• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.405-412
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• 2021

Wolfiporia cocos is an important medicinal fungus that has been used in regions of Northeast Asia including Korea, Japan, and China. W. cocos is classified in Korea into two types (red bokryeong and white bokryeong) based on the internal colors (yellow orange-pale pink and white) of the sclerotium. Generally, the W. cocos type cultivated on farms produces white sclerotium. In this study, we endeavored to select strains that form sclerotium in sawdust medium using 2-way cross-breeding among two cultivated strains and three wild strains. Monospores were isolated from the fruiting bodies of cultivated and wild strains on potato dextrose agar. Thirty-nine strains of 338 hybrid strains isolated formed sclerotia with white or yellow colors upon culture for 3 months in Pinus densiflora sawdust medium. Selection for sclerotium forming strains using sawdust culture follows a very simple and easy procedure that is presented for the first time in this paper. We plan to test selected strains in the field to aid in developing new varieties for the future.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.45-65
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• 2021

How are real libraries affected and what are they planning and working on in the current coronavirus era? Based on these questions, the purpose of this study was to analyze the Corona-related trends based on the 2020 implementation plan of the Library Development Comprehensive Plan and the 2021 implementation plan, and to analyze the impact and changes of the libraries in the city and the direction of corona response. The problems in the 2020 municipal libraries are largely attributed to the closure or curtailment of libraries due to the epidemic of coronavirus, budget cuts and budget limits due to coronavirus, declining users' interest and participation, infrastructure limits due to rapid service changes and operational limitations. Furthermore, the improvement measures and future plans could be divided into 1) development and provision of non-face-to-face programs; 2) development and provision of online-based services; 4) expansion of budget for response to demand; 5) provision of space against corona; and other response directions. In addition, in order to systematically cope with coronavirus in the future, it is expected that first, hybrid-type programs and services, second, infrastructure for online and non-face-to-face services, and third, budget utilization flexibility will be required.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

Recently, the demand for new cultivar of oriental mustard(Brassica juncea) is increased as the consumption of oriental mustard has increased dramatically in the market due to Kimchi is attracting the world's attention. However, absence of seed supply system can cause many problems including inbreeding depression due to self seed production, deterioration of the seed purity and heterogeneity of commercial seed. To establish the $F_1$ variety breeding system of oriental mustard, pure line and inbred lines were screened from inbreeding genetic resources. Male-sterile line was also selected from breeding combinations for the quality improvement of mustard. The combining ability from(Indojasai ${\times}$ Goheungdamyang) combinations and isolation line of(MS910 ${\times}$ Japan red mustard 8 ${\times}$ Ganghwa mustard 9) was highest, thus these lines were selected as parental lines. PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) and gene sequence analysis revealed that the genes related to CMS(orf263, orf220, and orf288) were distributed in mitochondria. The isolated lines from this study also showed good performance in yield test and farmhouse prove test.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.154-158
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: 'Shiranuhi' mandarin is a major cultivar among all late ripening type of citrus, and is widely cultivated in Korea. However, many farmers have reported scion root problems in their orchard resulting in reduced flowering and fruiting. It is necessary that the physiology of scion-rooted 'Shiranuhi' mandarin trees is further understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: This experiment was conducted to understand the growth response and physiology of scion-rooted 'Shiranuhi' mandarin hybrids. In our study, 'Shiranuhi' mandarin trees were divided into two groups: trees without scion roots (control) and trees with scion roots. The experiment was conducted in Seogwipo of Jeju, with ten replicates for each group. Growth of trees with scion roots was more vigorous and the trees were taller than the controls. Tree height and trunk diameter of scion-rooted trees were significantly higher than those of control trees. Exposed length of rootstocks of scion-rooted trees was significantly lower (by about 2 cm) than that of control trees (8.6 cm). In terms of root nutrition, carbon contents of scion-rooted trees was significantly lower than that of control trees, but nitrogen and potassium concentrations in scion roots were significantly higher than those in control roots. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we infer that growth of scion-rooted trees was very vigorous and the content of nitrogen in these roots was higher than that in the control tree roots. Thus, the carbon/nitrogen ratio of scion roots was significantly lower than that of the control roots.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate three different degrees of white striping (WS) addressing their automatic assessment and customer acceptance. The WS classification was performed based on a computer vision system (CVS), exploring different machine learning (ML) algorithms and the most important image features. Moreover, it was verified by consumer acceptance and purchase intent. Methods: The samples for image analysis were classified by trained specialists, according to severity degrees regarding visual and firmness aspects. Samples were obtained with a digital camera, and 25 features were extracted from these images. ML algorithms were applied aiming to induce a model capable of classifying the samples into three severity degrees. In addition, two sensory analyses were performed: 75 samples properly grilled were used for the first sensory test, and 9 photos for the second. All tests were performed using a 10-cm hybrid hedonic scale (acceptance test) and a 5-point scale (purchase intention). Results: The information gain metric ranked 13 attributes. However, just one type of image feature was not enough to describe the phenomenon. The classification models support vector machine, fuzzy-W, and random forest showed the best results with similar general accuracy (86.4%). The worst performance was obtained by multilayer perceptron (70.9%) with the high error rate in normal (NORM) sample predictions. The sensory analysis of acceptance verified that WS myopathy negatively affects the texture of the broiler breast fillets when grilled and the appearance attribute of the raw samples, which influenced the purchase intention scores of raw samples. Conclusion: The proposed system has proved to be adequate (fast and accurate) for the classification of WS samples. The sensory analysis of acceptance showed that WS myopathy negatively affects the tenderness of the broiler breast fillets when grilled, while the appearance attribute of the raw samples eventually influenced purchase intentions.

• Composites Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2021

This paper aims to reduce weight by replacing the reinforcements of the B-pillar used in vehicles with CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) and GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics) from the existing steel materials. For this, it is necessary to secure structural stability that can replace the existing B-pillar while reducing the weight. Existing B-pillar are composed of steel reinforcements of various shapes, including a steel outer. Among these steel reinforcements, two steel reinforcements are to be replaced with composite materials. Each steel reinforcement is manufactured separately and bonded to the B-pillar outer by welding. However, the composite reinforcements presented in this paper are manufactured at once through compression and injection processes using patch-type CFRP and rib-structured GFRP. CFRP is attached to the high-strength part of the B-pillar to resist side loads, and the GFRP ribs are designed to resist torsion and side loads through a topology optimization technique. Through structural analysis, the designed composite B-pillar was compared with the existing B-pillar, and the weight reduction ratio was calculated.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.127-134
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• 2022

Steganography is a hidden technique in which secret messages are hidden in various multimedia files, and it is widely exploited for cyber crime and attacks because it is very difficult for third parties other than senders and receivers to identify the presence of hidden information in communication messages. Botnet typically consists of botmasters, bots, and C&C (Command & Control) servers, and is a botmasters-controlled network with various structures such as centralized, distributed (P2P), and hybrid. Recently, in order to enhance the concealment of botnets, research on Stego Botnet, which uses SNS platforms instead of C&C servers and performs C&C communication by applying steganography techniques, has been actively conducted, but image or video media-oriented stego botnet techniques have been studied. On the other hand, audio files such as various sound sources and recording files are also actively shared on SNS, so research on stego botnet based on audio steganography is needed. Therefore, in this study, we present the results of comparative analysis on hidden capacity by file type and tool through experiments, using a stego botnet that performs C&C hidden communication using audio files as a cover medium in Telegram Messenger.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.649-660
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• 2022

In 1959, Satomura used spectral Doppler ultrasound to express the velocity of red blood cells according to time change, and Kato defined a zero-base line that could tell the direction of blood flow, making it possible to know the direction of blood flow. This became the basis for the widely used classifications of Triphasic, Biphasic, and Monophasic. However, the above classification has limitations that confuse users with the meaning and timing of use in a clinical environment. As a result, the American Society for Vascular Medicine (SVM) and the Society for Vascular Ultrasound (SVU) A consensus document on Doppler waveform analysis was declared by the joint committee. This study tried to review this consensus and to suggest nomenclature and modifiers that can be used in the domestic vascular ultrasound clinical field. The joint committee formed by SVM and SVU recommended that the use of the triphasic waveform and the biphasic waveform be used as a multiphasic waveform rather than being used due to the ambiguity of interpretation. In addition, it was agreed to name the hybrid-type waveform, which is a monophasic and high-resistance waveform, which has always been a problem of interpretation in a clinical environment, as an intermediate resistive waveform. In addition, in order to increase the communication efficiency between the interpreter and the sonographer, waveform analysis was classified into a main descriptor and a modifier, and it was recommended to use a single nomenclature by unifying various synonyms. It is expected that this literature review will provide accurate arterial spectral Doppler waveform interpretation and an agreed-upon nomenclature to radiologists performing vascular ultrasound examination in clinical practice, and will be utilized as basic data that can contribute to the improvement of public health.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.93-114
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• 2022

This study aims to propose the ways to improve the research performance evaluation to support the establishment of a sound research culture. For the study, we analyzed the cases of domestic and foreign research performance evaluation, and a survey and an interview were conducted for faculty and research performance evaluation officials, respectively. In the study, the direction of establishing the principle of research performance evaluation, the method of categorizing the type of research performance, the method and procedure of research performance evaluation, and necessary documents were proposed. First, eight principles were suggested to be considered in evaluating research achievements to ensure the validity, reliability, and transparency of the evaluation while supplementing the limitations of quantitative evaluation. Second, the main types of research achievements were categorized into journal articles, books, and presentations at academic conferences. Third, as a research achievement evaluation method, a hybrid evaluation using quantitative and qualitative and multiple measurement indicators was proposed. Fourth, a total of 11 steps (required 7 steps) were presented as a procedure for research achievement evaluation. Fifth, publications, evaluation documents, and committee chair's reports were proposed as major documents for research achievement evaluation. The research achievement evaluation improvement plan presented in this study should be flexibly applied in consideration of the characteristics of the academic and research fields and universities.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 2023

Xanthoria elegans is a lichen symbiosis, that inhabits extreme environments and can absorb UV-B. We reported the de novo sequencing and assembly of X. elegans genome. The whole genome was approximately 44.63 Mb, with a GC content of 40.69%. Genome assembly generated 207 scaffolds with an N50 length of 563,100 bp, N90 length of 122,672 bp. The genome comprised 9,581 genes, some encoded enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism such as terpene, polyketides. To further understand the UV-B absorbing and adaptability to extreme environments mechanisms of X. elegans, we searched the secondary metabolites genes and gene-cluster from the genome using genome-mining and bioinformatics analysis. The results revealed that 7 NR-PKSs, 12 HR-PKSs and 2 hybrid PKS-PKSs from X. elegans were isolated, they belong to Type I PKS (T1PKS) according to the domain architecture; phylogenetic analysis and BGCs comparison linked the putative products to two NR-PKSs and three HR-PKSs, the putative products of two NR-PKSs were emodin xanthrone (most likely parietin) and mycophelonic acid, the putative products of three HR-PKSs were soppilines, (+)-asperlin and macrolactone brefeldin A, respectively. 5 PKSs from X. elegans build a correlation between the SMs carbon skeleton and PKS genes based on the domain architecture, phylogenetic and BGC comparison. Although the function of 16 PKSs remains unclear, the findings emphasize that the genes from X. elegans represent an unexploited source of novel polyketide and utilization of lichen gene resources.