• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.1203-1221
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• 2015

By taking a cable-stayed-suspension hybrid bridge with main span of 1400 m as example, seismic response of the bridge under the horizontal and vertical seismic excitations is investigated numerically by response spectrum analysis and time history analysis, its seismic performance is discussed and compared to the cable-stayed bridge and suspension bridge with the same main span, and considering the aspect of seismic performance, the feasibility of using cable-stayed-suspension hybrid bridge in super long-span bridges is discussed. Under the horizontal seismic action, the effects of structural design parameters including the cable sag to span ratio, the suspension to span ratio, the side span length, the subsidiary piers in side spans, the girder supporting system and the deck form etc on the seismic performance of the bridge are investigated by response spectrum analysis, and the favorable values of these design parameters are proposed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1178-1183
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• 2003

As personal robots coexist with a person with a role to help a person, while adapting various human life and environment, the personal robots have to accommodate frequently-changing or different-from-home-to-home environment. In addition, personal robots may have many kinds of different Kinematic configurations depending on the capabilities. Some may have a mobile base and others may have arms and a head. The motivation of this study arises from this not-well-defined home environment and varying Kinematic configuration. So the goal of this study is to develop a general control architecture for personal robots. There exist three major architectures; deliberative, reactive and hybrid. We found that these are applicable only for the defined environment with a fixed Kinematic configuration. Neither could accommodate the above two requirements. For the general solution, we propose a Supervised Hybrid Architecture (SHA), in which we use double layers of deliberative and reactive controls, distributed control with a modular design of Kinematic configurations, and real-time Linux OS. Deliberative and reactive actions interact through a corresponding arbitrator. These arbitrators help a robot to choose an appropriate architecture depending on the current situation to successfully perform a given task. The distributed control modules communicate through IEEE 1394 for the easy expandability. With a personal robot platform with a mobile base, two arms, a head and a pan-tilt stereo eye system, we tested the developed SHA for static as well as dynamic environments. For this application, we developed decision-making rules for selecting appropriate control methods for several situations of navigation task. Examples are shown to show the effectiveness.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.143-150
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• 2019

Cloud computing has recently become an attractive solution for massively multiplayer online games(MMOGs), as it lifts operators from the burden of buying and maintaining hardware. Peer-to-peer(P2P) -based solutions present several advantages, including the inherent scalability, self-repairing, and natural load distribution capabilities. We propose a hybrid architecture for MMOGs that combines technological advantages of two different paradigms, P2P and cloud computing. An efficient and effective provisioning of resources and mapping of load are mandatory to realize an architecture that scales in economical cost and quality of service to large communities of users. As the number of simultaneous players keeps growing, the hybrid architecture relieves a lot of computational power and network traffic, the load on the servers in the cloud by exploiting the capacity of the peers. For MMOGs, besides server time, bandwidth costs represent a major expense when renting on-demand resources. Simulation results show that by controlling the amount of cloud and user-provided resource, the proposed hybrid architecture can reduce the bandwidth at the server while utilizing enough bandwidth of players.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2024

Purpose: The Hybrid care environment, combining interventional procedures and surgeries in one space, is crucial for managing complex diseases, responding to emergencies, and reducing recovery times and pain. This study provides foundational data for creating architectural guidelines for a Hybrid Operating Unit in a general hospital's surgical department, focusing on cardiovascular care. Methods: The study analyzed the spatial and configuration types of the Vascular Angiography Unit and the Cardiac Operating Unit, which are the basic components of the Hybrid Operating Unit, through a literature review. Based on the initial research findings, interviews with experts were conducted. Results: In the Hybrid Operating Process, the study proposed spatial configuration alternatives that consider the positioning of medical staff and the types and arrangement changes of equipment, including Angiography, Heart-lung machines, and other surgical tools and instruments. Implications: The integration of the two units leads to increased diversity and demand for medical staff, equipment, and supplies during surgical and interventional procedures. Therefore, strategic spatial configurations and equipment placement are necessary to effectively respond to these needs.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.154-160
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• 2006

Instantaneous reaction and intelligence are required for autonomous mobile robots to achieve multiple goals in the unpredictable and dynamic environments. Design of the appropriate control architecture and clear definitions of systems are needed to construct and control these robots. This research proposes the hybrid deliberative/reactive control architecture which consists of three layers and uses the method of software structure design. The highest layer, Deliberative Layer makes the overall run-time schedule for navigation and/or manipulation, and the middle layer, Task Execution Layer carries out various missions. The lowest layer, Reactive Layer enables a robot to react rapidly in the dynamic environment and controls the mechanical devices concurrently. This paper proposes independent system supervisors called Manager to reuse the modules so that the Manager supports common use of the system and multi-processing tasks. It is shown that the mobile robot based on the proposed control scheme can perform the basic navigation and cope with the dynamic obstacles reasonably well.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2024

In order to effectively simulate nonstationary stochastic turbulent wind fields, four separation hybrid (SEP-H) models are proposed in the present study. Based on the assumption that the lateral turbulence component at one single-point is uncorrelated with the longitudinal and vertical turbulence components, the fluctuating wind is separated into 2nV-1D and nV1D nonstationary stochastic vector processes. The first process can be expressed as double proper orthogonal decomposition (DPOD) or proper orthogonal decomposition and spectral representation method (POD-SRM), and the second process can be expressed as POD or SRM. On this basis, four SEP-H models of nonstationary stochastic turbulent wind fields are developed. In addition, the orthogonal random variables in the SEP-H models are presented as random orthogonal functions of elementary random variables. Meanwhile, the number theoretical method (NTM) is conveniently adopted to select representative points set of the elementary random variables. The POD-FFT (Fast Fourier transform) technique is introduced in frequency to give full play to the computational efficiency of the SEP-H models. Finally, taking a long-span bridge as the engineering background, the SEP-H models are compared with the dimension-reduction DPOD (DR-DPOD) model to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed models.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2022

This paper proposes a scalable hybrid P2P(peer-to-peer) cloud architecture for MMOGs(massively multiplayer online games) which includes load management schemes for each region. A game world is divided into several game regions and each game region is serviced by at least one peer(player) in this MMOG cloud environment. The load must be managed regionally to support smooth interactions among them even in the presence of a high concentration of players in a specific region. In the proposed architecture where an efficient and effective provisioning of resources is realized, it is suitable for players to interact with cloud servers effectively and it avoids bottlenecks of the current client-server MMOG architecture. This architecture also relieves a lot of computational power and network traffic, the load on the servers in the cloud by exploiting the capacity of the players. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid P2P cloud architecture can reduce the considerable bandwidth at the server compared to the client server architecture as the available resources grow with the number of players in crowding or hotspots.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.34D no.5
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• pp.52-60
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• 1997

Photonic switching systems with throughput above Tbit/s are reuried to transport vast amounts of information for the coming B-ISDN. In this paper, we proposed a new time-division hybrid WDM photonic swithc architecture, the proposed basic switch module has simple configuratin consisted of frequency routers for wavelength division and cell coders and star couplers for time division. Through the comparison with other sysems in field of switching capacity, hardware complexity and cost effect of implemetnation, we proved that the proposed system is suitable for large-capacity photonic switching system.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.873-882
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• 1998

The parallel database machine approach is currently widely and successfully used. There are four major architectures which are used in this approach: shared-nothing architecture, shared-evertying architecture, shared-disk architecture, and hybrid architecture. In this paper, we use an analytical model to evaluate the performance of these database machine architectures. We define an abstract model for each type of database machine design to obtain performance equatons describing the execution times with respect to the hybrid hash join poeration. Using the performance equations, we evaluate the execution times of the various database machine design models.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.107-112
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• 2007

Recently hybrid beam system is widely used because it has many structural advantages such as short construction period and low story height etc. Generally steel wide flange beam exposure type and embedded type hybrid beams are constructed. Even though exposure hybrid beam is easily constructed, the fire proofing protection process is necessary because steel wide flange beam cannot resist to fire itself. Story height reduction type hybrid beam, which is introduced hybrid beam in this paper, does not need fire proofing protection process because it is constructed as a fully embedded type hybrid beam. Developed construction process and actual construction cases of story height reduction type hybrid beam were introduced in this study.