• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2007

Transgenic mice were generated by microinjecting a plasmid DNA containing the SV40 (simian virus 40) large T antigen (Tag) gene fused with mouse albumin promoter/enhancer sequences into fertilized one-cell mouse embryos. Among eleven founder transgenic animals, four developed hepatocellular carcinoma, two showed kidney cancer and one developed skin and brain tumors. Three stable transgenic lines, #1-2, #1-6 and #1-11 were established. Members of the lines #1-6 and #1-11 reproducibly developed liver tumors by 8 to 10 weeks of age but did not exhibit any phenotypic changes in other tissues. Histological changes loading to liver tumor formation occurred with predictable kinetics and could be classified into three distinct stages; (a) newborn to 3 weeks of age, characterized by hyperplastic hepatocytes with reduced amounts of cytoplasm without any nuclear alterations, (b) between 4 to 8 weeks of age, characterized by diffuse liver cell dysplasia without observable tumor nodules, and (c) 9 weeks of age and thereafter, characterized by hepatocellular carcinomas in the background of extensive liver dysplasia. Metastasis to the lung from a liver carcinoma was observed in #1-11 founder animal. This transgenic mouse system displays similarities with human liver cancers in a number of aspects and provides a useful model for the study of molecular events involved in hepatocarcinogenesis.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) is an autoimmune disease invading the skin, joint, kidney, intestinal membrane, neurosystem and other organs. SLE is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation resulting in the production of antinuclear antibodies(ANA), generation of circulating immune complexes, and activation of the complement system. In Korean medicine, lupus can be classified as acute arthritis, reddish butterfly erythema, asthenic disease, edema and so on. The cause and procedure of the diseases are flourishing noxious heat, excessive fire due to deficiency of yin, blood stasis due to stagnation of qi, internal movement of the liver-wind, congenital deficiency, exhausted vital-qi, which are treated by clearing away heat and cooling the blood, nourshing yin and extinguishing fire, treating flatulence and activating blood circulation, nourishing the blood to expel wind, invigorating the liver and kidney, invigorating qi and replenishing the blood. To experimentally examine the influence of Insam-Buja-Tang (Ginseng & Aconiti Extract, IBT) on the outbreak and development of lupus, lupus induce MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice model was used. As IBT was orally administrated to a lupus model mouse, various tests such as the weight, urine protein, renal function, Lymph cell test of the spleen, Cytokine expression, histopathological analysis of kideny were performed to see the influence on the kidney and whether it work effectively on the immune function. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of IBT on MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice model. The effect of IBT on MRL/MpJ-Faslpr lupus-prone mice that can have autoimmune disease similar to SLE in human was evaluated after IBT per oral in the present study.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1122-1127
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• 2019

In this study, the bio-impedance of the human body is able to obtain a lot of information by monitoring the pathological and physiological conditions of clinical and biological tissues. The four electrode method system for biometrics measured the potential difference between two electrodes and the other two electrodes were used as electrodes for current flow. The newly developed dry gold electrode measured impedance from 1 Hz to 50 kHz and produced reproducible results. To verify the impedance measurement of the dry electrode, the pitting was performed using an equivalent circuit model of the bioelectrode skin, and the effectiveness was demonstrated through modeling. Fixed electrode types have a constant position of the electrodes attached during the measurement, so that a stable measurement can be obtained, thereby minimizing the error.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2019

Objectives : Teaching the standardized acupuncture point locations and improving the accuracy of acupoint locations through objective evaluation is a very important part of Korean medicine education. The aim of this study is to develop a dummy system for evaluation and support of teaching acupoint location in meridian and acupoints classes and to introduce the developed system. Methods : We established a protocol for the development of the system. The protocol included definition of usage purpose, definition of its essential performance, and set of scope. The system compares the amount of light at the target acupoint with the amount of light at the other sites to determine whether the target acupoint is properly specificated. Results : A prototype of the system was built according to the protocol and consists of light emitter, dummy, control/operation, input part and output part. The light emitter projects laser beam passing through the skin of the dummy. Light sensors were attached inside the acupoints of the dummy. Three types of light sensors were selected depending on the location of the acupoints. The arithmetic, input, and output parts were constructed using Arduino and Raspberry pi boards. The developed system was applied in class. Conclusions : It is thought that the dummy system for evaluation and support of teaching acupoint location can be used as a training model in order to help teach standardized acupoint locations and objective evaluation.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 2015

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer and its incidence is gradually increasing worldwide. Patients with metastatic melanoma have a very poor prognosis (estimated 5-year survival rate of <16%). In the last few years, several drugs have been approved for malignant melanoma, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockades. Although new therapeutic agents have improved progression-free and overall survival, their use is limited by drug resistance and drug-related toxicity. At the same time, adoptive cell therapy of metastatic melanoma with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we summarize the currently available drugs for treatment of malignant melanoma. In addition, we suggest cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells as another candidate approach for adoptive cell therapy of melanoma. Our preclinical study and several previous studies have shown that CIK cells have potent anti-tumor activity against melanomas in vitro and in an in vivo human tumor xenograft model without any toxicity.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2020

Natural products have received revived interest via traditional remedies or alternative medicine used for the treatment of various diseases. Zanthoxylum piperitum (ZP) has been utilized in traditional medicine for various medicinal purposes. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether ZP modulates allergic inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the pharmacological effects of ZP on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms in mice. Additionally, in order to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ZP, we elucidate the effect of ZP on the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). The results demonstrated that ZP attenuated AD clinical symptoms such as erythema, edema and dryness as well as histamine and IgE serum levels in DNCB-induced AD model mice. Additionally, ZP suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and activation of NF-κB in AD-like skin lesions and stimulated HMC-1. These results provide experimental evidence that ZP may be useful candidate for treating allergic inflammation including AD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.87-100
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• 2009

This study examines black images as 'the other' in history and aims to analyze images of black female fashion models which have been changed in modern society, particularly in $21^{st}$ century post-modern world. Black images, established historically as illustrated on the paintings in $19^{th}$ century, were disseminated in $20^{th}$ century throughout the world especially by way of TV and movies as several typical images such as 'Coon' the clown as the object of entertainment, 'Buck' wild and resistant black rascal, and 'Mammy' obedient and fat black woman servant. The result of image analysis of black female fashion models, can be summarized as following five images. The first is the image of 'powerful'. Black female models frequently represent healthy image which reflects black people's excellence in sports and also the traditional Image of black skin color as strength. The second is the image of 'sexy'. They are adored as having perfect ideal body shape. They show off their sex appeal with their body. The third image is 'multicultural'. Black models represent cultures besides the western. The fourth is the image of 'fantastic'. In contrast to the real, resonable things, black female models represent wild, fancy, ghost things. The fifth is the image of 'racial discrimination' By arranging them in contrast to whites, a metaphoric image of racial discrimination can be displayed. The result shows that tome of racial images still remain on the other way.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.384-386
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• 1998

The use of hand gesture provides an attractive alternative to cumbersome interface devices for human-computer interaction(HCI). Many methods hand gesture recognition using visual analysis have been proposed such as syntactical analysis, neural network(NN), Hidden Markov Model(HMM) and so on. In our research, a HMMs is proposed for alphabetical hand gesture recognition. In the preprocessing stage, the proposed approach consists of three different procedures for hand localization, hand tracking and gesture spotting. The hand location procedure detects the candidated regions on the basis of skin-color and motion in an image by using a color histogram matching and time-varying edge difference techniques. The hand tracking algorithm finds the centroid of a moving hand region, connect those centroids, and thus, produces a trajectory. The spotting a feature database, the proposed approach use the mesh feature code for codebook of HMM. In our experiments, 1300 alphabetical and 1300 untrained gestures are used for training and testing, respectively. Those experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach yields a higher and satisfying recognition rate for the images with different sizes, shapes and skew angles.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2004

The decreasing effect of wrinkle on the pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogel patches containing ulmi cortex extract and sorbitol as the drug for anti-wrinkle were investigated. In this study, hydrogels were prepared by the crosslinking reaction of acrylic polymers and aluminum ions produced by L(+)-tartaric acid hydrolysis of the dihydroxy aluminum aminoacetates. The inhibition concentration of ulmi cortex extract on the collagenase exhibited at 0.01%. Furthermore, the moisturizing effect of hydrogel patches formulated with sorbitol was higher than that without it. In vivo animal test in hairless mouse showed that the ulmi cortex-loaded hydrogel patches had about 31.2% of anti-wrinkle effect compared to blank (before attaching the patches). Human test showed that only 33% of subjects showed the decreasing of wrinkle during 8 weeks. In conclusion, the model pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogel patches in this study would be pharmaceutically applicable for the wrinkle treatment on the facial skin.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.416-423
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• 2023

Figs has known to have antioxidant, whitening, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects in their leaves, roots, stems, latex, and fruits. In order to develop cosmetic materials based on natural products, we have studied on the skin activity of the ficin in latex as well as the whitening function of the fruit extract with 70% ethanol, and used it as a raw material for released cosmetic product. However, there is little research on the demand for the development of new eutectic solvent extraction methods and its ability to control skin inflammation and psoriasis regulation. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of fig fruit extracts and fractions using eutectic solvent extraction for skin inflammation control and psoriasis. First, fig fruits were extracted under optimal eutectic solvent conditions and fractionated with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. First, the antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production were confirmed in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. In addition, as a result of observing the mRNA expression through RT-PCR, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL1α, and IL-1β were suppressed significantly in the hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions. In addition, it was confirmed in TNF-α stimulated HaCaT keratinocyte model. Finally, chemokine CC motif ligand 20 (CCL20), marker gene of human psoriasis skin disease, was significantly suppressed in the hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions. These results suggested its anti-inflammatory and skin soothing effect and the possibility of development as an excellent skin soothing natural cosmetic material in the future through future clinical trials.