• 상하수도학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2018

This study investigated phosphorus removal from secondary treated effluent using coagulation-membrane separation hybrid treatment to satisfy strict regulation in wastewater treatment. The membrane separation process was used to remove suspended phosphorus particles after coagulation/settlement. Membrane separation with $0.2{\mu}m$ pore size of micro filtration membrane could reduce phosphorus concentration to 0.02 mg P/L after coagulation with 1 mg Al/L dose of polyaluminum chloride (PACl). Regardless of coagulant, the residual concentration of phosphorus decreased as the dose increased from 1.5 to 3.5 mg Al/L, while the target concentration of 0.05 mg P/L or less was achieved at 2.5 mg Al/L for the aluminum sulfate (Alum) and 3.5 mg Al/L for PACl. Moreover, alum showed better membrane flux as make bigger particles than PACl. Alum showed a 40% of flux decrease at 2.5 mg Al/L dose, while PACl indicated a 50% decrease of membrane flux even with a higher dose of 3.5 mg Al/L. Thus, alum was more effective coagulant than PACl considering phosphorus removal and membrane flux as well as its dose. Consequently, the coagulation-membrane separation hybrid treatment could be mitigate regulation on phosphorus removal as unsettleable phosphorus particles were effectively removed by membrane after coagulation.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2018

This paper analyzes the output characteristics of a self excited induction generator with isolated mode according to change of its speeds and loads for building a hybrid electric propulsion system in special purpose ships by using power take off. The induction generators are being considered as an alternative choice to the well-developed generators because of their lower unit cost, inherent ruggedness, operational and maintenance simplicity. However, the generator working by stand alone has a few problems that the reactive power is required to establish the air gap magnetic flux, and the induced voltage and magnetizing current fluctuate when the load is varied. In spite of its advantages, basic design data of the capacitor bank and behaviors of the output characteristics of the generator are not sufficient for the system. Based on the operating condition(speed range of main engine) of the target boat, a reduced experimental equipment system was constructed to analyze the output characteristics of the SEIG. And a suitable capacitor bank of a stand-alone generator and its output characteristics under various loads was investigated in detail through these experiments. According to the experimental result, it was confirmed that the capacitor bank should be $70{\mu}F{\sim}100{\mu}F$, and the proper SEIG induced voltage should be DC 80 V ~ 250 V in order to storage electrical energy into a battery.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 광생물 반응기의 조명 시스템에 적용할 수 있는 LED(Light-Emitting Diode)와 태양광 하이브리드 광원을 이용한 도광판의 설계 및 제작 결과에 대해 보고한다. LED용 도광판 패턴을 설계하고 기존에 보고된 태양광용 도광판에 함께 중첩하여 가공하였다. 하이브리드 도광판의 출력 PFD(Photon Flux Density)를 일정하게 유지시켜주기 위한 제어 시스템을 제작하였으며, 출력 PFD 목표값을 $70{\mu}E/(m^2{\cdot}s)$로 설정하였을 경우 오차범위 ${\pm}2%$ 이내에서 제어가 이루어짐을 확인하였다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2014

본 연구는 달 탐사 적용을 위한 하이브리드 추진 시스템의 기초 연구로서 산화제 유량 제어를 통한 추력제어 연구를 수행하였다. 산화제 유량 제어를 위해 볼밸브(ball valve)와 스텝 모터(stepping motor)를 이용하여 유량 제어 시스템을 구축하였으며, 산화제 및 연료는 각각 기체 산소(gas oxygen)와 고밀도 폴리에틸렌(High Density PolyEthylene)을 사용하였다. 실험 결과 산화제 유량 제어를 통해 목표 추력 제어 비율(53%, 32%)로 추력제어가 이루어 졌으며, 각각의 구간 내에서 추력이 일정하게 유지 되는 것을 확인 하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2014

최근 수년간 전기적 상호 연결 (electrical interconnect, EI) 기반 네트워크-온-칩 (Network-on-Chip, NoC) 에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는 가운데, 궁극적으로 금속 배선은 대역폭, 응답 시간(latency), 전력 소모 등에서 물리적 한계에 직면할 것으로 예상된다. 실리콘 포토닉스(silicon photonics) 기술 발전으로 광학적 상호 연결(optical interconnect, OI)을 결합한 하이브리드 광학 네트워크-온-칩(Hybrid Optical NoC, HONoC)이 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위한 유망한 해결책으로 부각되고 있다. 한편 시스템-온-칩(System-on-Chip, SoC)은 높은 에너지 효율을 위하여 이기종 멀티 코어(Heterogeneous multi-core)로 구성되고 있어서 정형화된 토폴로지 기반 NoC 아키텍처의 확장이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 타깃 애플리케이션 트래픽 특성을 고려한 에너지 및 응답 시간 최적화 하이브리드 광학 네트워크-온-칩의 토폴로지 설계 기법을 제안한다. 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 구현하였고, 실험 결과 평균 전력손실은 13.84%, 평균 응답 시간은 28.14% 각각 감소하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.2963-2968
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• 2011

플라스틱 사출 제품은 다양한 가전제품과 하이테크 제품에 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 플라스틱 사출 제품 제조업자들은 고객을 만족시키면서 경쟁력을 얻기 위하여 다른 경쟁자들보다 먼저 새로운 제품을 시장에 출시하고 신제품의 개발기간을 줄이기 위한 노력을 할 여유가 부족하다. 따라서 무한 경쟁의 시장에서 살아남기 위해서는 제조업자들은 시장 마켓 점유를 빠르게 올리는 것과 동시에 제품의 가격 경쟁력을 가져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 하이브리드 인공신경망과 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 특징기반 플라스틱 사출제품의 비용 평가 모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 기존의 플라스틱 사출제품의 비용평가절차와 계산을 위해 필요로 하는 변수들을 극적으로 간단하게 하고 줄일 수 있다. 사례연구는 제안하는 모델이 플라스틱 사출 제품의 개발단계에서의 비용평가문제를 해결하는데 효율성과 효과성이 있음을 입증한다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.458-466
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• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 비정질 강섬유와 폴리아미드 섬유를 이용한 고성능 하이브리드 섬유보강 콘크리트의 압축 및 인장 거동을 평가하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 목표 압축강도 40MPa 및 60MPa 각각에 대해서 비정질 강섬유와 폴리아미드 섬유를 총 부피비로 1.0% 혼입한 고성능 하이브리드 섬유보강 콘크리트를 제작한 후 압축강도, 압축인성, 직접인장강도 및 응력-변형률 특징 등의 압축 및 인장 거동을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 고성능 하이브리드 섬유보강 콘크리트의 압축강도는 플레인 콘크리크보다 다소 감소하였으나, 압축인성, 압축인성 비, 직접인장강도는 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 압축 및 인장 시험시 플레인 콘크리트는 최대응력 이후 취성파괴를 나타냈으나, HPHFRC는 변형연화 현상을 나타내어, 압축 및 인장 거동이 크게 개선되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.250-259
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• 2021

Path planning is one of the important technologies for automated parking. It requires to plan a collision-free path considering the vehicle's kinematic constraints such as minimum turning radius or steering velocity. In a complex parking lot, Rapidly-exploring Random Tree^* (RRT^*) can be used for planning a parking path, and Reeds-Shepp or Hybrid Curvature can be applied as a tree-extension method to consider the vehicle's constraints. In this case, each of these methods may affect the computation time of planning the parking path, path-tracking error, and parking success rate. Therefore, in this study, we conduct comparative analysis of two tree-extension functions: Reeds-Shepp (RS) and Hybrid Curvature (HC), and show that HC is a more appropriate tree-extension function for parking path planning. The differences between the two functions are introduced, and their performances are compared by applying them with RRT^*. They are tested at various parking scenarios in simulation, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed by computation time, cross-track error while tracking the path, parking success rate, and alignment error at the target parking spot. These results show that HC generates the parking path that an autonomous vehicle can track without collisions and HC allows the vehicle to park with lower alignment error than those of RS.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.129-129
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• 2021

Constructed wetlands (CW) are artificially developed wetlands that are used to control water pollution. In central India, the field application of CW started on the late 1990s but are mostly focused on wastewater treatment. In this paper, different existing and experimental studies on constructed wetlands were reviewed to be able to determine the current status of wetlands in India to identify the type of CW that is more suitable in managing a specific target pollutant and type of wastewater. Wetlands were categorized into three types: vertical flow, horizontal flow, and hybrid while the wastewater were classified as domestic and industrial. Based on the review, 80% of constructed wetlands are used for treating domestic wastewater while 20% are treating industrial wastewater. Inflow analysis showed that industrial wastewater in hybrid constructed wetland produced the highest average concentration for parameters like COD (2851 mg/L) and BOD (5715 mg/L) while the lowest concentration was TN (13.97 mg/L) found in municipal wastewater. In terms of removing nonpoint source pollutants, it was revealed that vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) are more effective at removing TSS and BOD as compared to horizontal flow constructed wetlands (HFCW) and hybrid constructed wetlands (HCW). HCW were found to be capable of efficiently removing COD and TN. Meanwhile, HFCW showed the highest TP removal among all the types of wetlands. In addition, VFCW were more effective for domestic wastewater while HCW are more effective for treating industrial wastewater. Lastly, there is currently a need to conduct further research on constructed wetlands for industrial wastewater as well as stormwater treatment to be able to gather more data and improve wetland design, performance, and maintenance.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2010

Ternary Mo-Cu-N films were deposited on Si wafer substrates with various copper contents by magnetron sputtering method using Mo target and Cu target in $Ar/N_2$ gaseous atmosphere. As increasing $N_2$ pressure, the microstructure of Mo-N films changed from ${\gamma}-Mo_2N$ of (111) having face-centered-cubic (FCC) structure to $\delta$-MoN of (200) having hexagonal structure. Detailed the microstructures of the Mo-Cu-N coatings were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and field emission transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that the incorporation of copper into the growing Mo-N coating led to the $Mo_2N$ and MoN crystallites were more well-distributed and refined and the copper existed in grain boundary. Ternary Mo-Cu-N films had a composite microstructure of the nanosized crystal crystalline ${\gamma}-Mo_2N$ and $\delta$-MoN surrounded by amorphous $Cu_3N$ phase.