• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.425-438
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• 2013

Postponing childbirth is becoming increasingly common and consequently serious social problem in Korea, among married-working women. It is relatively unknown which factors determine married-working women's childbirth intention. This study investigated the effects of demographical factors, labor market factors and social support factors on married-working women's childbirth intention. Data from a national survey of married-working women (Korean longitudinal survey of women and families) are used in this study. The findings are as follows. First, logistic regression analyses that married-working women's childbirth intention could be predicted by 1) personal characteristic factors such as age (p <.000), education level (p<.029), parenthood (p<.000) monthly pay (p<.01); 2) husband support factors, such as satisfaction with division of household labor (p<.009), time with family (p<.049) influence of family life on work (p<.083); and 3) institutional support factors such as regular position (p<.015), regression analysis showed similar results. Personal characteristic factors and husband support factors had statistically significant effects on the number of future children. Personal value factors such as traditional family support (p<.05) proved to be the best predictor of the number of future children. Institutional support factors, on the other hand, did not have statistically significant effect on the number of future children. In a nutshell, personal characteristics and husband support proved to be the most important determinant of married-working women's childbirth intention. The findings suggest that family friendly policy and flexible labor market policy will impact married-working women's childbirth intention.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.171-181
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• 2020

This is an empirical study that analyzes factors affecting the work-family compatibility of female wage workers with underage children. The analysis was conducted with 1,113 women from the 7th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families by Korean Women's Development Institute. As for research methods, multiple regression analysis was used in order to analyze the effects of 'social support(home support, maternity protection support, childcare and education services)', 'job characteristics', 'socio-demographic variables' and 'husband characteristics' on 'work-family compatibility and conflict'. As a result, it was analyzed that the husband's support for work life, gender inequality at work and women's educational training were the factors that strengthen work-family compatibility. It was also analyzed that gender inequality, use of childcare and education facility, number of underage children, age of husband, husband's satisfaction with caring support and husband's support for work life were the factors that cause conflict between work and family. Thus, if the policy of strengthening the work-family compatibility is a long-term policy, it appears that it is necessary to supplement and strengthen policies that can reduce conflict factors in the short term. It is hoped that the results of the study will be used as objective and academic data to strengthen the maternity protection and work-family compatibility of female workers with underage children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.109-122
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• 2004

This study examined the characteristics of children, parents, family, and the extra context related to the parenting stress of employed and unemployed mothers from a broader perspective. The subjects were 323 employed mothers 3nd 300 unemployed mothers of pre-school age children. Parenting stress due to the role of being a parent for both employed and unemployed mothers was correlated with the chid's activity level, husband support, quality of life, available social support, and satisfaction of early childhood program's location. Parenting stress due to child-rearing of both employed and unemployed mothers was correlated with child's birth order, activity level and rhythmicity of child, husband support, quality of life, available social support, and satisfaction of early childhood program. Number of children was the strongest predictor of parenting stress due to the role of being a parent for employed mothers and the child's activity level for unemployed mothers. Besides, the child's activity level was the strongest predictor of parenting stress due to child-rearing for both employed and unemployed mothers.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.53-65
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• 1998

This study was designed to examine the decision-making and family life satisfaction of the urban middle-aged housewives from the ecological perspective. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ecological enviornment variables(ie, natural physical-biological environment·social-cultural environment·human-built environment) and their dicision-making on their family life satisfaction. Also, it is to provide some fundamental information that helps to elevate the family life satisfaction of the unban middle-aged housewives. The subjects of this study were 305 housewives living in Seoul and Inchon area, whose age was from 40 to 59. The significant results were as follows: 1) Their decision-making was affected by the following variables in the order of health condition, fate-control orientation, husband’s support, monthly family income and the perception of the adequacy of household income. 2) The ecological environment variables which had an influence on family life satisfaction were the perception of the adequacy of household income, husband’s support, fate-control orientation, health condition and educational level. 3) From the regression analysis, the model was found to be highly significant, accounting for 44% of the variance. Thus, husband’s support was the strongest predictor variable.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.31-57
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to determine what factors affect the marital life of multicultural families. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 immigrated females and their husbands living in Yongsan-Gu, Seoul, Korea, by open-ended questionnaire. The interviews took place on September 11, 2008, and October 11, 2008. The major findings can be summarized as follows: Through the content analysis of the informants' responses, three major factors were found to influence the successful adjustment of the married female immigrants: personal factors, familial support, and social support systems. Among the personal factors, the self-esteem of the married couples is relatively high. However, the factor of the economic living conditions of the multicultural families indicates some difficulty. Finally, considering the level of self-development of the female immigrants' husbands, an older husband was viewed more negatively than a younger one. In terms of familial support, the most important factor affecting the adjustment of a foreign wife is the trust of her husband and her relationship with the husband's family. Accordingly, educational programs are necessary to promote multicultural understanding and the couples' relations. In social support systems, the female immigrants experienced neglect, as far as multicultural prejudice in society. Therefore, in order to revitalize the self-esteem of immigrants, we need to reach out to multicultural families. The center for support of multicultural families provides opportunities to find training, upgrade education for employment, and expand their social network. In addition, it is necessary for the national public relations industry to recognize improvements regarding the adjustment of multicultural families.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.357-367
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• 1990

This descriptive study was done to identify factors influencing sexual satisfaction in women who had had a hysterectomy and to compare these with women who had not had a hysterectomy. The purpose was to contribute theoretical understanding on which to base nursing care planning. One group of subjects were 156 women who had had a hysterectomy, between one and 18 months post surgery, living with their spouse, having no complications, and menstruating before surgery. The other group of subjects were 282 healthy women who were living with their husbands and menstruating. The study tool consisted of 108 items including item concerning personal characteristics, characteristics related to the hysterectomy, husband's support, body image, emotions, attitude toward the sexual relationship, knowledge of sexuality, sexual behavior, and sexual satisfaction. Sexual satisfaction was measured by a tool based on Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory. The range of the internal level of the study tool was from. 5208 to .9462. Data collection was done during the period from June 20 to Aug.20, 1989. The same questionnaire was used of data collection for both groups, but a mail survey method was used for the women who had had a hysterectomy, and an interview method was used for the women who had not had a hysterectomy. Data analysis was done using frequency, ratio, mean and S.D. for the characterstics of the subjects and level of sexual satisfaction. t - test or ANOVA was used for the differences between the groups with regard to the general and hysterectomy related characteristics. The relationship between the score for sex life related factors and the level of sexual satisfaction was analyzed using the Pearson Correlation, and the influencing factors on sexual satisfaction were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Mean age and income level were the only general characteristics for the two groups that were significantly different. The mean age, and income level of the group who had had a hysterectomy were 45years, and 1,150,000 won respectively, and for those who had not had a hysterectomy, 41 years and 999,000 won. 2. There was no statistical difference of the sexual satisfaction score between the two groups. 3. There was differences in the factors influencing sexual satisfaction between the two groups. Factors influencing sexual satisfaction for the group who had had a hysterectomy were husband's support (R＝.5793, P＝.000) and the women's Knowledge of sexuality(R＝.6670, P＝.000) (total variance : 33.56). On the other hand, emotional status(R＝.4294, P＝.000), sexual behavior(R＝.4294, P＝.000), husband's support(R＝.5274, P＝.000) and attitude towards sexual relations (R＝.5412, P＝.000) (total variance : 54.12) were the factors influencing sexual satisfaction in the group who had not had a hysterectomy. Since husband's support and sexuality knowledge were identified as factors influencing sexual satisfaction of women who have had a hysterectomy, it can be concluded that, before a woman who has had a hysterectomy is discharged from hospital, nurses should include strategies in the nursing care plan that will promote husband's support and the women's knowledge of sexuality.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to examine the degree of prenatal emotional status, preparation for delivery, postpartum social support, and postpartum blues and to investigate the relationship of the above variables in postpartum women. Method: The subjects were 131 postpartum women. Selection criteria were women who were 2 to 8 weeks post delivery. After Informed consent was obtained, they were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. The instrument was a Postnatal Depression & Anxiety check list. Result: The mean age of the subjects was 29.3 years, and 63.4% of subjects delivered their children by vaginal birth. 18.3 percent had felt depressed during their pregnancy. The mean score of the postpartum blues was 19.2. 61.8 percent of the subjects had postpartum blues and 8.4 percent experienced postpartum depression. Monthly income was negatively correlated to postpartum blues (r=-.189, p<.05), but the emotional status during pregnancy had a significant and positive relationship. However, preparation for delivery had no significant correlation with postpartum blues. While husband support and social support had a tendency to have a negative correlation. Conclusion: Further research is needed to identify the factors that affect the emotional status during pregnancy with various scales. Also, intervention programs to increase emotional support for pregnancy and husband support are needed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.59-75
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• 2003

Using ecological perspectives, this study investigated variables that affect the life satisfaction of employed and unemployed mothers. The subjects were 623 mothers who had preschool and kindergarten age children living in Seoul, Inchon, and Kyonggi areas. Results showed that the life satisfaction was higher in employed mothers and differed by mothers' and fathers' educational level, family composition, and family income. Life satisfaction of both employed and unemployed mothers correlated highly with parental stress, husband's support of child-rearing, social support, and satisfaction with early childhood program. Husband's support of child-rearing was the strongest predictor of life satisfaction for both employed and unemployed mothers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.151-162
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of various stressors among dual-earner families on parenting stress and marital satisfaction. Using a survey data collected from 168 dual-earner couples, this study investigated impact of various stressors, including husband division of labor, the satisfaction of childcare arrangement, husband's support on wife's outside work, family socioeconomic status, and strains from job. The finding suggested that, after controlling background variables(length of marriage, the number of children, and family income), high husbands' support on wife's outside work and low strains about their work hours had influenced on higher parenting stress among fathers, while high strains about their work hours had related to high parenting stress among mothers. It also found that high satisfaction on childcare arrangement and low depression were the factors predicting higher marital satisfaction of mothers, and high support on their wife's outside work, low work role strain, low depression, and low parenting stress had influenced on higher marital satisfaction among fathers. Discussions and recommendations for future research were added.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.241-257
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• 2000

Rheumatoid arthritis as one of the chronic illness requiring management in long period of time puts great burden to patients, their family and society. For patients with chronic illnesses, providing a social support is important and the most important source comes from spouses. Therefore we assessed burden of husbands of female rheumatoid arthritic patients and also found out the factors affecting burden. The sample of study was 107 female rheumatoid arthritic patients and their spouses. The tool of assessing spouses' burden was the revised version of subjective and objective parameters developed by Montgomery et al.(1985). The results are as follows: 1. General characteristics of patients and spouses: The mean age of the patients was 48 years. Educational level of patients was high school 41.1%. The mean age of the spouses was 51years. Educational level of spouses was mostly high school(40.2%) and college(29.9%) graduate. The mean marital period was 23.4years. Average income per month was 1,609,000 won. The average duration since diagnosis was 9.4years. As a therapy, 67.3% chose standard drug therapy. Average rating of discomfort by patient was 3.05(range 1-5) and that of severity was 3.48 and that of dependency was 2.58. The husband's rating of their spouses disease severity was 3.68. 2. Husbands' burden: The average burden in subjective items was 21.61(range 6-36) and objective items was 35.24(range 10-60). The average of total burden was 56.59(range 16-96). 3. Husband's total burden correlated with patient's age, educational level of patients, therapy method, patient's level of discomfort, patient's severity, patient's level of dependence, husband's recognition of level of severity in statistical level. Husband's objective burden correlated with patient's age, educational level of patient, patient's level of discomfort, husband's recognition of level of severity. Husband's subjective burden correlated with patient's age, educational level of patients, therapy method, patient's severity, patient's level of dependence, husband's recognition of level of severity. 4. Linear correlation analysis on burden: The husbands' total burden is explained in 37 7% by husband's recognition of level of severity and husband's age. The husbands' objective burden is explained in 31.2% by patient's level of dependence, husband's age, husband's recognition of level of severity. The husbands' subjective burden is explained in 26.7% by husband's recognition of level of severity and patient's age. In conclusion, husbands' level of burden is affected by many factors and therefore nursing strategy for relieving burden of middle aged husbands should be individualized taking these factors into consideration.