• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2018

Objectives : Hyaluronic acid(HA) is a mucopolysaccharide, occuring naturally in living organisms. It is one of the most hydrophilic molecules, so it has been known as being related to skin hydration and skin aging. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Angelica gigas(A. gigas) ethanol extract on hyaluronic acid synthesis. Methods : To determine cytotoxicity and hyaluronic acid synthase 2 gene expression, hyaluronic acid production in HaCaT cells, MTT assay and RT-PCR ELISA was used. Results : There were no cytotoxicity in $50{\mu}g/ml$ concentration A. gigas extract in MTT assay. Hyaluronic acid synthase 2(HAS2) gene expression was increased by all treated concentration A. gigas extract. Hyaluronic acid production was higher than control group in $50{\mu}g/ml$ & $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration A. gigas extract. Conclusions : Hyaluronic acid production was increased by A. gigas extracts. Therefore, We suggest that A. gigas can make a contribution to the moisturizing effect on human skin.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2013

Objectives: Hyaluronic acid, high molecular glycosaminoglycan, exists in extracellular matrix of tissue, especially, in skin and has been known to be deeply involved in skin hydration. In this study, we investigated the effect of methanol extract of Hwang-gi, Astragalus membranaceus root, on hyaluronic acid production in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Methods: We determined hyaluronic acid synthase 2 gene expression and hyaluronic acid production in HaCaT cells by using RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Results: Hwang-gi extract didn't show the toxicity to HaCaT cells within the treated concentration and increased the hyaluronic acid synthase 2 gene expression and hyaluronic acid production. Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid production increased by Hwang-gi could be, partially, contribute to the moisturing effect in skin by it.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2024

The etiology and pathophysiology of delayed inflammatory reactions caused by hyaluronic acid fillers have not yet been elucidated. Previous studies have suggested that the etiology can be attributed to the hyaluronic acid filler itself, patient's immunological status, infection, and injection technique. Hyaluronic acid fillers are composed of high-molecular weight hyaluronic acids that are chemically cross-linked using substances such as 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE). The mechanism by which BDDE cross-links the two hyaluronic acid disaccharides is still unclear and it may exist as a fully reacted cross-linker, pendant cross-linker, deactivated cross-linker, and residual cross-linker. The hyaluronic acid filler also contains impurities such as silicone oil and aluminum during the manufacturing process. Impurities can induce a foreign body reaction when the hyaluronic acid filler is injected into the body. Aseptic hyaluronic acid filler injections should be performed while considering the possibility of biofilm formation or delayed inflammatory reaction. Delayed inflammatory reactions tend to occur when patients experience flu-like illnesses; thus, the patient's immunological status plays an important role in delayed inflammatory reactions. Large-bolus hyaluronic acid filler injections can induce foreign body reactions and carry a relatively high risk of granuloma formation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2015

Objectives : Hyaluronic acid(HA) is a mucopolysaccharide, occuring naturally in living organisms. It is one of the most hydrophilic molecules, so it has been known as being related to skin hydration and anti-aging. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Angelica acutiloba ethanol extract on hyaluronic acid synthesis. Methods : To determine cytotoxicity and hyaluronic acid synthase 2 gene expression, hyaluronic acid production in HaCaT cells, MTT assay and RT-PCR ELISA was used. Results : There was no cytotoxicity in $50{\mu}g/ml$ concentration Angelica acutiloba extract in MTT assay. Hyaluronic acid synthase 2(HAS2) gene expression was increased by all treated concentration Angelica acutiloba extract. Hyaluronic acid production was higher in $50{\mu}g/ml$ & $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration Angelica acutiloba extract than control group. Conclusions : Hyaluronic acid production was increased by Angelica Acutiloba extracts. Therefore, We suggest that Angelica acutiloba can make a contribution to the moisturing effect on human skin. Conclusions : Hyaluronic acid production was increased by Angelica Acutiloba extracts. Therefore, We suggest that Angelica acutiloba can make a contribution to the moisturing effect on human skin.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 1992

An optimal composition of medium for hyaluronic acid production and some characteristics of its from Streptococcus zooepidemicus were investigated. The hyaluronic acid from S. zooepidemicus was reached maximum level in the BY-medium containing 0.1% beef extract, 0.1% yeast extract, 3.0% glucose, 2.0% peptone, 0.1% NaCl and $0.5%CaCO_3$ (pH 7.5) at $37^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours with shaking. Addition of $CaCO_3$ to the medium was necessary to neulralize the lowered pH which was resulted from hyaluronic acid production. Molecular weights of extracelluar and cellular hyaluronic acid produced by the strain were $1-1.4{\times }10^6$ and $5{\times}10^6$, respectively. The amount of extracellular hyaluronic acid was 91.9% of total hyaluronic acid produced and the vest was all intracellular.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2024

Background Hyaluronic acid fillers can be manufactured using various processes. They have multiple properties, including their concentration, degree of modification, and rheological data. Cohesion is one such property to evaluate gel integrity; however, there is no standardized method for calculating this parameter. This study aimed to evaluate different tests for calculating hyaluronic acid cohesion and discuss the importance of hyaluronic acid cohesion as a consideration when selecting fillers. Methods The cohesion levels of five different hyaluronic acid fillers with different rheological properties were evaluated and compared using the drop weight, compression, tack, and dispersion time tests. Results The cohesion tests yielded different results in the samples. Samples 2 and 4 showed approximately two times the number of droplets when compared with Sample 5 in drop weight test. Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 were superior to Sample 5 in tack test. Samples 1, 2, and 3 showed cohesive appearances at 95 seconds in most cases in dispersion test. Rheological test results did not reflect the measures of cohesion. Conclusion Although there are no definite standardized tests to evaluate the cohesion of hyaluronic acid fillers, our proposed tests showed similar results for different hyaluronic acid filler products. Further studies are needed to evaluate the cohesion of hyaluronic acid fillers and determine the clinical use of this distinguishing characteristic for clinicians selecting the product of choice. Level of evidence statement: These data are Level IV evidence.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.297-300
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• 2020

Hyaluronidase, an enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid, has long been used to increase the absorption of drugs into tissue and to reduce tissue damage in cases of extravasation of a drug. With the increasing popularity of hyaluronic acid filler, hyaluronidase has become an essential drug for the correction of complications and unsatisfactory results after filler injection. For this reason, when performing procedures using hyaluronic acid filler, a sufficient knowledge of hyaluronidase is required. In order for hyaluronidase to dissolve a hyaluronic acid filler, it must interact with its binding sites within the hyaluronic acid. The reaction of a filler to hyaluronidase depends on the hyaluronic acid concentration, the number of crosslinks, and the form of the filler. Hyaluronidase is rapidly degraded and deactivated in the body. Therefore, in order to dissolve a hyaluronic acid filler, a sufficient amount of hyaluronidase must be injected close to the filler. If the filler is placed subcutaneously, injection of hyaluronidase into the filler itself may help, but if the filler is placed within a blood vessel, it is sufficient to inject hyaluronidase in the vicinity of the vessel, instead of into the filler itself. Allergic reactions are a common side effect of hyaluronidase. Most allergic reactions to hyaluronidase are local, but systemic reactions may occur in infrequent cases. Since most allergic responses to hyaluronidase are immediate hypersensitivity reactions, skin tests are recommended before use. However, some patients experience delayed allergic reactions, which skin tests may not predict.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.146-153
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• 2020

Recently, hyaluronic acid, which is the most popular among various biomaterials, has been used in osteoarthritis treatment, eye surgery, and wound healing. This study was carried out to determine the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of kefir containing various concentrations of hyaluronic acid. The pH value of hyaluronic-acid-containing kefir ranged from 3.58 to 3.46. Moreover, for hyaluronic-acid-containing kefir, the score of taste ranged from 4.75 to 4.0, the flavor ranged from 4.0 to 3.38, the color ranged from 4.38 to 4.0, the texture ranged from 4.38 to 3.75, and the overall acceptability ranged from 4.59 to 3.72. Overall, the organoleptic properties of hyaluronic-acid-containing kefir were better than those of the control. Because this is the first study involving hyaluronic acid and kefir, the results are valuable. The addition of hyaluronic acid did not significantly affect the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of kefir. Therefore, the commercial availability of various hyaluronic-acid-added dairy food products must be investigated.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.242-246
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• 1996

High viscous hyaluronic acid complex from Klebsiella sp. L-10 NTG 50 mutant was purified by two-phase extraction system using PEG-K2HP04 and its physicochemical properties were Investigated. Viscosity of the purified hyaluronic acid complex was decreased as temperature and salts concentration were Increased and also showed low viscosity at below pH 5.0 and above pH 11.0. Hardness, cohesiveness and adhesiveness of the purified hyaluronic acid complex were 1, 20kg, 1.91 and 0.62, respectively. Water holding capacity was 6.9ml per gram of the purified hyaluronic acid complex powder.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.90-93
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• 2014

Hyaluronic acid is widely used in medical procedures, particularly in cosmetic procedures administered by physicians or nonmedical personnel. The materials used for cosmetic procedures by physicians as well as illegally by non-medical personnel can cause nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism (NTPE). We report the case of a woman with acute respiratory failure, neurologic symptoms and petechiae after an illegal procedure of hyaluronic acid dermal filler performed by an unlicensed medical practitioner 3 days before symptom onset. Although a few cases of NTPE after injection of hyaluronic acid have been reported yet, this is the first typical case showing a NTPE manifestation after the facial injection of hyaluronic acid.