• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2013

Objectives: Korea has a dual medical system where traditional Korean Medicine (KM) and Western Medicine (WM) exist au equal terms with exclusive practice boundaries. The aim of this study was to identify complementary and substitute relationships between KM and WM in Korea. Methods: The data of 19,413 respondents were collected from the 2009 Korea Health Panel dataset. General characteristics and the medical utilization of respondents were analyzed descriptively. the Univariable Analysis was used to compare the factors that affected KM and WM utilization, and the Multivariable Analysis was applied to identify complementary or substitute relationships between the respondents' choices for KM and WM. The data were analyzed by the seven disease groups; diseases of nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, skin and subcutaneous tissue, musculoskeletal system, and connective tissue, injury, poisoning and others. Results: 13.6% and 76.9% of respondents used KM and WM respectively last 12 mouths. 12.7% used both, and 0.9% used KM only. In overall, respondents who visited KM institutions used also WM. However, according to the analysis of choices of medical institutions, non-pharmacological KM treatment and WM has been used as a substitute for another in the diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and connective tissue, injury, poisoning and others. Conclusions: Despite some exceptional disease areas, Korean people use KM complementarily to WM, and this result can rationalize the recent Korean government policies encouraging the cooperation of KM and WM. This study can he used for the future policies development for KM service delivery.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.94-106
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• 2012

In recent years, the risks and uncertainties associated with mixed used development in urban regeneration projects which have actively been implemented at home and abroad have been on the rise due to the uncertainties of the initial business plan, difficulty of financing, increase in total cost and schedule delay. To cope with rapid social and economic changes and optimize benefits, a risk-based configuration management process that considers life cycle is required, along with accurate planning in the early stage of the business. In addition, it is necessary to prepare measures that can respond to the evaluation and measurement of the configuration factors in relation to the business process. However, the focus of previous studies on configuration management in the field of construction was mainly on humanities and the sociological aspects such as organization, leadership, ideology and similar concepts. There has been limited research on the process and measurement and evaluation methods for configuration factors required in decision-making on the risks and changes that can occur in the actual project implementation phase. Accordingly, in this study, we defined risk-based configuration factors and developed a process and MECA/3DAM/CII methodology to measure and evaluate these factors so as to carry out systematic configuration management of mixed used development in urban regeneration projects.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.425-433
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• 2018

Korea's film industry structure is focused on commercial movies centering on large companies, and its diversity and artistry are relatively overlooked. In addition to trends in the digital media age, the flood of consumable contents on the basis of special effects such as C.G, And is losing popularity as a popular art. The popular art should lead the mature social culture with the educational enlightenment character which induces the indirect experience and the wide insight of the world through the material and expression about the humanities study of the individual and the society. The analysis of the society's artistry and artistry about the movie "(2017)" can be a measure of the definition and kind of artistry in commercial movies and methodology about the manifestation of artistry. As a research methodology, we try to measure the future of the film industry by analyzing the status of the film as popular art, such as intellectual exploration and logical completeness of the essence of society, Through analyzing and criticizing the artistic characteristics in commercial films, I would like to suggest some improvement points by deriving the indicators of the artistic nature of commercial films. The film "1987" is a good example of an ideal commercial film with an artistry that cultivates cultural literacy, promotes civic consciousness through enlightenment messages, and plays a role of self-reflection through art experience. In other words, it shows the possibilities of commercial film with artistry in popular culture, such as a humanistic examination of true history and society, and an introspective gaze of the director expressed through the film society.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.266-273
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• 2016

Objectives: This study evaluated the virucidal efficacy against avian influenza virus (AIV) of a disinfectant spray containing 0.25% grapefruit seed extract, 0.2% citric acid, 0.0625% malic acid and 0.0125% benzalkonium chloride. Methods: The disinfectant spray was diluted several times with hard water (HW) and organic matter (OM). Two point five mL of each diluent was added into each test tube, and 2.5 mL of AIV suspension was inserted into each test tube. After 30 minutes of virus-disinfectant contact reaction at $4^{\circ}C$, 2.5 mL of 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum was added into each test tube to neutralize the sanitizer efficacy. The neutralized solutions were serial 10-fold dilutions with phosphate buffer solution, and 0.2 mL of the diluents was injected into the allantoic cavity of five ten-day-old-chickens per dilution time. After incubation of the embryos for five days, the viability of the AIV was examined by hemagglutination titer. The valid dilution of the disinfectant spray was estimated according to the dilution time that the virus titer was inactivated more than $10^4$ 50% egg-infective dose (EID50)/mL compared with pathogen control. Results: In HW and OM conditions, the valid dilutions of the disinfectant spray against AIV were seven- and three-fold dilutions, respectively. The AIV titer of the pathogen control was more than 6.1 log10EID50/mL, and there was no embryonic toxicity. Conclusion: The present study showed that this disinfectant spray has effective virucidal activity against AIV.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2014

Salmonella spp. and Brucella spp. are associated with considerable diseases of both humans and animals. In addition, these microorganisms cause the economic loss in animal farming and food industry. In this study, the disinfection efficacy of a commercial disinfectant, composed to povidone-iodine was evaluated against S. typhimurium and B. ovis. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to test bacteria for 30 min at $4^{\circ}C$. The disinfectant and test bacteria were diluted with hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treatment condition. On HW condition, the bactericidal activity of the disinfectant against S. typhimurium and B. ovis was 400 and 150 fold dilutions, respectively. On OM condition, the bactericidal activity of the disinfectant was 5 and 20 fold dilutions against S. typhimurium and B. ovis, respectively. As the disinfectant composed to povidine-iodine possesses bactericidal efficacy against animal pathogenic bacteria such as S. typhimurium and B. ovis, the disinfectant solution can be used to control the spread of bacterial diseases.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.47-68
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• 2013

Objectives : This research aimed to develop a new etiologic classification for traditional Korean Medicine in order to respond to the social and environmental change. Methods : We reviewed the existing theories on etiological classification for East Asian Medicine thoroughly and discussed the problems and limitations. Based on the experts' consensus, we abstracted disease factors and etiologic items. Results : The disease factors are classified into three parts: the human body, the environment, and the interaction between the human body and the environment. We defined them as the inner factor, the external factor, and the interaction between the inner and the external factors. The inner factor is free from the influence of the environment, and it causes diseases solely from the components of the human body. It is divided into genetic factors. The external factor is defined as a case when a disease occurs due to a factor outside the human body and includes external injuries, environmental pollution, and natural disasters. The interaction between the inner and the external factors is a disease factor that causes diseases by the interaction of the human body and the environment and includes emotions, habits, and social environment. As a result of the analysis, it was possible to see the meanings at a single glance as the scattered and fractional meanings were integrated with focus on medicinal herbs, but the increasing number of analyzed medicinal herbs tended to more and more complicate their relationships, thus, requiring additional work like filtering. Conclusions : The new etiologic classification of Korean Medicine fully reflects the perspectives on life in Korean Medicine while embracing the changes in modem society. Also, by avoiding the usage of ambivalent terms and wrong classification methods, the new classification system constructs intuitive and concise etiology and improves usability in clinical medicine.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the professionalism of elementary teachers in charge of teaching the science-gifted children, based on their personal variables, such as gender, educational career in normal class and gifted class, training in gifted education, academic degree, etc. For this study, the questionnaire was modified by referring to Choi's survey, and conducted to 98 teachers. The results of this study were as follows: In gender, the average of male teachers was significantly higher than the average of female teachers in their professionalism in gifted education. Regional difference was found in the teacher's professionalism, however, showed different aspects in the sub-domain. The teachers' professionalism in accordance with the career in education was no difference. In gifted education career, professionalism increased as high career in gifted education, especially, more than three years. As better educated, teachers' professionalism in responsibility and philosophical understanding for gifted education was increased significantly. The teachers' professionalism according to the degree of training related to gifted education was no significant difference. Overall, 'responsibility and philosophical understanding' and 'humanities-oriented quality' for gifted education were not greatly affected by teacher's personal variables in this study. Based on conclusions, implications for improving their professionalism in gifted education were discussed.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.34-51
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• 2006

In knowledge based society of 21c, engineers require not only their own speciality but also engineering basic competency such as creative thinking, the ability of working together, the ability of communication. Engineering colleges responsible for educating engineers consider developing curriculum including Engineering Basic Competency which is reflecting the needs of the times. By utilizing the accreditation programs of engineering education, UK-SPEC of UK Engineering Council, EA(Engineering Australia) standards/handbook of the Institute of Engineers Australia, O*NET of U.S. Occupational Network, this study generates core elements of engineering basic competency to prove the capability of engineering basic competency required to desired engineers. Core constituents derived from the study were categorized into 3 major areas of the basic engineering literacy in Humanities and Social Sciences(HSS), the ability of Creativity Engineering Design, Career development and each category and constituents were surveyed and checked by engineers in the field to deduce engineering basic competency that should be educated in the engineering college.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.245-256
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• 2011

This study consists of two sections to figure out the relationship between autistic features and empathizing-systemizing traits. For the first section, the research involved 355 university students to measure their EQ, SQ-R and AQ. As a result, it is found that AQ was negatively correlated to EQ, and D score(relative difference between EQ and SQ-R of the individuals), but it was not significantly related to SQ-R. It means that the subject has high AQ if he has relatively lower EQ than SQ-R. For the second section, the subjects were divided into two groups based on their AQ score; the subjects who had a tendency of autism and the subjects who did not. The test measured how these two groups were different in terms of facial expressions' recognition according to the tendency of autism, facial expression presenting areas(whole face, eyes-alone, mouth-alone) and different types of emotions(basic and complex emotions). As a result, the subjects who had a tendency of autism were lower at judging facial expressions than the subjects who did not. Also, the results showed that the subjects judged better on the condition of basic emotions more than complex emotions, the whole face more than eyes-alone and mouth-alone. Especially, for the eyes-alone condition, the subjects who had a tendency of autism were lower at judging facial expressions than the subjects who did not. This study suggests that empathizing traits and facial expressions' recognition are related to the tendency of autism.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.755-761
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of balance board and whole-body vibration stimulator application on body muscle activities during static squat motion. Twenty adult males(age, 21.90±0.36 years; height, 174.30±1.09 cm; body mass, 66.50±1.00 kg; and BMI, 21.90±0.31 kg/㎡) were participated in this study as subjects. Three types' static squat motions were performed(basic static squat motion, BSSM; static squat motion with balance board, SSBB; static squat motion with whole-body vibration stimulator, SSVS). We measured the right side's body muscle activities of the rectus abdominis(RA), internal oblique(IO), external oblique(EO), rectus femoris(RF), vastus lateralis(VL), and vastus medialis(VM). The research findings were as follows. There was a significant higher RA, IO, and EO muscle activity of SSBB and SSVS(p=.001, p=.004, p=.000). And RF, VL, and VM muscle activities were greatest during SSVS(p=.000). These findings are expected to serve as references for static squat motion applications in training programs for body muscle strengthening.