• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.315-332
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effects of human capital and social capital on the economic well-being of late middle-aged Koreans. The data from the first wave of KLoSA (Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging) aged 50-64 were used (n=4,040). The major findings were as follows: First, human capital and social capital are both resources that can contribute to increasing the economic well-being of the middle-aged. Second, the relative contribution of human capital to the economic well-being of the middle-aged varied by the level of social capital, including formal network and informal network. Third, the relative contribution of social capital to the economic well-being of the middle-aged varied by the level of human capital, including employment type and educational attainment. Based on empirical results, the implications for social investment in human capital and social capital were provided.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.697-702
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• 2016

Acanthamoeba keratitis has been increasing in recent years. Main risk factors are contact lens wear and their cleaning solutions. Most contact lens wearers use multipurpose disinfecting solutions (MPDS) for cleansing and disinfecting microorganisms because of its convenience. We determined amoebicidal effects of MPDS made in Korea and their cytotoxicity on human corneal epithelium cells. Fifteen commercial MPDS (A to O) were tested for their amoebicidal effects on Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts by using a most probable number (MPN) technique. Among them, 7 kinds of MPDS showed little or no amoebicidal effects for 24 hr exposure. Solutions A, B, G, H, L, and O showed positive amoebicidal effects, and solutions M and N killed almost all trophozoites and cysts after 24 hr exposure. However, 50%-N solution showed 56% cytotoxicity on human corneal epithelial cells within 4 hr exposure, and 50%-O solution also showed 62% cytotoxicity on human cells within 4 hr exposure. Solution A did not show any cytotoxicity on human cells. These results revealed that most MPDS made in Korea were ineffective to kill Acanthamoeba. The solutions having amoebicidal activity also showed high levels of cytotoxicity on human corneal epithelial cells. New formulations for improved MPDS that are amoebicidal but safe for host cells are needed to prevent Acanthamoeba keratitis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.177-177
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• 1998

In the previous report, tetrandrine (TET) and fangchinoline (FAN) showed antithrombotic and antiplatelet aggregation activities. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of tetrandrine and fangchinoline on human platelet aggregation, formation of thromboxane B$_2$ and coagulation of platelet poor plasma. TET and FAN inhibited platelet activating factor (PAF) induced human platelet aggregation, but didn't inhibit the specific binding of PAF to its receptor. Meanwhile, TET and FAN also inhibited PAF, thrombin and arachidonic acid induced thromboxane B$_2$ formation in human washed platelets. In addition, neither TET nor FAN showed any anticoagulation activities in the measurement of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) using human platelet poor plasma. These results suggest that antithrombotic effects of TET and FAN in mice may be mainly related to the antiplatelet aggregation activities, and the antiplatelet aggregation effects may be related to the intracellular messenger system such as TXA$_2$ formation etc., but not to the binding of PAF to PAF-receptor on the platelet membrane directly.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.842-846
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• 2013

In 2012, the Korean Ministry of Environment (MOE) added 3 new water quality standards for the protection of human health; specifically, regarding 1,4-dioxane, formaldehyde, and hexachlorobenzene. In this study, we assimilated the water quality standards of these 3 substances from other countries, with respect to surface water quality standards for human health protection and drinking water standards. We subsequently investigated how these standard values were derived. 1,4-Dioxane is managed as an environmental standard for human health in Japan, and as a drinking water quality standard in WHO, New Zealand, and Japan with respect to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. In New York, the oncogenic effects of formaldehyde in drinking water intake is considered, whereas WHO, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan also assess the non-carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde when setting their standards. USEPA and New York have a water quality standard for human health protection with respect to hexachlorobenzene based on carcinogenic effects. This study focuses on deriving water quality standards for the 3 new substances, or obtaining baseline information to revise the values of existing substances in the future.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2000

The inhibitory effects of doenjang extracts and linoleic acid(LA) which was identified as one of the active compounds in doenjang on the growth of human cancer cells were studied, comparing to the actions on normal cells. Methanol extract and hexane fraction from doenjang exhibited the strong growth inhibitory effect on HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Inhibitory effects of chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions on the cancer cells were observed, moderately or weakly. When cell counts of SNU-C$_1$human colon carcinoma cells were determined daily for 6 days, the inhibitory effect of hexane fraction on this cell line was higher than that of the methanol extract from doenjang. LA completely suppressed the growth of SNU-C$_1$cells after 4 days, while conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) resulted in 98% inhibition after 6 days. With the addition of LA and other free fatty acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid (${\gamma}$-LnA) to the culture system, the growth of HT-29 cells and SNU-C$_1$cells was greatly suppressed after 6 days. Inhibitory effects of LA ${\gamma}$-LnA on the growth of these cells were stronger than other fatty acids. On the growth of AZ-521 human gastric carcinoma cells, LA and CLA completely cuppressed the growth of the cells after 4 days and 3 days, respectively. At the level of 0.001%~0.01% of LA, there was no cytotoxic effect on normal rat kidney cells and normal intestine human cells. These results showed that LA, a major active compound of doenjang, had strong inhibitory effects on the growth of human cancer cells without damaging normal cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.841-858
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• 1996

Epidermal growth factor(EGF) is one of polypeptide growth factors. EGF has been reported as a biological mediator which regulates activities of wound healing process including the cell proliferation, migration and metabolism. The purposes of this study is to evaluate the effects of EGF on the human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblast cells that promote regeneration of periodntal tissue. The mitogenic effects of epidermal growth factor on human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts were evaluated by determining the incorporation of 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine into DNA of the cells in a dose dependent manner. The prepared cells were the primary cultured gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cells from humans, the fourth or sixth subpassages were used in the experiments. Cells were seeded in DMEM containing 10% FBS. 1, 10, 50, 100, $200{\eta}g/ml$ and epidermal growth factor were added to the quiescent cells for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. They were labeled with $10\{mu}l/200{\mu}l$ 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine for the last 6 hours of each culture. The results of the five determinants were presented as mean and S.D.. The results were as follows : The DNA synthetic activity of human gingival fibroblasts were increased dose dependently by epidermal growth factor at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. The mitogenic effects were similar at the 24 and 48 hours of epidermal growth factor, but the DNA synthetic activity of human gingival fibroblasts generally decreased at 72 hours. The DNA synthetic activity of human periodontal ligament cells were increased dose dependently by epidermal growth factor at 24 hours but the DNA synthetic activity decreased at $200{\eta}g/ml$ of each hour. Generally the maximum mitogenic effects were observed at the 48 hours application of epidermal growth factor. The DNA synthetic activity of human periodontal ligament cells generally decreased lower at 24, 72 hours than at 48 hours the application of epidermal growth factor. In the comparison of DNA synthetic activity between human gingival fibroblasts and human periodontal ligament cells, human periodontal ligament cells had slightly higher proliferation activity than human gingival fibroblasts for a longer time at the high dosage of the epidermal growth factor. In conclusion, epidermal growth factor have important roles in the stimulation of DNA synthesis in human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts, and thus may be useful for clinical applications in periodontal regenerative procedures.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.174-182
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• 1991

Effects of human error relevant to the periodic test are incorporated in the evaluations of the unavailability and optimal test interval of a safety system. Two types of possible human error with respect to the test and maintenance are considered. One is the possibility that a good safety system is inadvertently left in a bad state after test（Type A human error) and the other is the possibility that a bad safety system is undetected upon the test（Type B human error). An event tree model is developed for the steady-state unavailability of a safety system in order to determine the effects of human errors on the system unavailability and the optimal test interval. A reliability analysis of the Safety Injection System (SIS) was peformed to evaluate the effects of human error on the SIS unavailability. Results of various sensitivity analyses show that ; (1) the steady-state unavailability of the safety system increases as the probabilities of both types of human error increase and it is far more sensitive to Type A human error, (2) the optimal test interval increases slightly as the probability of Type A human error increases but it decreases as the probability of Type B human error increases, and (3) provided that the test interval of the safety injction pump is kept unchanged, the unavailability of SIS increases significantly as the probability of Type A human error increases but slightly as the probability of Type B human error increases. Therefore, to obtain the realistic result of reliability analysis, one should take shorter test interval (not optimal test interval) so that the unavailability of SIS can be maintained at the same level irrespective of human error. Since Type A human error during test & maintenance influeces greatly on the system unavailability, special efforts to reduce the possibility of Type A human error are essential in the course of test & maintenance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.151-162
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• 2019

The paper examines the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the economic growth of Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 1993 and 2015. The investigation is based on the influence of growth and economic absorptive capability determinants such as human capital, trade openness, and institutional quality. The methodological analysis uses a multivariate framework accounting capital stock, labor stock, FDI, human capital, trade openness, and institutional quality in regression of the Vector Autoregressive model. Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, Johansen Cointegration test, and Granger Causality test were applied as parts of the econometric time-series analysis approach. The empirical results demonstrate the positive effects of FDI and trade openness, and the negative effects of human capital and institutional quality on the economic growth of the Lao PDR over the 1993 to 2015 period. The findings confirm that trade openness complemented by a sufficient level of infrastructure, education, quality institutions, and transparency significantly influence economic growth and attract more FDI. Research results lend credence to the need for the Lao PDR's government to focus on improving its economic absorptive capability and economic competitiveness regionally and globally by improving wealth and resource management strategies, as failure to take this course of action could lead to the Dutch Disease effects.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-39
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• 1998

Recently, Many people begin to be interested in aromatherapy and as the effects of aromatherapy(or essential oils) are being known widely. as aromatherapy is regarded as a new effective method of natural therapy in treatment of human Aromatherapy is defined, 'therapy that methods of inhalation, massage, drink is used, to medical effects, physical effects, psychologic effects.' In this paper, By investigating differences and commons between useful essential oils that are used frequently in children's aroma care and herb medicine, digesting several aromathrapy books and 'Boncho(Herbs)'books, I can obtain such conclusions. 1. Most essential oils mainly can cure skin trobles, psychological troubles. 2. Systemic curing ability of essential oils in human body are urination in reproductive system, sediation in psychological system, sweating in circulation system, anti-inflammation in respiratory system, tonic in digestive system, pain-killing in musclular system, stimulating-immunity in immune system, menstruation in OB & GY3. Herb medicine correspond to essential oils are Chamomile(母:菊: Moguk), Ginger(生畺: Saengang), Frankinsense(乳香: Yuhyang), Eucalyptus(按葉: Anyup), Rosemary(迷迭: Mizil), Rose(薔薇: Jangmi), Sandalwood(檀香: Danhyang), Thyme(麝香草: Sahyangcho) Ylang Ylang(依蘭: Eulan), Lemon(??皮: Ryungmongpi), Madarin(陣皮: Zinpi), Orange(枳殼: Zigak). 4. There are differences of curing ability in human between herb medicine and essential oils because of curing mechanism, but effect on human body are so simular.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.87-96
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• 2015

Fun and happiness are the intrinsic values of the human beings. Game is one of the most efficient tools which satisfies those intrinsic values. Approaches and methods combining game and education to provide the enjoyable education environments have been increasing. As use of gamification in corporate and school education environments for human resources is increasing, significant voices of concern on the limitations and side effects of combining game and education are continuously increasing. The purpose of this paper is to energize the use of gamification in education environments by clarifying the limitations and side effects of gamification and seeking ways to overcome those factors. This paper summarizes an observational research on the limitations and side effects of gamification in education environments, and provides the interviewees' opinions on gamified classes.