• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

While human error has been one of the main technical issues from the early era of human factors engineering, it still remains hot and somewhat vague due to the various types of the concepts and words on human errors in practice. There may be some technical limitations hindering human error prevention activities. This paper introduces the human error activities described in the papers if this issue of ESK Journal according to a few criteria proposed for more effective technical review. And two basic technical issues are discussed on the concepts, perspectives, and classifications about human errors. Each activity shows its own artifacts associated with the safety purpose and the nature of the industry. This paper also provides a set of new technical bases proposed for a more effective management of human errors by considering the dependability, representativeness, and structuredness of human errors. Additionally, this paper includes some new challenges over the current prevention-oriented activities; positive utilizations of human errors to training/education, advertisements, fun and entertainments, and nudges.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.35-47
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• 2004

The nuclear design analysis requires time-consuming and erroneous model-input preparation. code run. output analysis and quality assurance process. To reduce human effort and improve design quality and productivity. Innovative Design Processor (IDP) is being developed. Two basic principles of IDP are the document-oriented desigll and the web-based design. The document-oriented design is that. if the designer writes a design document called active document and feeds it to a special program. the final document with complete analysis. table and plots is made automatically. The active documents can be written with Microsoft Word or created automatically on the web. which is another framework of IDP. Using the proper mix-up of server side and client side programming under the LAMP (Linux/Apache/MySQL/PHP) environment. it e design process on the web is modeled as a design wizard style so that even a novice designer makes the design document easily. This automation using the IDP is now being implemented for all the reload design of Korea Standard Nuclear Power Plant (KSNP) type PWRs. The introduction of this process will allow large reduction in all reload design efforts of KSNP and provide a platform for design and R&D tasks of KNFC.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2007

It was announced that 'making a better wellbeing city program' is a new core quality of life policy of Roh Mu-Hyun government. The policy is comprehended as a sign of regional policy changeover, that give empathize to human ware oriented governance from hard ware oriented physical elements input policies. To be effective, It is important to introduce a institutionalization of dynamic social relations in regional community such as participations of civil society. In the case study of Jinju city, a medium scale city located in southern part of Korean peninsular, Invitation of the innovation city, initiated by the alliance of city government and growth coalition, was making progress. Through alliance of labor unions and citizen associations, the public management of public bus companies were succeeded. But the restoration of historical places were suffered a setback by conflicts of interests with development profits. In these contexts, it is insisted that the core of 'making a better welling being city program is introducing of human ware oriented regional policies, such as institutionalization of citizen associations participation.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.57-81
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• 2008

Knowledge is an essential strategic weapon for sustaining competitive advantage and is the key determinant for organizational growth. When knowledge is shared and disseminated throughout the organization, it increases an organization's value by providing the ability to respond to new and unusual situations. The growing importance of knowledge as a critical resource has forced executives to pay attention to their organizational knowledge. Organizations are increasingly undertaking knowledge management initiatives and making significant investments. Knowledge sourcing is considered as the first important step in effective knowledge management. Most firms continue to make an effort to realize the benefits of knowledge management by using various knowledge sources effectively. Appropriate knowledge sourcing strategies enable organizations to create, acquire, and access knowledge in a timely manner by reducing search and transfer costs, which result in better firm performance. In response, the knowledge management literature has devoted substantial attention to the analysis of knowledge sourcing strategies. Many studies have categorized knowledge sourcing strategies into intemal- and external-oriented. Internal-oriented sourcing strategy attempts to increase firm performance by integrating knowledge within the boundary of the firm. On the contrary, external-oriented strategy attempts to bring knowledge in from outside sources via either acquisition or imitation, and then to transfer that knowledge across to the organization. However, the extant literature on knowledge sourcing strategies focuses primarily on large organizations. Although many studies have clearly highlighted major differences between large and small firms and the need to adopt different strategies for different firm sizes, scant attention has been given to analyzing how knowledge sourcing strategies affect firm performance in small firms and what are the differences between small and large firms in the patterns of knowledge sourcing strategies adoption. This study attempts to advance the current literature by examining the impact of knowledge sourcing strategies on small firm performance from a holistic perspective. By drawing on knowledge based theory from organization science and complementarity theory from the economics literature, this paper is motivated by the following questions: (1) what are the adoption patterns of different knowledge sourcing strategies in small firms (i,e., what sourcing strategies should be adopted and which sourcing strategies work well together in small firms)?; and (2) what are the performance implications of these adoption patterns? In order to answer the questions, this study developed three hypotheses. First hypothesis based on knowledge based theory is that internal-oriented knowledge sourcing is positively associated with small firm performance. Second hypothesis developed on the basis of knowledge based theory is that external-oriented knowledge sourcing is positively associated with small firm performance. The third one based on complementarity theory is that pursuing both internal- and external-oriented knowledge sourcing simultaneously is negatively or less positively associated with small firm performance. As a sampling frame, 700 firms were identified from the Annual Corporation Report in Korea. Survey questionnaires were mailed to owners or executives who were most erudite about the firm s knowledge sourcing strategies and performance. A total of 188 companies replied, yielding a response rate of 26.8%. Due to incomplete data, 12 responses were eliminated, leaving 176 responses for the final analysis. Since all independent variables were measured using continuous variables, supermodularity function was used to test the hypotheses based on the cross partial derivative of payoff function. The results indicated no significant impact of internal-oriented sourcing strategies while positive impact of external-oriented sourcing strategy on small firm performance. This intriguing result could be explained on the basis of various resource and capital constraints of small firms. Small firms typically have restricted financial and human resources. They do not have enough assets to always develop knowledge internally. Another possible explanation is competency traps or core rigidities. Building up a knowledge base based on internal knowledge creates core competences, but at the same time, excessive internal focused knowledge exploration leads to behaviors blind to other knowledge. Interestingly, this study found that Internal- and external-oriented knowledge sourcing strategies had a substitutive relationship, which was inconsistent with previous studies that suggested complementary relationship between them. This result might be explained using organizational identification theory. Internal organizational members may perceive external knowledge as a threat, and tend to ignore knowledge from external sources because they prefer to maintain their own knowledge, legitimacy, and homogeneous attitudes. Therefore, integrating knowledge from internal and external sources might not be effective, resulting in failure of improvements of firm performance. Another possible explanation is small firms resource and capital constraints and lack of management expertise and absorptive capacity. Although the integration of different knowledge sources is critical, high levels of knowledge sourcing in many areas are quite expensive and so are often unrealistic for small enterprises. This study provides several implications for research as well as practice. First this study extends the existing knowledge by examining the substitutability (and complementarity) of knowledge sourcing strategies. Most prior studies have tended to investigate the independent effects of these strategies on performance without considering their combined impacts. Furthermore, this study tests complementarity based on the productivity approach that has been considered as a definitive test method for complementarity. Second, this study sheds new light on knowledge management research by identifying the relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies and small firm performance. Most current literature has insisted complementary relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies on the basis of data from large firms. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, this study identifies substitutive relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies using data from small firms. Third, implications for practice highlight that managers of small firms should focus on knowledge sourcing from external-oriented strategies. Moreover, adoption of both sourcing strategies simultaneousiy impedes small firm performance.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.3 s.65
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• pp.195-206
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• 2006

Design for improved usability is to understand products from the user's point of view so eventually to enhance the pleasantness users by reflecting it into the design. The philosophy of user-oriented design is an essence of human-centered product planning, and its application is more important for railway vehicle design, which is closely connected with everyday life. This study focused to define basic elements of train interior design concept, which considers convenience and comfort for passengers, by extracting and interpreting ergonomic requirements, as usability factors, of train toilet design. The study on user-oriented design of trains consists of the practice of sensibility engineering for the management of customers' emotions and its harmonious use on design, and aims on the embodiment of new ergonomic design. In the center, it has analyzed the criteria and characteristics of the user-oriented design and has concluded the design direction and components to a concrete idea and proposed prototypes, which may become a good example for train interior design later on. In addition, it proposes a direction, which may become a guideline of ergonomic design, to secure competition capacity. Moreover this study is concentrated on the physical environment and human behavior of train toilet users, on the analysis of factors necessary for adequate toilet design, and on the understanding of interface between its users. What is more, it proposes a module of development process and methods of approaching the interface. The study presents a design standard, under which the concrete data of the characteristics and practicable range and the convergent demands accelerate to the module could be confirmed and criticized. The study on the usability is going to contribute to more pleasant and comfortable train environments and consequently, it's going to create new values of increased railway competitiveness by design.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.29-42
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• 2014

As society proceeds rapidly toward a knowledge-oriented stage, knowledge as an intangible asset has gained increasing importance. Companies increase their competitiveness and generate extra value through continuous investments in the management of intellectual property (IP). Thus, the prime concerns of companies have been protection of their technological innovation output through filing for IP rights, and maximization of their interests through utilization of intangible assets. Despite the importance of technological innovation in the management of a company, few studies have analyzed the key factors in the management of IP and activities for technological innovation. This study aims to derive policy implications for managing IP and effective capacity building for technological innovation. For this purpose, the author has employed empirical tests to identify the major factors influencing the direction of technological innovations in a company.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.93-115
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• 2015

Due to the dramatic increase in usage of smart phones, mobile applications offer a promising public communication channel to effect behavioral change in areas such as energy saving. For this, identifying relationships between applications and behavioral change would be useful for public institutions to formulate more effective public communication strategies. Based on a design science approach, this study examines the effect of design factors of public service-oriented mobile applications such as personalization, accessibility, and representation richness on users' cognitive and affective attitudes. Their effects on behavioral outcome are also investigated. The results of the analysis show that most design factors contribute significantly to the cognitive and affective attitudes of users. In turn, cognitive attitudes affect users' behavioral change in terms of energy saving, while affective attitudes are positively associated with the average usage time of mobile applications and behavioral changes in terms of energy saving.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.141-152
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• 2011

The Internet is changing old organizational schemes, including education. A growing number of universities are creating curriculums to reflect these changes. Economic market is being opened to the international world, and in order to overcome the difficulties are demanding continuous supply of men power from university to efficiently manage human resource and implement superior e-business model. Technology innovation plays an important role in the sustainable grows of the firm in the global economy. The objective of this study is to suggest an e-business curriculum for e-business department. We will analyze what kind of people is needed for e-business, and provide appropriate curriculum for educating suitable human resources, which could be for university program. This study may contribute to the much needed systematic analysis for e-business curriculum. We prioritize e-business curriculum selected and rank their importance through an exploratory study for suggesting the undergraduate curriculum.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.53-79
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• 2010

The study was originated from recognition that project participants' satisfaction should be Improved to raise project performance and to make progress of a successful project since the above dissatisfaction was operated as a danger factor of the project. The study selected one large-scale sample project and attempted measuring characteristics of the project, participants' satisfaction and project performance with the whole project participants. The study analyzed correlations between individual level (team members) and group level (development team), and examined what effect a sub project manager under complicated hierarchical organization of the large-scale project, namely PL (project leader)'s leadership style had on each individual project participant's satisfaction and what effect project uncertainty in organization/technology environment had on project participants' satisfaction and project performance. The study verified that development team (group) had an effect on team member (individual)-level project participants' satisfaction by disclosing that there was a significant dispersion among groups within project participants' satisfaction by each individual. It is analyzed that it is necessary to make improvement through approach by each pertinent team to raise individual-level project participants' satisfaction. The study also verified PL's ideal leadership under strict methodology and hierarchical control of the large-scale project. Based on the verification of the hypotheses, the results of the analysis were produced as follows. First, the development team affects the satisfaction level that an individual has when he/she participates in a project. This suggests that the satisfaction with project participation should be improved at the team level. In addition, the project management style and leadership orientation of the manager of a sub project who is mostly affected by the team proved to have a direct influence on the satisfaction with project participation and project performances. Second, both the performance-oriented leadership and the relationship-oriented leadership of the PL of the development team were verified to have a significant effect on the satisfaction of the team members associated with project participation. In other words, when the team members recognize that the PL of the development team shows both the performance-oriented leadership and the relationship-oriented leadership, their satisfaction with project participation increases accordingly. Third, it was verified that the uncertainty of the organizational environment significantly affects the satisfaction level when the PL of the development team exerts a relationship-oriented and performance-oriented leadership. The higher the uncertainty of the organizational environment is, the more the satisfaction with project participation decreases whereas the relationship-oriented leadership has a more positive effect on the satisfaction than the performance-oriented leadership style. Fourth, when the PL of the development team exerts the relationship-related and performance-related leadership, the uncertainty of the technological environment has a significant influence on the satisfaction level. The higher the uncertainty of the technological environment is, the more the satisfaction with project participation decreases whereas the performance-oriented leadership has a more positive effect on the satisfaction than the relationship-oriented leadership style. The result of the research on the uncertainty of the project environment suggests that when the development team leader exerts a relationship-oriented and performance-oriented leadership style, the uncertainty of the organizational environment has a significant effect on the satisfaction with project participation; the higher the uncertainty of the organizational environment, the more the satisfaction level decreases, and the relationship-oriented leadership style affects the satisfaction level more positively than the performance-oriented leadership style. In addition, when the development team leader displays a relationship-oriented and performance-oriented leadership style, the uncertainty of the technological environment has a significant effect on the satisfaction with project participation; the higher the uncertainty of the technological environment. the more the satisfaction level decreases. The performance-oriented leadership style as well affects the satisfaction level more positively than the relationship-oriented leadership style. Based on the above results, the research provides the following implications when handling multiple concurrent projects. First, the satisfaction with the participation in the multiple concurrent projects needs to be enhanced at the team (group) level. Second. the manager of the project team, particularly the middle managers should have both a performance-oriented and relationship (task and human)-oriented attitude and exert a consolidated leadership in order to improve the satisfaction of team members with project participation and their performances. Third, as the uncertainty factor of the technological and organizational environment among the characteristics factors of the project has room for methodological improvement depending on one's effort even though there are some complications, we need to continuously prevent and control the risks resulting from the uncertainties of the technological and organizational environment of the project in order to enhance the satisfaction of project participation and project performances. Fourth, the performance (task)-oriented leadership is required when there is uncertainty in a technological environment while the relationship (human)-oriented leadership is required when there is uncertainty in an organizational environment. This research has the following limitations. First, this research intended to select one large-sized sample project and measure the project characteristics, the satisfaction of all the participants associated with project participation, and their performances. Therefore, it is inappropriate to generalize and apply the result of this result onto other numerous projects. Second, as this case study entailed a survey to measure the characteristics factors and performance of the project, since the result value was based on the perception of project team members, the data may have insufficient objectivity. Third, though this research targeted on all the project participants, some development teams did not provide sufficient data and questionnaires were collected from some specific development teams among the 23 development teams, causing a significant deviation in the response rate among the development teams. Therefore, we need to continuously conduct the follow-up researches making comparisons among the multiple projects, and centering on the characteristics factors of the project and its satisfaction level.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.234-240
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• 2019

This study has performed to find the effective method of human resource management in the hospital organization through the relationship between organizational attitude and individual inclination, where nurses, medical technician and administrative staff of hospital with labor intensive and relationship oriented organization were analyzed. According to the results, the lower individual inclination with changeable level of hospital employees, the higher of outer level and the higher of goal-oriented level, the organizational attitude was shown to be amicable, especially was most highly influenced by changeable level. Therefore, the hospital organization was recommended to find the following methods properly; no only to strengthen the active and logical outgoing tendency, the careful words and actions through the emotion control for the goal orientation, but also to minimize the changeable tendency such as not amicable human relation, the change and delay of decision.