl ester (IIc) were more effective about five times to twice than GA. On carrageenin-induced edema test, compounds I and IVa-IVd showed anti-inflammatory activities, but III enhanced rather edema. Structure-activity relations were found in the aspects of hydrophilicity of ring A and hydrophobicity of rings C/D. The more they were hydrophilic in ring A and hydrophobic in rings C/D, the more they inhibited the enzyme. And the more they were hydrophobic in rings C/D, the more they exhibited antiiflammatory activities. However, the increased hydrophilicity in ring A resulted in increasing edema, probably due to a nonspecific inhibition on $aldosterone-5{\beta}-reductase$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.408-417
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• 1997

Normal phase or reversed phase liquid chromatographic separation of some structural isomers of functionalized heterocyclic compounds has been carried out by using several different columns and various mobile phases. The optimal experimental conditions for separation of structural isomers were found on a ternary solvent system including alcohol as a modifier. This polar modifier is preferentially adsorbed onto strong adsorption site, leaving a more uniform population of weaker site that then serve to retain the sample. This 'deactivation' of the adsorbent leads to a number of improvements in subsequent separations. The optimal mobile phase system of separation were found on normal phase on structural isomers. Retention mechanism of normal phase system was also studied depending on adsorption strength between solute and stationary phase of column. However, retention factors of reversed phase system were found on hydrophobic interaction with solvophobic effect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.755-764
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• 2000

Fate and transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants can be influenced by naturally-existing humic substances and surfactants applied to wash polluted soils in the subsurface environment. The objective of this paper is to study the solubility enhancement of four PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and p,p'-DDT in humic acid and surfactant solutions. As the number of aromatic ring is increased, the extent of solubility enhancement of PAHs by humic acid increased. Although the hydrophobicity of p,p'-DDT was the largest among five organic compounds used, the extent of solubility enhancement of p,p'-DDT by humic acid was lower than that of pyrene. In case of anionic surfactants, the extent of the increased solubility of five organic compounds by SDS and SDDBS was increased linearly, but the extent of the increased solubility of p,p'-DDT by MADS-12 was lower than that of perylene.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2016

Phytochemical investigation of Pistacia integerrima has highlighted isolation of two known compounds naringenin (1) and dihydrokaempferol (2). A crude extract and these isolated compounds were here evaluated for their effects on reversion of multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein is a target for chemotherapeutic drugs from cancer cells. In the present study rhodamine-123 exclusion screening test on human mdr1 gene transfected mouse gene transfected L5178 and L5178Y mouse T-cell lymphoma cells showed excellent MDR reversing effects in a dose dependent manner. In-silico molecular docking investigations demonstrated a common binding site for Rhodamine123, and compounds naringenin and dihydrokaempferol. Our results showed that the relative docking energies estimated by docking softwares were in satisfactory correlation with the experimental activities. Preliminary interaction profile of P-gp docked complexes were also analysed in order to understand the nature of binding modes of these compounds. Our computational investigation suggested that the compounds interactions with the hydrophobic pocket of P-gp are mainly related to the inhibitory activity. Moreover this study s a platform for the discovery of novel natural compounds from herbal origin, as inhibitor molecules against the P-glycoprotein for the treatment of cancer.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.178-181
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• 2002

Pyropheophorbide and pheophorbide-photosensitizers as chlorin analogues are promising new compounds for PDT because the chlorin analogues are activated with much longer red light at > 670nm and produce less long-term normal tissue phototoxicity than Photofrin. The various chlorin derivatives can be obtained by moditying peripheral substituted group among which meso-H, vinyl group and exocyclic ring are the most active positions. These characteristics prompted us to introduce various groups for constructing modified pyropheophorbide and pheophorbide a compounds. A stereospecific introduction of various double bonds at 3-position was performed to methylpheophorbide a to give a long hydrophobic moiety and cyclic derivatives. Chlorin-C$_{60}$ dyad and chlorin- $C_{60}$-porphyrin triad also were easily prepared by the reaction of terminal aldehyde of methyl pyropheophorbide a. For the reaction on meso $\delta$-position bromination and Vismeier formylation can occur. N,N-dimethylaminoacrolein also reacted on $\delta$-position and was cyclized to isobacteriochlorin, but other modification has not been succeeded. Exocyclic keto function was also modified to give purpurin derivatives, bicyclic and spiro compounds. In this presentation we report a series of modified pyropheophorbide and pheophorbide a derivatives.s.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1531-1536
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• 2006

Microsomal prostaglandin $E_2$ synthase (mPGES-1) is an enzyme that is associated with inflammation, pain, fever and cancer. Hologram quantitative structure activity relationship (HQSAR) was conducted on the series of MK-886 compounds acting as mPGES-1 inhibitors. A training set with 24 compounds was used to establish the HQSAR model. The best model was chosen based on the cross-validated correlation coefficient ($q^2$=0.884) and the correlation coefficient($r^2$=0.976). The model was utilized to predict the activity of the eight-test set of compounds giving the predictive $r^2$ value of 0.845. The descriptors of the model are based on fragment distinction (atoms, bond and connectivity) and fragment size (2-5 atoms). The atomic contribution maps generated from HQSAR were useful in identifying the important structural features responsible for the inhibitory activity of MK-886 inhibitors. Based on the generated model, the presence of hydrophobic biphenyl group seems to enhance inhibition of mPGES-1 that is in agreement with the previous experiments. In addition, it seems important for a halogen to be substituted to the biphenyl ring and for an acyl group to be attached to the indole moiety for enhanced activity.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2020

In this study, the performance and antifouling properties of polysulfone (PSf) and polyvinylidene fluoride/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVDF/PVP) membranes in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) were investigated. The membranes were prepared via phase inversion method, and then characterized by a set of analyses including contact angle, porosity and water flux and applied in a lab-scale MBR system. Soluble microbial product (SMP), extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), FTIR, gel permission chromatography (GPC) and particle size distribution (PSD) analyses were also carried out for MBR system. The results showed that the MBR with PSf membrane had higher hydrophobic organic compounds which resulted in formation of larger flocs in MBR. However, in this MBR had high compressibility coefficient of cake layer was higher (n=0.91) compared to MBR with PVDF/PVP membrane (n=0.8); hence, the fouling was more profound. GPC analysis revealed that compounds with molecular weight lower than 2 kDa are more formed on PSf membrane more than PVDF/PVP membrane. The results of FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of polysaccharide and protein compounds on the cake layer of both membranes which was in good agreement with EPS analysis. In addition, the results showed that their concentration was higher for the cake on PSf membrane.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2012

This study was accomplished using packed bed column reactors that contain nonsurface-modified polypropylene media and surface-modified media from hydrophobic surface property into hydrophilic property by ion beam irradiation. The objectives of this research was investigated the characteristics of organic compounds removal and microbe attachment from sewage of school cafeteria in these reactors. In 736.8 mg/L of the average inflow $COD_{Cr}$ concentration the reactors with and without surface modification showed 81.8% and 70.3% of average $COD_{Cr}$ removal efficiencies, respectively, which proves the $COD_{Cr}$ removal efficiency of surface-modified media reactor is higher than that of nonsurface-modified media reactor. After 90 days, there were maximum differences between modified system and non-modified system. In that time the maximum removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ was 96.5% in modified system and was 85.2% in non-modified system that showed removal efficiency of surface-modified media system is 11.3% higher than that of nonsurface-modified media system. The average removal efficiency of SS was 80.4% for the surface modified system and 61.6% for the non-modified system under same condition. Also, the reactor of surface-modified media has advantage on microbe attachment and biofilm formation.