• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.159-168
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• 1977

In order to evaluate the mutagenic potentential in mammalian system for those pesticides which were proved to be mutagenic in Salmonella microsome assay system, we have studied drug-resistant mutagenesis in cultured L5178Y cells and unscheduled DNA synthesis in human lymphocytes in vitro. We have tested five pesticides: insecticides DDVP and trichlorfon, fungicide TMTD and herbicides MO and NIP. Of these pesticides, TMTD induced weak mutation to MTX-resistance in L5178Y cells in vitro and gave positive responses in DNA repair assay system. Therefore, its potential genetic risks in human beings should be re-evaluated. DDVP and trichlorfon gave negative response in L5178Y mutagenesis test system but stimulated incorporation of $^{3}H$-TdR in DNA repar assay. MO and NIP gave also negative responses both in L5178Y mutagenesis test systemand in DNA repair assay system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.432-439
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• 2016

Shiga toxins (Stxs) produced by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are major virulence factors that cause fatal systemic complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome and disruption of the central nervous system. Although numerous studies report proinflammatory responses to Stx type 1 (Stx1) or Stx type 2 (Stx2) both in vivo and in vitro, none have examined dynamic immune regulation involving cytokines and/or unknown inflammatory mediators during intoxication. Here, we showed that enzymatically active Stxs trigger the dissociation of lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) from the multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex in human macrophage-like differentiated THP-1 cells and its subsequent secretion. The secreted KRS acted to increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Thus, KRS may be one of the key factors that mediate transduction of inflammatory signals in the STEC-infected host.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.15-26
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• 1992

To investigate the seasonal effects on physiological responses of human body, clothing micro-climate, and subjective sensation, selected the cloths the most frequently dressed by men in spring and fall, and completed wearing trials in the climatic chamber. The results are as follows: 1. Rectal temp. ranged 36.8-37.1$^{\circ}C$ in either spring or fall, and no seasonal effect was found. 2. In skin temp., there was no seasonal effect in forehead, abdomen, and forearm. Skin temp. of chest was higher in spring than in fall. On the contrary, reverse was true in high and leg. Average skin temp. ranged 32.2-33.2$^{\circ}C$ in spring and 32.9-34.$0^{\circ}C$ in fall. 3. Average total sweat rate of spring, 79.4g/hr, was smaller than that of fall, 110.9g/hr. 4. Clothing temp. ranged 28.1-32.8$^{\circ}C$ in spring and 27.6-31.$0^{\circ}C$ in fall. Clothing humidity ranged 36.9-48.9% in spring and 38.2-51.1% in fall. Therefore, clothing microclimate was higher during fall than during spring. As results, skin temp. of the body core except chest did not show seasonal variation, but there was obvious seasonal variation in skin temp. of the extremities. Therefore, seasonal variation should be take into consideration in the experiments related to the cloth. In addition, standard for each season and the degree of work performance should be re-established in clothing micro-climate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.535-538
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• 2005

The purpose of this work is to study a process organization on space cognition by visio-auditory stimulation. We develop the system of visuo-auditory stimulation and Humans responses measurement to observe the relationship between the sensory and the motor system fur the localization of visual and auditory target direction in the space. The experiments is performed in a soundproof chamber, 2163 red, green and yellow LED(Luminescent Diode, Brightness: $20cd/m^2$ 1 degree apart each other)arrayed in front of half-circle panel were used and 57 Speaker(5 degree apart each other) arrayed in the hidden of half-circle panel. Physiological parameters such as EOG (Electro-Oculography), head movement and their synergic control are measured by BIOPAC system and Optotrak Certus. This result shows that the response latency time of the perception motion in the center is laster than the periphery of panel. These results can be used in the study of characterizing the spatial cognition.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.417-428
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze differences of the indoor environment and student's fatigue response according to ventilation in university lecture hall. The experiments consisted of measuring the indoor environmental parameters and a survey of student's responses. The experiments were in the lecture hall that the actual lecture was conducted in on the $25^{th}$ of May 2009 (not opening windows and door- A) and the $1^{st}$ of June 2009 (opening windows and door- B). The experimental variable was ventilation by opening the windows and door, and the controlled conditions were indoor temperature by air conditioner, volume of the microphone and VTR, lighting conditions and teaching method. The results are as follows: 1) The indoor temperature was maintained in controlling A, B but the $CO_2$ and relative humidity of A (average 3579ppm, 62.6%) was higher than B (average 1697ppm, 48.1%). 2) There were differences in the student's subjective responses and student's fatigue responses between A and B. 3) Therefore, it was found that ventilation by opening the windows and door was a valid way to improve the relative humidity and to reduce $CO_2$ in the lecture hall.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.183-195
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Ondol on the bedclimate, microclimate and physiological responses of occupants. Four healthy female subjects slept for seven hours in thermal environment of detached house and apartment respectively. Their bedclimate, microclimate, skin temperature, weight loss of body, weight of bedcloth and sleepwear, body movement and subjective sensation were measureed for this study. The results were as follows; The differences of bedclimate, microclimate, skin temperature were significant according to season and residence styles. The occupants of the detached house showed higher temperature and humidity inside quilt and clothes than those of the apartment did on apartment environment. The occupants of the detached house showed higher weight losses of body, heavier weights of quilt than those of the apartment did on apartment environment in the spring, autumn and winter, lower weight losses of mattress in the autumn and winter. The occupants of the detached house moved more than those of the apartment on apartment environment when sleeping. The occupants of the detached house felt higher thermal sensation and lower humidity sensation than those of the apartment did. The occupants of the detached house felt more comfortable than those of the apartment on detached house environment, while the occupants of the apartment felt more comfortable than those of the detached house on apartment environment. The thermal environments of the apartment and the detached house had an effect on the bedclimates, microclimates of occupants and therefore the physiological responses such as skin temperature, rectal temperature, weight loss of body, perspiration and subjective sensation are different during sleeping according to their residential styles on the same environment.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.567-576
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze and determine the relationship between physiological responses including blood flow rate and garment pressure, and the feeling of restrictive tightness associated with the wearing skinny pants as a popular clothing style. Evaluation was based on material type, posture and activity type, and body part location. Five female college students took part in this research. Five kinds of experimental clothes with waist measurements of 66cm were chosen. An analysis of the selected skinny pants demonstrated the degree of the whole looseness was higher in this order: clothing type A>B>D>C, and E with E being knitted cloth. Garment pressure was the highest in the front knee portions and was lowest in the outside thigh region. Garment pressure was highest in this sequence : clothing type C>=D>A>=B>E. In terms of posture and activity types, garment pressure was the highest when research participants were crouching, and was the lowest when standing. The blood flow rate was highest in this order: clothing type E>D>B>A>C. Type C skinny pants impeded blood flow and demonstrated the tightest and most restrictive relationship. Blood flow rate varied depending on the type of movement and was highest in this order: getting up, rowing, kicking, jumping and O-shaped leg posture. The results of subjective pressure evaluation demonstrated that pressure was highest in this order: E>=C>B>A>D. These results suggests the need to improve on the patterns and the material design in the area of the front knees. The degree of the looseness when wearing skinny pants did not always correspond to garment pressure or subjective sensation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.776-787
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• 2020

This study investigated physiological and subjective responses to different types of firefighter station uniforms made with various designs and materials. Six healthy males participated in this study that consisted of 20 min of rest, 30 min of treadmill exercise, and 30 min of recovery in a hot and humid environment (34℃ and 65%RH). The experimental clothing conditions were as follows. 1) a fitted T-shirt and trouser made of 100% polyester (FC-Uniform), and 2) flame retardant T-shirts made of acrylic and cotton as well as trousers with aramid and polyester, designed for overfitting (Control). There were no significant differences in the body temperature, and sweat rate between the two conditions; however, the heart rate with the FC-Uniform was significantly lower than Control (p=.025). The clothing microclimate temperature at the chest of the FC-Uniform was significantly lower than the Control (p=.037), and a difference of 1℃ was maintained until the recovery was complete. There were no significant differences in the subjective responses; however, participants experienced a humidity sensation faster with FC-Uniform in the recovery phase. The results indicate that changes in the design and material of firefighter station uniforms may have a positive influence on reducing the thermal stress of firefighters.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.310-316
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• 2009

Some environmental chemicals have been shown to cause liver-toxicity as the result of bioaccumulation. Particularly, fungicides have been shown to cause varying degrees of hepatictoxicity and to disrupt steroid hormone homeostasis in in vivo models. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the liver-toxic responses of environmental chemicals-in this case selected fungicides and parasiticides-in order to determine whether or not this agent differentially affected its toxicogenomic activities in hepatic tumor cell lines. To determine the gene expression profiles of 3 fungicides (triadimefon, myclobutanil, vinclozolin) and 1 parasiticide (dibutyl phthalate), we utilized a modified HazChem human array V2. Additionally, in order to observe the differential alterations in its time-dependent activities, we conducted two time (3 hr, 48 hr) exposures to the respective IC20 values of four chemicals. As a result, we analyzed the expression profiles of a total of 1638 genes, and we identified 70 positive significant genes and 144 negative significant genes using four fungicidic and parasiticidic chemicals, using SAM (Significant Analysis of Microarray) methods (q-value<0.5%). These genes were analyzed and identified as being related to apoptosis, stress responses, germ cell development, cofactor metabolism, and lipid metabolism in GO functions and pathways. Additionally, we found 120 genes among those time-dependently differentially expressed genes, using 1-way ANOVA (P-value<0.05). These genes were related to protein metabolism, stress responses, and positive regulation of apoptosis. These data support the conclusion that the four tested chemicals have common toxicogenomic effects and evidence respectively differential expression profiles according to exposure time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.342-353
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate far-infrared clothing (FIR condition) with non-far-infrared clothing (Control condition) to assess the effects of FIR on thermo-physiological responses. Eight young healthy males (23.0±2.3 yr, 176.5±3.7 cm, and 69.0±4.3 kg) participated in this experimental trial, which consisted of a 20 min rest followed by a 40 min walk (4.0 km·hr^-1) and a 20 min recovery at 20℃ with 50%RH. The results showed that finger skin blood flow and mean skin temperature were significantly higher for the FIR condition than the control during exercise and recovery (p<.001). Clothing microclimate temperature of the FIR condition was 0.5℃ higher on the back (p=.001) and 0.4℃ higher on the thigh (p=.015) during recovery. Clothing microclimate relative humidity of the FIR condition was 13% higher on the chest (p=.006) and 19% higher on the back (p<.001) during exercise than control. Subjects felt warmer and more comfortable in the FIR condition than in the control (p<.05). Perceived skin wettedness (%BSA) was less in the FIR condition than in the control (p=.001). These results indicate that ceramic-embedded clothing had significant effects on thermoregulatory responses for light activity in an indoor environment.